Table of Contents:

• 1.  Introduction
  • 1.1  Overview
• 2.  How to use
  • 2.1  Installation
  • 2.2  How it works?
  • 2.3  Example to use for LoRaWAN network
  • 2.4  Uplink Payload
    • 2.4.1  Uplink FPORT=5, Device Status
      • Sensor Model:
      • Firmware Version:
      • Frequency Band:
      • Sub-Band:
      • BAT:
      • Weather Sensor Types:
    • 2.4.2  Uplink FPORT=2, Real time sensor value
    • 2.4.3  Decoder in TTN V3
  • 2.5  Show data on Application Server
• 3.  Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink
  • 3.1  Set Transmit Interval Time
  • 3.2  Set Emergency Mode
  • 3.3  Add or Delete RS485 Sensor
  • 3.4  RS485 Test Command
  • 3.5  RS485 response timeout
  • 3.6  Set Sensor Type
  • 3.7  Set the registers read by the rain gauge(Since firmware V1.3)
• 4.  Power consumption and battery
  • 4.1  Total Power Consumption
  • 4.2  Reduce power consumption
  • 4.3  Battery
• 5.  Main Process Unit WSC1-L
  • 5.1  Features
  • 5.2  Power Consumption
  • 5.3  Storage & Operation Temperature
  • 5.4  Pin Mapping
  • 5.5  Mechanical
  • 5.6  Connect to RS485 Sensors
• 6.  Weather Sensors
  • 6.1  Rain Gauge -- WSS-01
    • 6.1.1  Feature
    • 6.1.2  Specification
    • 6.1.3  Dimension
    • 6.1.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.1.5  Installation Notice
  • 6.2  Wind Speed/Direction -- WSS-02
    • 6.2.1  Feature
    • 6.2.2  Specification
    • 6.2.3  Dimension
    • 6.2.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.2.5  Angle Mapping
    • 6.2.6  Installation Notice
  • 6.3  CO2/PM2.5/PM10 -- WSS-03
    • 6.3.1  Feature
    • 6.3.2  Specification
    • 6.3.3  Dimension
    • 6.3.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.3.5  Installation Notice
  • 6.4  Rain/Snow Detect -- WSS-04
    • 6.4.1  Feature
    • 6.4.2  Specification
    • 6.4.3  Dimension
    • 6.4.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.4.5  Installation Notice
    • 6.4.6  Heating
  • 6.5  Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure -- WSS-05
    • 6.5.1  Feature
    • 6.5.2  Specification
    • 6.5.3  Dimension
    • 6.5.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.5.5  Installation Notice
  • 6.6  Total Solar Radiation sensor -- WSS-06
    • 6.6.1  Feature
    • 6.6.2  Specification
    • 6.6.3  Dimension
    • 6.6.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.6.5  Installation Notice
  • 6.7  PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) -- WSS-07
    • 6.7.1  Feature
    • 6.7.2  Specification
    • 6.7.3  Dimension
    • 6.7.4  Pin Mapping
    • 6.7.5  Installation Notice
• 7.  FAQ
  • 7.1  What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station?
  • 7.2  How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L?
  • 7.3  How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?
  • 7.4  Can I add my weather sensors?
  • 7.5 Where can i find the modbus command for the WSS sensors?
  • 7.6  How to change the data read by the rain gauge?
• 8.  Trouble Shooting
  • 8.1  AT Command input doesn't work
  • 8.2  Possible reasons why the device is unresponsive:
• 9.  Order Info
  • 9.1  Main Process Unit
  • 9.2  Sensors
• 10.  Support
• 11.  Appendix I: Field Installation Photo

1.  Introduction

1.1  Overview

2.  How to use

2.1  Installation

Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.  

 Wiring:

1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

Notice 1:

• All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.
• WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.
• Weather sensors won't work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

Notice 2:

Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

• Solar Panel
• Storage Battery
• MPPT Solar Recharger
• Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it's own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.
• Cabinet.

