Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 113.1 by Xiaoye on 2024/10/31 11:24

version	line-number	content
15.1	1	Table of Contents：
	2
	3	{{toc/}}
	4
1.1	5
50.1	6
	7
48.2	8	= 1. Overview =
	9
	10
1.1	11	This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
	12
	13	* HP0A
	14	* HP0C
	15	* LPS8v2
55.1	16	* MS20
1.1	17
90.3	18	(% style="display:none" %)
90.2	19
	20
48.2	21	= 2. Development Guide =
	22
	23
70.4	24	For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
4.1	25
25.1	26
48.2	27	== 2.1 How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
4.1	28
	29
48.3	30	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package(%%) ===
4.1	31
30.1	32
70.4	33	Requirements:
48.3	34
70.4	35	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)
30.1	36
70.4	37	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)
11.1	38
48.3	39
70.4	40	Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)
11.1	41
70.4	42
11.1	43	[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
	44
	45
48.3	46	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd(%%) ===
48.1	47
11.1	48
70.4	49	After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
48.3	50
70.5	51	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd: ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
70.4	52
70.5	53
11.1	54	The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
	55
	56	[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
	57
	58
	59
70.5	60	When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-.deb(%%) *package is generated.
	61
11.1	62	[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png\|\|height="385" width="773"]]
	63
25.1	64
48.3	65	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd(%%) ===
11.1	66
14.1	67
70.4	68	Run command:
11.1	69
70.5	70	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)*dpkg -i draginofwd-.deb **
11.1	71
70.4	72
11.1	73	[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
	74
	75
48.3	76	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 4. Test(%%) ===
14.1	77
48.3	78
70.5	79	Check the dragino_fwd log:
11.1	80
70.5	81	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)journalctl -u draginofwd -f
11.1	82
70.4	83
13.1	84	[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png\|\|height="182" width="931"]]
11.1	85
48.3	86
70.5	87	Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
11.1	88
70.5	89	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl start draginofwd
13.1	90
70.5	91	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl stop draginofwd
46.1	92
13.1	93
48.3	94	== 2.2 How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
27.1	95
48.3	96
57.1	97
113.1	98	2.2.1 Prepare a USB flash drive/SD card and plug it into the USB port of the gateway.
67.2	99
51.1	100
113.1	101	2.2.2 Mounting a USB Flash Drive/SD Card in the Linux CLI
51.1	102
	103
113.1	104	2.2.3 Using the DD command, copy Emmc as an img file
51.1	105
	106
113.1	107	2.2.4 Export the img file and follow the steps in 2.3 for burning
51.1	108
	109
102.1	110	== 2.3 How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
98.1	111
	112
102.1	113	Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
98.1	114
102.1	115
	116	//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
	117
	118	//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
	119
	120	//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
	121
	122	//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
	123
	124
98.1	125	==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//Preparations~://(%%) ====
	126
102.1	127	1. Prepare an SD card
	128	1. Prepare a card reader device
112.1	129	1. Download the OS image from the release.image~: [[draginolps8v2-release-v1.7>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]
98.1	130	1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
102.1	131	1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
98.1	132
102.1	133	=== 2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image ===
	134
	135
97.1	136	==== Step 1. Formatting the SD Card ====
	137
	138	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
	139
	140
	141	==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
	142
	143	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	144
	145
	146	==== Step 3. Select the target ====
	147
	148	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	149
	150	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	151
	152
	153	==== Step 4. Flash start ====
	154
	155	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	156
	157	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
	158
	159
	160
102.1	161	=== 2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway ===
67.2	162
98.1	163	1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
51.1	164
102.1	165	[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
51.1	166
97.1	167
102.1	168	2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
97.1	169
102.1	170	[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png\|\|height="649" width="832"]]
97.1	171
	172
102.1	173	Note: The PWR LED on red
97.1	174
102.1	175	The LAN LED blink
97.1	176
102.1	177	The SYS LED on red
97.1	178
102.1	179
	180
	181	=== 3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card ===
	182
	183
	184	Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
	185
	186
	187	* Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI
	188
98.1	189	Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
97.1	190
	191
	192	IP address: IP address of gateway or Fallback IP(172.31.255.254)
	193
	194	Port: 22
	195
	196	User Name: (% style="color:blue" %)root
	197
	198	Password: (% style="color:blue" %)dragino(%%) (default)
	199
	200	//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
	201
	202
	203	[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png\|\|height="225" width="634"]]
	204
	205
70.4	206	Run command:
27.1	207
112.1	208	draginolps8v2-release-chirpsrtack-v1.7-240725 image :
27.1	209
112.1	210	(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %) flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-ChirpStack-240725-1.img
70.4	211
112.1	212	draginolps8v2-release-ttnstack-v1.7-240712 image :
27.1	213
112.1	214	(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %) flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.img
28.1	215
112.1	216	[[image:image-20241008091850-2.png]]
27.1	217
112.1	218	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Note: After the flash is completed, please power off the device (run the command halt) and disconnect the power supply, and then unplug the SD card.
