Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 107.1 by Kilight Cao on 2023/08/31 15:20
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1 **Table of Contents：**
2
3 {{toc/}}
4
5
6
7
8 = 1.  Overview =
9
10
11 This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
12
13 * HP0A
14 * HP0C
15 * LPS8v2
16 * MS20
17
18 (% style="display:none" %)
19
20
21 = 2.  Development Guide =
22
23
24 For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
25
26
27 == 2.1  How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
28
29
30 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package**(%%) ===
31
32
33 **Requirements:**
34
35 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)**
36
37 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)**
38
39
40 **Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)**
41
42
43 [[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
44
45
46 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
47
48
49 **After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:**
50
51 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd:  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c**
52
53
54 The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
55
56 [[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
57
58
59
60 When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-*.deb(%%) **package is generated.
61
62 [[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
63
64
65 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
66
67
68 **Run command:**
69
70 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg -i draginofwd-*.deb **
71
72
73 [[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
74
75
76 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4. Test**(%%) ===
77
78
79 **Check the dragino_fwd log:**
80
81 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
82
83
84 [[image:image-20220527165221-7.png||height="182" width="931"]]
85
86
87 **Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:**
88
89 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl start draginofwd**
90
91 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl stop draginofwd**
92
93
94 == 2.2  How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111 == 2.3  How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
112
113
114 Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
115
116
117 //2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
118
119 //2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
120
121 //2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
122
123 //2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
124
125
126 ==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//Preparations~://**(%%) ====
127
128 1. Prepare an SD card
129 1. Prepare a card reader device
130 1. Download the OS image from the [[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]: ( File format dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img )
131 1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
132 1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
133
134 === **2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image** ===
135
136
137 ==== Step 1.  Formatting the SD Card ====
138
139 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
140
141
142 ==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
143
144 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
145
146
147 ==== Step 3. Select the target ====
148
149 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
150
151 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
152
153
154 ==== Step 4. Flash start ====
155
156 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
157
158 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
159
160
161
162 === **2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway** ===
163
164 1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
165
166 [[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
167
168
169 2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
170
171 [[image:image-20230712201458-3.png||height="649" width="832"]]
172
173
174 Note: The PWR LED on red
175
176 The  LAN LED blink
177
178 The SYS LED on red
179
180
181
182 === **3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card** ===
183
184
185 Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
186
187
188 * **Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
189
190 Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
191
192
193 IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
194
195 Port:  22
196
197 User Name:      (% style="color:blue" %)**root**
198
199 Password:         (% style="color:blue" %)**dragino**(%%) (default)
200
201 //After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
202
203
204 [[image:image-20230508155357-1.png||height="225" width="634"]]
205
206
207 **Run command:**
208
209 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**nand-sata-install**
210
211
212 [[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
213
214
215
216 Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".**
217
218 [[image:image-20220602112058-2.png||height="292" width="646"]]
219
220
221 [[image:image-20220602112106-3.png||height="301" width="643"]]
222
223
224
225 Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"1  ext4"**
226
227 [[image:image-20220602112113-4.png||height="271" width="642"]]
228
229
230
231 It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
232
233 [[image:image-20220602112119-5.png||height="309" width="641"]]
234
235
236 [[image:image-20220602112125-6.png||height="281" width="640"]]
237
238
239 [[image:image-20220602112131-7.png||height="241" width="638"]]
240
241
242 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.**
243
244
245 == 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
246
247
248 Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
249
250
251 === 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
252
253 (% class="box infomessage" %)
254 (((
255 fdisk -l
256 )))
257
258 [[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
259
260
261 === 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
262
263
264 (% class="box infomessage" %)
265 (((
266 df -h
267 )))
268
269 [[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
270
271
272 === 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
273
274
275 (% class="box infomessage" %)
276 (((
277 mkdir /mnt/sd
278
279 mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
280 )))
281
282 After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
283
284 [[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
285
286
287 If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
288
289 (% class="box infomessage" %)
290 (((
291 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
292 )))
293
294 == 2.5 Default Built Version ==
295
296
297 [[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
298
299
300 == 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
301
302
303 By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
304
305 [[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
306
307 **If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.**
308
309
310 #install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
311
312 [[image:image-20221112154230-3.png||height="89" width="689"]]
313
314 (% class="box infomessage" %)
315 (((
316 **npm install -g n**
317 )))
318
319
320 #Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
321
322 [[image:image-20221112154418-4.png||height="184" width="893"]]
323
324 (% class="box infomessage" %)
325 (((
326 **n lts**
327 )))
328
329
330 #Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
331
332 [[image:image-20221112154456-5.png||height="139" width="899"]]
333
334 (% class="box infomessage" %)
335 (((
336 **n prune**
337 )))
338
339
340 (% class="box infomessage" %)
341 (((
342 **apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot**
343 )))
344
345
346 Check the current version
347
348 [[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
349
350 (% class="box infomessage" %)
351 (((
352 **node -v**
353 )))
354
355
356 == 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
357
358
359 === **Grafana:** ===
360
361
362 (% class="box infomessage" %)
363 (((
364 curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
365 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
366 apt update && apt install grafana
367 )))
368
369
370 Check the running status:
371
372
373 (% class="box infomessage" %)
374 (((
375 systemctl status grafana-server
376 )))
377
378
379 configuration path:
380
381
382 (% class="box infomessage" %)
383 (((
384 /etc/grafana/grafana.ini
385 )))
386
387
388 === **Influxdb:** ===
389
390
391 (% class="box infomessage" %)
392 (((
393 curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
394 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
395 apt update && apt install influxdb
396 )))
397
398
399 Check the running status:
400
401
402 (% class="box infomessage" %)
403 (((
404 systemctl status influxdb
405 )))
406
407
408 configuration path:
409
410
411 (% class="box infomessage" %)
412 (((
413 /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
414 )))