2.2  How it works?

Notice:

1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.
2. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

2.3  Example to use for LoRaWAN network

This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to TTN V3 network . We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

Step 1: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Jumper must be in FLASH position).

Add APP EUI in the application.

Choose Manually to add WSC1-L

Add APP KEY and DEV EUI

2.4  Uplink Payload

Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

• Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2
• Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

2.4.1  Uplink FPORT=5, Device Status

Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

Example Payload (FPort=5):  

Sensor Model:

For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

Firmware Version:

0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

Frequency Band:

0x01: EU868

0x02: US915

0x03: IN865

0x04: AU915

0x05: KZ865

0x06: RU864

0x07: AS923

0x08: AS923-1

0x09: AS923-2

0x0a: AS923-3

Sub-Band:

value 0x00 ~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

BAT:

Weather Sensor Types:

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

Downlink:0x26 01

2.4.2  Uplink FPORT=2, Real time sensor value

 Uplink Payload: 

 Sensor Segment Define:

Sensor Type Table:

• When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink.

• When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

          Uplink 2:   

2.4.3  Decoder in TTN V3

2.5  Show data on Application Server

Add TagoIO:

Authorization:

In TagoIO console (https://admin.tago.io//) , add WSC1-L:

3.  Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink

Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

• AT Command Connection: See FAQ.
• LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:  Use Note for Server(IoT LoRaWAN Server)

There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

• General Commands.

These commands are to configure:

• General system settings like: uplink interval.
• LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack(Note**). These commands can be found on the wiki:  End Device Downlink Command

Note**: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware. 

• Commands special design for WSC1-L

These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

3.1  Set Transmit Interval Time

Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

AT Command: AT+TDC

Downlink Command: 0x01

Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

• Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E       //  Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
• Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C      //  Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

3.2  Set Emergency Mode

Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

AT Command:

Downlink Command:

• 0xE101     Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1
• 0xE100     Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

3.3  Add or Delete RS485 Sensor

• Type_Code range:   A1 ~ A4

• Query_Length:        RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

• Query_Command:  RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

• Read_Length:   RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

• Valid_Data:       valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

• has_CRC:          RS485 Response crc check  (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

• timeout:           RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

Then the following parameters should be:

• Address_Code range: A1
• Query_Length: 8
• Query_Command: A103000000019CAA
• Read_Length: 8
• Valid_Data: 23 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 3th byte)
• has_CRC: 1
• timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

So the input command is:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0    -->   Delete 3^rd party sensor A1.

AT+DYSENSOR             -->    List All 3^rd Party Sensor. Like below:

Downlink Command:  

delete custom sensor A1:

• 0xE5A1     Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

Remove all custom sensors

• 0xE5FF   

3.4  RS485 Test Command

AT Command:

Eg: Send command 01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A to 485 sensor

AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

If there is output from sensor, The console will show the output data

Downlink Command:

• 0xE20103000001840A     Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

3.5  RS485 response timeout

Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

AT Command:

Downlink Command:

Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

• Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005     //  Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds
• Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A    //  Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

3.6  Set Sensor Type

AT Command:

Eg: The setting command AT+STYPE=80221 means:

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

Downlink Command:

• 0xE400080221     Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

Note:

1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned.

3.7  Set the registers read by the rain gauge(Since firmware V1.3)

AT Command:

Downlink Command:

• 0xE703    Same as: AT+RAINFALLSWITCH=3

Value Definition:

• 3: The total rainfall after the sensor is powered on  (for example  Total rainfall: 166.5mm)
• 4: Hourly rainfall: 0.2mm
• 5: Rainfall in last hour: 0.2mm
• 6: 24-hour maximum rainfall 10.0mm
• 8: 24-hour minimum rainfall:0.0mm
• 10: Rainfall in 24 hours: 8.0mm (Rainfall in the last 24 hours)