70.7	219
27.1	220
107.1	221	== 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
67.2	222
72.2	223
107.1	224	Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
	225
	226
	227	=== 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
	228
	229	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	230	(((
	231	fdisk -l
	232	)))
	233
	234	[[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
	235
	236
	237	=== 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
	238
	239
	240	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	241	(((
	242	df -h
	243	)))
	244
	245	[[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
	246
	247
	248	=== 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
	249
	250
	251	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	252	(((
	253	mkdir /mnt/sd
	254
	255	mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
	256	)))
	257
	258	After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
	259
	260	[[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
	261
	262
	263	If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
	264
	265	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	266	(((
	267	mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
	268	)))
	269
	270	== 2.5 Default Built Version ==
	271
	272
72.1	273	[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
	274
	275
107.1	276	== 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
72.1	277
78.1	278
	279	By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
	280
	281	[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
	282
	283	If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.
	284
	285
	286	#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
	287
83.1	288	[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png\|\|height="89" width="689"]]
78.1	289
	290	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	291	(((
	292	npm install -g n
	293	)))
	294
	295
	296	#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
	297
83.1	298	[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png\|\|height="184" width="893"]]
	299
78.1	300	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	301	(((
	302	n lts
	303	)))
	304
	305
	306	#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
	307
83.1	308	[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png\|\|height="139" width="899"]]
78.1	309
	310	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	311	(((
	312	n prune
	313	)))
	314
	315
	316	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	317	(((
83.1	318	apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot
78.1	319	)))
	320
	321
	322	Check the current version
	323
83.1	324	[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
78.1	325
	326	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	327	(((
	328	node -v
	329	)))
	330
	331
107.1	332	== 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
84.1	333
	334
	335	=== Grafana: ===
	336
	337
	338	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	339	(((
	340	curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
	341	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
	342	apt update && apt install grafana
	343	)))
	344
	345
	346	Check the running status:
	347
	348
	349	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	350	(((
	351	systemctl status grafana-server
	352	)))
	353
	354
	355	configuration path:
	356
	357
	358	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	359	(((
	360	/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
	361	)))
	362
	363
	364	=== Influxdb: ===
	365
	366
	367	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	368	(((
109.1	369	curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
84.1	370	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
	371	apt update && apt install influxdb
	372	)))
	373
	374
	375	Check the running status:
	376
	377
	378	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	379	(((
	380	systemctl status influxdb
	381	)))
	382
	383
	384	configuration path:
	385
	386
	387	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	388	(((
	389	/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
	390	)))
	391
	392
95.6	393	= 3. Package Management =
	394
95.1	395	== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
	396
95.6	397	=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
95.1	398
	399
67.2	400	By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates.
	401
	402
	403	(% style="color:blue" %)When devices will check for updates?
	404
	405	* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
	406	* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
	407
	408	(% style="color:blue" %)What packages will be checked for updates?
	409
	410	dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
	411
	412	dragino-sid ~-~- SN write and read tool
	413
	414	dragino-ui ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
	415
	416	draginofwd ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
	417
	418	draginoups ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
	419
	420
70.9	421
67.2	422	(% style="color:blue" %)Location and changelog for packages:
	423
	424	* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
	425	* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
	426
	427	(% style="color:blue" %)How to view auto-updated log
	428
	429	You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)System ~-~-> Package Management.
	430
	431
	432	[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
	433
	434
70.7	435
67.2	436	(% style="color:blue" %)Can I disable package-auto-update?
