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Changes for page Armbian OS instruction

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/02/26 08:18
From version 97.1
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2023/05/08 15:58
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 25.1
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2022/06/02 11:22
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 += Overview =
5 5  
6 -
7 -
8 -= 1.  Overview =
9 -
10 -
11 11  This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
12 12  
13 13  * HP0A
14 14  * HP0C
15 15  * LPS8v2
16 -* MS20
17 17  
18 -(% style="display:none" %)
13 += Development Guide =
19 19  
15 +For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc
20 20  
21 -= 2.  Development Guide =
22 22  
18 += Advance =
23 23  
24 -For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
20 +== SSH Access for Linux console ==
25 25  
22 +Connect the HP0C Ethernet port to your router and HP0C will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router’s management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the HP0C. You can use this IP to connect the SSH access of HP0C.
26 26  
27 -== 2.1  How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
24 +IP address:  IP address of HP0C
28 28  
26 +Port:         22
29 29  
30 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package**(%%) ===
28 +User Name:      **root**
31 31  
30 +Password:  **draginohp** (default)
32 32  
33 -**Requirements:**
32 +After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
34 34  
35 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)**
36 36  
37 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)**
35 +== How to burn from SD card to eMMC ==
38 38  
39 -
40 -**Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)**
41 -
42 -
43 -[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
44 -
45 -
46 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
47 -
48 -
49 -**After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:**
50 -
51 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd:  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c**
52 -
53 -
54 -The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
55 -
56 -[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
57 -
58 -
59 -
60 -When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-*.deb(%%) **package is generated.
61 -
62 -[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
63 -
64 -
65 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
66 -
67 -
68 -**Run command:**
69 -
70 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg -i draginofwd-*.deb **
71 -
72 -
73 -[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
74 -
75 -
76 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4. Test**(%%) ===
77 -
78 -
79 -**Check the dragino_fwd log:**
80 -
81 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
82 -
83 -
84 -[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png||height="182" width="931"]]
85 -
86 -
87 -**Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:**
88 -
89 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl start draginofwd**
90 -
91 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl stop draginofwd**
92 -
93 -
94 -== 2.2  How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
95 -
96 -== 2.3  How to flash SD card to (eMMC) device's built-in Memory ==
97 -
98 -=== 2.3.1 Prepare an SD card with OS ===
99 -
100 -
101 - (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**Preparations:**//
102 -
103 -//1. Prepare an SD card and a card reader device//
104 -
105 -//2. Formatting the SD card (Make sure the SD card is empty)//
106 -
107 -3. //Download the OS image from the **[[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]**: ( File format **dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img** )//
108 -
109 -4. //A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from **[[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]]** )//
110 -
111 -5. //SD Card **[[formatter>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]]**//
112 -
113 -
114 -==== Step 1.  Formatting the SD Card ====
115 -
116 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
117 -
118 -
119 -==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
120 -
121 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
122 -
123 -
124 -==== Step 3. Select the target ====
125 -
126 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
127 -
128 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
129 -
130 -
131 -==== Step 4. Flash start ====
132 -
133 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
134 -
135 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
136 -
137 -
138 -
139 -=== 2.3.2 Flash SD card to device's eMMC ===
140 -
141 -
142 -//1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot//
143 -
144 -//2. After the device is powered on, use the serial port or gateway ip address to access the CLI of the gateway.//
145 -
146 -//3. Login and run the below command to flash.//
147 -
148 -
149 -//The following are two methods for accessing the gateway CLI~://
150 -
151 -
152 -**Method1. Use the serial port USB to access the gateway CLI**
153 -
154 -//For more information about how to access gateway using  serial USB, see this link~://
155 -
156 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H6.HowuserscanaccessLPS8-V2usingserialUSB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H6.HowuserscanaccessLPS8-V2usingserialUSB]]
157 -
158 -
159 -**Method2. Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
160 -
161 -//Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.//
162 -
163 -
164 -IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
165 -
166 -Port:  22
167 -
168 -User Name:      (% style="color:blue" %)**root**
169 -
170 -Password:         (% style="color:blue" %)**dragino**(%%) (default)
171 -
172 -//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
173 -
174 -
175 -[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png||height="225" width="634"]]
176 -
177 -
178 -**Run command:**
179 -
180 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**nand-sata-install**
181 -
182 -
183 183  [[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
184 184  
185 -
186 -
187 -Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".**
188 -
189 189  [[image:image-20220602112058-2.png||height="292" width="646"]]
190 190  
191 -
192 192  [[image:image-20220602112106-3.png||height="301" width="643"]]
193 193  
194 -
195 -
196 -Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"1  ext4"**
197 -
198 198  [[image:image-20220602112113-4.png||height="271" width="642"]]
199 199  
200 -
201 -
202 -It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
203 -
204 204  [[image:image-20220602112119-5.png||height="309" width="641"]]
205 205  
206 -
207 207  [[image:image-20220602112125-6.png||height="281" width="640"]]
208 208  
209 -
210 210  [[image:image-20220602112131-7.png||height="241" width="638"]]
211 211  
51 +== How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
212 212  
213 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.**
53 +=== Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package ===
214 214  
215 215  
216 -== 2.4 Default Built Version ==
