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Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 113.1 by Xiaoye on 2024/10/31 11:24
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1 **Table of Contents：**
2
3 {{toc/}}
4
5
6
7
8 = 1.  Overview =
9
10
11 This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
12
13 * HP0A
14 * HP0C
15 * LPS8v2
16 * MS20
17
18 (% style="display:none" %)
19
20
21 = 2.  Development Guide =
22
23
24 For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
25
26
27 == 2.1  How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
28
29
30 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package**(%%) ===
31
32
33 **Requirements:**
34
35 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)**
36
37 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)**
38
39
40 **Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)**
41
42
43 [[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
44
45
46 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
47
48
49 **After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:**
50
51 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd:  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c**
52
53
54 The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
55
56 [[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
57
58
59
60 When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-*.deb(%%) **package is generated.
61
62 [[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
63
64
65 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
66
67
68 **Run command:**
69
70 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg -i draginofwd-*.deb **
71
72
73 [[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
74
75
76 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4. Test**(%%) ===
77
78
79 **Check the dragino_fwd log:**
80
81 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
82
83
84 [[image:image-20220527165221-7.png||height="182" width="931"]]
85
86
87 **Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:**
88
89 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl start draginofwd**
90
91 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl stop draginofwd**
92
93
94 == 2.2  How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
95
96
97
98 **2.2.1 Prepare a USB flash drive/SD card and plug it into the USB port of the gateway.**
99
100
101 **2.2.2 Mounting a USB Flash Drive/SD Card in the Linux CLI**
102
103
104 **2.2.3 Using the DD command, copy Emmc as an img file**
105
106
107 **2.2.4 Export the img file and follow the steps in 2.3 for burning**
108
109
110 == 2.3  How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
111
112
113 Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
114
115
116 //2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
117
118 //2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
119
120 //2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
121
122 //2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
123
124
125 ==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//Preparations~://**(%%) ====
126
127 1. Prepare an SD card
128 1. Prepare a card reader device
129 1. Download the OS image from the release.image~: **[[draginolps8v2-release-v1.7>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]**
130 1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
131 1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
132
133 === **2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image** ===
134
135
136 ==== Step 1.  Formatting the SD Card ====
137
138 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
139
140
141 ==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
142
143 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
144
145
146 ==== Step 3. Select the target ====
147
148 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
149
150 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
151
152
153 ==== Step 4. Flash start ====
154
155 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
156
157 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
158
159
160
161 === **2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway** ===
162
163 1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
164
165 [[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
166
167
168 2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
169
170 [[image:image-20230712201458-3.png||height="649" width="832"]]
171
172
173 Note: The PWR LED on red
174
175 The  LAN LED blink
176
177 The SYS LED on red
178
179
180
181 === **3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card** ===
182
183
184 Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
185
186
187 * **Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
188
189 Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
190
191
192 IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
193
194 Port:  22
195
196 User Name:      (% style="color:blue" %)**root**
197
198 Password:         (% style="color:blue" %)**dragino**(%%) (default)
199
200 //After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
201
202
203 [[image:image-20230508155357-1.png||height="225" width="634"]]
204
205
206 **Run command:**
207
208 draginolps8v2-release-chirpsrtack-v1.7-240725 image :
209
210 (% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-ChirpStack-240725-1.img **
211
212 draginolps8v2-release-ttnstack-v1.7-240712 image :
213
214 (% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.img**
215
216 [[image:image-20241008091850-2.png]]
217
218 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Note: After the flash is completed, please power off the device (run the command halt) and disconnect the power supply, and then unplug the SD card.**
219
220
221 == 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
222
223
224 Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
225
226
227 === 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
228
229 (% class="box infomessage" %)
230 (((
231 fdisk -l
232 )))
233
234 [[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
235
236
237 === 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
238
239
240 (% class="box infomessage" %)
241 (((
242 df -h
243 )))
244
245 [[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
246
247
248 === 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
249
250
251 (% class="box infomessage" %)
252 (((
253 mkdir /mnt/sd
254
255 mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
256 )))
257
258 After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
259
260 [[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
261
262
263 If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
264
265 (% class="box infomessage" %)
266 (((
267 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
268 )))
269
270 == 2.5 Default Built Version ==
271
272
273 [[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
274
275
276 == 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
277
278
279 By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
280
281 [[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
282
283 **If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.**
284
285
286 #install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
287
288 [[image:image-20221112154230-3.png||height="89" width="689"]]
289
290 (% class="box infomessage" %)
291 (((
292 **npm install -g n**
293 )))
294
295
296 #Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
297
298 [[image:image-20221112154418-4.png||height="184" width="893"]]
299
300 (% class="box infomessage" %)
301 (((
302 **n lts**
303 )))
304
305
306 #Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
307
308 [[image:image-20221112154456-5.png||height="139" width="899"]]
309
310 (% class="box infomessage" %)
311 (((
312 **n prune**
313 )))
314
315
316 (% class="box infomessage" %)
317 (((
318 **apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot**
319 )))
320
321
322 Check the current version
323
324 [[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
325
326 (% class="box infomessage" %)
327 (((
328 **node -v**
329 )))
330
331
332 == 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
333
334
335 === **Grafana:** ===
336
337
338 (% class="box infomessage" %)
339 (((
340 curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
341 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
342 apt update && apt install grafana
343 )))
344
345
346 Check the running status:
347
348
349 (% class="box infomessage" %)
350 (((
351 systemctl status grafana-server
352 )))
353
354
355 configuration path:
356
357
358 (% class="box infomessage" %)
359 (((
360 /etc/grafana/grafana.ini
361 )))
362
363
364 === **Influxdb:** ===
365
366
367 (% class="box infomessage" %)
368 (((
369 curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
370 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
371 apt update && apt install influxdb
372 )))
373
374
375 Check the running status:
376
377
378 (% class="box infomessage" %)
379 (((
380 systemctl status influxdb
381 )))
382
383
384 configuration path:
385
386
387 (% class="box infomessage" %)
388 (((
389 /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
390 )))