	437
70.8	438	You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %) ‘SAVE’ (%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
67.2	439
	440
	441	[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
	442
	443
95.1	444	=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
67.2	445
	446
70.8	447	You can click the (% style="color:red" %)‘Manual Update’(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
67.2	448
	449
	450	[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
	451
	452
95.1	453	=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
67.2	454
	455
	456	For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
	457
	458
95.1	459	== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
67.2	460
95.1	461	=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
67.2	462
	463
	464	Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
	465
	466
95.1	467	=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
67.2	468
	469
70.5	470	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install apache2
67.2	471
	472
95.1	473	=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
67.2	474
	475
70.5	476	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)
67.2	477
70.5	478	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)
67.2	479
70.5	480	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)
67.2	481
	482
	483	Tree Structure:
	484
	485	(% style="color:red" %)Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.
	486
	487
	488	└── debian
	489
	490	└── release
	491
	492	├── dists
	493
	494	│ └── stable
	495
	496	│ └── main
	497
	498	│ └── binary-armhf
	499
	500	└── pool
	501
	502	└── main
	503
	504	└── d
	505
70.5	506	└── dragino ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.
67.2	507
	508
95.1	509	=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
67.2	510
	511
	512	The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
	513
	514	Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
	515
	516
70.5	517	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)
67.2	518
70.5	519	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
67.2	520
	521
95.1	522	=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
67.2	523
	524
70.5	525	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/
67.2	526
70.5	527	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages
67.2	528
70.5	529	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages \| gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz
67.2	530
	531
	532	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.
	533
	534
95.1	535	=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
67.2	536
	537
70.10	538	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Create the generated script:(%%) ====
67.2	539
	540
70.5	541	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	542
	543
70.5	544	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]
67.2	545
70.5	546	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)chmod + x ./generate-release.sh
67.2	547
70.5	548	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)./generate-release.sh > Release
67.2	549
	550
95.1	551	=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
67.2	552
	553
70.7	554	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Make sure auto-update server has gnupg(%%) ====
67.2	555
	556
70.5	557	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install gnupg
68.2	558
	559
	560
70.7	561	==== (% style="color:blue" %)generate gpg key(%%) ====
67.2	562
	563
70.5	564	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg -gen-key
67.2	565
68.2	566
70.10	567	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.
67.2	568
	569
68.2	570
70.7	571	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Check the gen-key(%%) ====
67.2	572
	573
70.5	574	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gen -list-key
67.2	575
68.2	576
	577
70.7	578	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the release.gpg(%%) ====
67.2	579
	580
70.5	581	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	582
70.5	583	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release
67.2	584
	585
70.5	586	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release
67.2	587
	588
68.2	589
70.7	590	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the public key(%%) ====
67.2	591
	592
70.5	593	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>
67.2	594
68.2	595
67.2	596	example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export [[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
	597
	598
	599
95.1	600	=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
67.2	601
68.2	602
	603
70.7	604	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the public key(%%) ====
67.2	605
	606
70.5	607	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
67.2	608
70.7	609
68.2	610	(% style="color:red" %)Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.
67.2	611
68.2	612
	613
70.7	614	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the apt source list(%%) ====
67.2	615
68.2	616
67.2	617	Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
	618
70.5	619	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" \| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list
67.2	620
	621
68.2	622
70.7	623	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Validate the apt repository(%%) ====
67.2	624
68.2	625
67.2	626	Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
	627
70.5	628	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt update && apt install testing
67.2	629
68.2	630
67.2	631	Example output:
	632
68.2	633	[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
67.2	634
	635
95.1	636	=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
67.2	637
	638
70.7	639	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Remove dragino apt source(%%) ====
67.2	640
	641
70.5	642	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)/etc/apt/sources.list
67.2	643
	644
70.2	645	[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
67.2	646
	647
	648
70.7	649	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Set up automatic updates(%%) ====
67.2	650
	651
70.5	652	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates
67.2	653
70.2	654
67.2	655	The device performs automatic updates from this script,
	656
	657	But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
	658
	659
70.2	660	[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
95.2	661
	662
	663

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