4.  Power consumption and battery

4.1  Total Power Consumption

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

4.2  Reduce power consumption

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

4.3  Battery

5.  Main Process Unit WSC1-L

5.1  Features

• Wall Attachable.
• LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.
• RS485 / Modbus protocol
• Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915
• AT Commands to change parameters
• Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink
• Firmware upgradable via program port
• Powered by external 12v battery
• Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery
• IP Rating: IP65
• Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

5.2  Power Consumption

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

5.3  Storage & Operation Temperature

-20°C to +60°C

5.4  Pin Mapping

5.5  Mechanical

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in:  https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0ir0l9jjmk6p95e/AADwWXorcKuNpPR5em7VgrEja?dl=0

5.6  Connect to RS485 Sensors

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bqyvsvitb70qtgf/AABLpD7_yxsQ_drVMxHIEI7wa?dl=0

6.  Weather Sensors

6.1  Rain Gauge -- WSS-01

6.1.1  Feature

• RS485 Rain Gauge
• Small dimension, easy to install
• Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.
• ABS enclosure.
• Horizontal adjustable.

6.1.2  Specification

• Resolution: 0.2mm
• Accuracy: ±3%
• Range: 0 ~ 100mm
• Rainfall strength: 0mm ~ 4mm/min (max 8mm/min)
• Input Power: DC 5 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Working Temperature: 0℃ ~ 70℃ (incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)
• Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)
• Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

6.1.3  Dimension

6.1.4  Pin Mapping

6.1.5  Installation Notice

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/7wa2elfm2q8xq4l/AAB7ZB_gSVGrhmJEgU2LyTQNa?dl=0

6.2  Wind Speed/Direction -- WSS-02

6.2.1  Feature

• RS485 wind speed / direction sensor
• PC enclosure, resist corrosion

6.2.2  Specification

• Wind speed range: 0 ~ 60m/s
• Wind direction range: 0 ~ 360°
• Start wind speed: ≤0.3 m/s
• Accuracy: ±(0.3＋0.03V) m/s , ±1°
• Input Power: DC 5 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Working Temperature: -30℃ ~ 70℃
• Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)
• Power Consumption: 13mA ~ 12v.
• Cable Length: 2 meters

6.2.3  Dimension

6.2.4  Pin Mapping

6.2.5  Angle Mapping

6.2.6  Installation Notice

6.3  CO2/PM2.5/PM10 -- WSS-03

6.3.1  Feature

• RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor
• NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation
• Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

6.3.2  Specification

• CO2 Range: 0 ~ 5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S(25℃)
• CO2 resolution: 1ppm
• PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0 ~ 1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S(25℃)
• PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3
• Input Power: DC 7 ~ 24v
• Preheat time: 3min
• Interface: RS485
• Working Temperature:
  • CO2: 0℃ ~ 50℃;
  • PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~ 50℃
• Working Humidity:
  • PM2.5/PM10: 15 ~ 80%RH (no dewing)
  • CO2: 0 ~ 95%RH
• Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

6.3.3  Dimension

6.3.4  Pin Mapping

6.3.5  Installation Notice

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

6.4  Rain/Snow Detect -- WSS-04

6.4.1  Feature

• RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor
• Surface heating to dry
• grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

6.4.2  Specification

• Detect if there is rain or snow
• Input Power: DC 12 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Working Temperature: -30℃ ~ 70℃
• Working Humidity: 10 ~ 90%RH
• Power Consumption:
  • No heating: 12mA @ 12v,
  • heating: 94ma @ 12v.