391
392
393 = 3.  Package Management =
394
395 == 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
396
397 === 3.1.1  How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
398
399
400 By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates. 
401
402
403 (% style="color:blue" %)**When devices will check for updates**?
404
405 * Devices will check for updates for every boot.
406 * Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
407
408 (% style="color:blue" %)**What packages will be checked for updates**?
409
410 dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
411
412 dragino-sid  ~-~- SN write and read tool
413
414 dragino-ui  ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
415
416 draginofwd   ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
417
418 draginoups   ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
419
420
421
422 (% style="color:blue" %)**Location and changelog for packages**:
423
424 * Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
425 * Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
426
427 (% style="color:blue" %)**How to view auto-updated log**
428
429 You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)**System ~-~-> Package Management.**
430
431
432 [[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
433
434
435
436 (% style="color:blue" %)**Can I disable package-auto-update?**
437
438 You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %)** ‘SAVE’ **(%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
439
440
441 [[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
442
443
444 === 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
445
446
447 You can click the (% style="color:red" %)**‘Manual Update’**(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
448
449
450 [[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
451
452
453 === 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
454
455
456 For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
457
458
459 == 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
460
461 === 3.2.1 Overview ===
462
463
464 Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
465
466
467 === 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
468
469
470 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install apache2**
471
472
473 === 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
474
475
476 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)**
477
478 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)**
479
480 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)**
481
482
483 **Tree Structure:**
484
485 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.**
486
487
488 └── debian
489
490 └── release
491
492 ├── dists
493
494 │   └── stable
495
496 │       └── main
497
498 │           └── binary-armhf
499
500 └── pool
501
502 └── main
503
504 └── d
505
506 └── dragino   ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.**
507
508
509 === 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
510
511
512 The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in** (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
513
514 Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
515
516
517 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)**
518
519 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
520
521
522 === 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
523
524
525 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/**
526
527 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages**
528
529 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages | gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz**
530
531
532 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.**
533
534
535 === 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
536
537
538 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Create the generated script:**(%%) ====
539
540
541 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
542
543
544 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]**
545
546 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**chmod + x ./generate-release.sh**
547
548 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**./generate-release.sh > Release**
549
550
551 === 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
552
553
554 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Make sure auto-update server has gnupg**(%%) ====
555
556
557 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install gnupg**
558
559
560
561 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**generate gpg key**(%%) ====
562
563
564 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg -gen-key**
565
566
567 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.**
568
569
570
571 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Check the gen-key**(%%) ====
572
573
574 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gen -list-key**
575
576
577
578 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the release.gpg**(%%) ====
579
580
581 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
582
583 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release**
584
585
586 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release**
587
588
589
590 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the public key**(%%) ====
591
592
593 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>**
594
595
596 **example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export **[[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
597
598
599
600 === 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
601
602
603
604 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the public key**(%%) ====
605
606
607 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/**
608
609
610 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.**
611
612
613
614 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the apt source list**(%%) ====
615
616
617 Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
618
619 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list**
620
621
622
623 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Validate the apt repository**(%%) ====
624
625
626 Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
627
628 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt update && apt install testing**
629
630
631 Example output:
632
633 [[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
634
635
636 === 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
637
638
639 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Remove dragino apt source**(%%) ====
640
641
642 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**/etc/apt/sources.list**
643
644
645 [[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
646
647
648
649 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set up automatic updates**(%%) ====
650
651
652 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates**
653
654
655 The device performs automatic updates from this script,
656
657 But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
658
659
660 [[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
661
662
663