415
416
417 = 3.  Package Management =
418
419 == 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
420
421 === 3.1.1  How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
422
423
424 By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates. 
425
426
427 (% style="color:blue" %)**When devices will check for updates**?
428
429 * Devices will check for updates for every boot.
430 * Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
431
432 (% style="color:blue" %)**What packages will be checked for updates**?
433
434 dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
435
436 dragino-sid  ~-~- SN write and read tool
437
438 dragino-ui  ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
439
440 draginofwd   ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
441
442 draginoups   ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
443
444
445
446 (% style="color:blue" %)**Location and changelog for packages**:
447
448 * Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
449 * Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
450
451 (% style="color:blue" %)**How to view auto-updated log**
452
453 You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)**System ~-~-> Package Management.**
454
455
456 [[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
457
458
459
460 (% style="color:blue" %)**Can I disable package-auto-update?**
461
462 You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %)** ‘SAVE’ **(%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
463
464
465 [[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
466
467
468 === 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
469
470
471 You can click the (% style="color:red" %)**‘Manual Update’**(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
472
473
474 [[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
475
476
477 === 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
478
479
480 For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
481
482
483 == 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
484
485 === 3.2.1 Overview ===
486
487
488 Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
489
490
491 === 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
492
493
494 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install apache2**
495
496
497 === 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
498
499
500 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)**
501
502 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)**
503
504 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)**
505
506
507 **Tree Structure:**
508
509 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.**
510
511
512 └── debian
513
514 └── release
515
516 ├── dists
517
518 │   └── stable
519
520 │       └── main
521
522 │           └── binary-armhf
523
524 └── pool
525
526 └── main
527
528 └── d
529
530 └── dragino   ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.**
531
532
533 === 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
534
535
536 The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in** (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
537
538 Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
539
540
541 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)**
542
543 **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
544
545
546 === 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
547
548
549 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/**
550
551 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages**
552
553 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages | gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz**
554
555
556 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.**
557
558
559 === 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
560
561
562 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Create the generated script:**(%%) ====
563
564
565 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
566
567
568 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]**
569
570 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**chmod + x ./generate-release.sh**
571
572 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**./generate-release.sh > Release**
573
574
575 === 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
576
577
578 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Make sure auto-update server has gnupg**(%%) ====
579
580
581 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install gnupg**
582
583
584
585 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**generate gpg key**(%%) ====
586
587
588 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg -gen-key**
589
590
591 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.**
592
593
594
595 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Check the gen-key**(%%) ====
596
597
598 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gen -list-key**
599
600
601
602 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the release.gpg**(%%) ====
603
604
605 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
606
607 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release**
608
609
610 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release**
611
612
613
614 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the public key**(%%) ====
615
616
617 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>**
618
619
620 **example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export **[[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
621
622
623
624 === 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
625
626
627
628 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the public key**(%%) ====
629
630
631 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/**
632
633
634 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.**
635
636
637
638 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the apt source list**(%%) ====
639
640
641 Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
642
643 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list**
644
645
646
647 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Validate the apt repository**(%%) ====
648
649
650 Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
651
652 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt update && apt install testing**
653
654
655 Example output:
656
657 [[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
658
659
660 === 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
661
662
663 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Remove dragino apt source**(%%) ====
664
665
666 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**/etc/apt/sources.list**
667
668
669 [[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
670
671
672
673 ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set up automatic updates**(%%) ====
674
675
676 (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates**
677
678
679 The device performs automatic updates from this script,
680
681 But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
682
683
684 [[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
685
686
687
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