6.4.3  Dimension

6.4.4  Pin Mapping

6.4.5  Installation Notice

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

6.4.6  Heating

6.5  Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure -- WSS-05

6.5.1  Feature

• RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

6.5.2  Specification

• Input Power: DC 12 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Temperature Sensor Spec:
  • Range: -30 ~ 70℃
  • resolution 0.1℃
  • Accuracy: ±0.5℃
• Humidity Sensor Spec:
  • Range: 0 ~ 100% RH
  • resolution 0.1 %RH
  • Accuracy: 3% RH
• Pressure Sensor Spec:
  • Range: 10 ~ 1100hPa
  • Resolution: 0.1hPa
  • Accuracy: ±0.1hPa
• Illuminate sensor:
  • Range: 0~2/20/200kLux
  • Resolution: 10 Lux
  • Accuracy: ±3%FS
• Working Temperature: -30℃ ~ 70℃
• Working Humidity: 10 ~ 90%RH
• Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

6.5.3  Dimension

6.5.4  Pin Mapping

6.5.5  Installation Notice

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

6.6  Total Solar Radiation sensor -- WSS-06

6.6.1  Feature

• RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor
• Measure Total Radiation between 0.3 ~ 3μm(300 ~ 3000nm)
• Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

6.6.2  Specification

• Input Power: DC 5 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Detect spectrum: 0.3 ~ 3μm(300～3000nm)
• Measure strength range: 0 ~ 2000W/m2
• Resolution: 0.1W/m2
• Accuracy: ±3%
• Yearly Stability: ≤±2%
• Cosine response: ≤7% (@ Sun angle 10°)
• Temperature Effect: ±2% (-10℃ ~ 40℃)
• Working Temperature: -40℃ ~ 70℃
• Working Humidity: 10 ~ 90%RH
• Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

6.6.3  Dimension

6.6.4  Pin Mapping

6.6.5  Installation Notice

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

6.7  PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) -- WSS-07

6.7.1  Feature

6.7.2  Specification

• Input Power: DC 5 ~ 24v
• Interface: RS485
• Response Spectrum: 400~700nm
• Measure range: 0 ~ 2500μmol/m2•s
• Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s
• Accuracy: ±2%
• Yearly Stability: ≤ ±2%
• Working Temperature: -30℃ ~ 75℃
• Working Humidity: 10 ~ 90%RH
• Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

6.7.3  Dimension

6.7.4  Pin Mapping

6.7.5  Installation Notice

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

7.  FAQ

7.1  What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station?

Below is the installation photo and structure:

7.2  How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L?

7.3  How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

7.4  Can I add my weather sensors?

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction:  add sensors.

7.5 Where can i find the modbus command for the WSS sensors?

See this link for the modbus command set.

7.6  How to change the data read by the rain gauge?

Users can run the AT+RAINFALLSWITCH command to query the data of the rain gauge.

AT+RAINFALLSWITCH=10(Range: 3,4,5,6,8,10)

Rainfall query value:

3：The total rainfall after the sensor is powered on  (for example  Total rainfall: 166.5mm)

4：Current Hourly rainfall: etc 0.2mm

5：Rainfall in last hour: etc 0.2mm

6：24-hour maximum rainfall: etc  10.0mm

8：24-hour minimum rainfall: etc  0.0mm

10：Rainfall in 24 hours: 8.0mm   (Rainfall in the last 24 hours)

8.  Trouble Shooting

8.1  AT Command input doesn't work

8.2  Possible reasons why the device is unresponsive:

1. Check whether the battery voltage is lower than 2.8V
2. Check whether the jumper of the device is correctly connected

3. Check whether the switch here of the device is at the ISP(The switch can operate normally only when it is in RUN)

9.  Order Info

9.1  Main Process Unit

Part Number: WSC1-L-XX

XX: The default frequency band

• AS923: LoRaWAN AS923 band
• AU915: LoRaWAN AU915 band
• EU433: LoRaWAN EU433 band
• EU868: LoRaWAN EU868 band
• KR920: LoRaWAN KR920 band
• US915: LoRaWAN US915 band
• IN865: LoRaWAN IN865 band
• CN470: LoRaWAN CN470 band

9.2  Sensors

10.  Support

• Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

• Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to support@dragino.com.

11.  Appendix I: Field Installation Photo

Storage Battery: 12v,12AH li battery

Wind Speed/Direction

Total Solar Radiation sensor

PAR Sensor

CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 sensor

Rain / Snow Detect

Rain Gauge