56 +Run command clone dragino-fwd package:
217 217  
218 -
219 -[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
220 -
221 -
222 -== 2.5 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
223 -
224 -
225 -By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
226 -
227 -[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
228 -
229 -**If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.**
230 -
231 -
232 -#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
233 -
234 -[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png||height="89" width="689"]]
235 -
236 236  (% class="box infomessage" %)
237 237  (((
238 -**npm install -g n**
60 +git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git
239 239  )))
240 240  
63 +[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
241 241  
242 -#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
243 243  
244 -[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png||height="184" width="893"]]
66 +=== Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd ===
245 245  
246 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
247 -(((
248 -**n lts**
249 -)))
250 250  
69 +After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
251 251  
252 -#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
253 -
254 -[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png||height="139" width="899"]]
255 -
256 256  (% class="box infomessage" %)
257 257  (((
258 -**n prune**
73 +Compile HP0D/rasspberrypi fwd：  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh d
74 +Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd：  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
259 259  )))
260 260  
77 +The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
261 261  
262 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
263 -(((
264 -**apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot**
265 -)))
79 +[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
266 266  
267 267  
268 -Check the current version
82 +**When the compilation is complete a draginofwd-*.deb package is generated.**
269 269  
270 -[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
84 +[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
271 271  
272 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
273 -(((
274 -**node -v**
275 -)))
276 276  
87 +=== Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd ===
277 277  
278 -== 2.6 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
279 279  
90 +Run command:
280 280  
281 -=== **Grafana:** ===
282 -
283 -
284 284  (% class="box infomessage" %)
285 285  (((
286 -curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
287 -echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
288 -apt update && apt install grafana
94 +dpkg -i draginofwd-*.deb
289 289  )))
290 290  
97 +[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
291 291  
292 -Check the running status:
293 293  
100 +=== Step 4. Test ===
294 294  
295 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
296 -(((
297 -systemctl status grafana-server
298 -)))
299 299  
103 +Check the dragino_fwd log:
300 300  
301 -configuration path:
302 -
303 -
304 304  (% class="box infomessage" %)
305 305  (((
306 -/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
107 +journalctl -u draginofwd -f
307 307  )))
308 308  
110 +[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png||height="182" width="931"]]
309 309  
310 -=== **Influxdb:** ===
112 +Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
311 311  
312 -
313 313  (% class="box infomessage" %)
314 314  (((
315 -curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
316 -echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
317 -apt update && apt install influxdb
116 +systemctl start draginofwd
117 +systemctl stop draginofwd
318 318  )))
319 319  
320 320  
321 -Check the running status:
322 -
323 -
324 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
325 -(((
326 -systemctl status influxdb
327 -)))
328 -
329 -
330 -configuration path:
331 -
332 -
333 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
334 -(((
335 -/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
336 -)))
337 -
338 -
339 -= 3.  Package Management =
340 -
341 -== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
342 -
343 -=== 3.1.1  How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
344 -
345 -
346 -By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates. 
347 -
348 -
349 -(% style="color:blue" %)**When devices will check for updates**?
350 -
351 -* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
352 -* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
353 -
354 -(% style="color:blue" %)**What packages will be checked for updates**?
355 -
356 -dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
357 -
358 -dragino-sid  ~-~- SN write and read tool
359 -
360 -dragino-ui  ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
361 -
362 -draginofwd   ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
363 -
364 -draginoups   ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
365 -
366 -
367 -
368 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Location and changelog for packages**:
369 -
370 -* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
371 -* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
372 -
373 -(% style="color:blue" %)**How to view auto-updated log**
374 -
375 -You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)**System ~-~-> Package Management.**
376 -
377 -
378 -[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
379 -
380 -
381 -
382 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Can I disable package-auto-update?**
383 -
384 -You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %)** ‘SAVE’ **(%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
385 -
386 -
387 -[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
388 -
389 -
390 -=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
391 -
392 -
393 -You can click the (% style="color:red" %)**‘Manual Update’**(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
394 -
395 -
396 -[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
397 -
398 -
399 -=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
400 -
401 -
402 -For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
403 -
404 -
405 -== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
406 -
407 -=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
408 -
409 -
410 -Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
411 -
412 -
413 -=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
414 -
415 -
416 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install apache2**
417 -
418 -
419 -=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
420 -
421 -
422 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)**
423 -
424 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)**
425 -
426 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)**
427 -
428 -
429 -**Tree Structure:**
430 -
431 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.**
432 -
433 -
434 -└── debian
435 -
436 - └── release
437 -
438 - ├── dists
439 -
440 - │   └── stable
441 -
442 - │       └── main
443 -
444 - │           └── binary-armhf
445 -
446 - └── pool
447 -
448 - └── main
449 -
450 - └── d
451 -
452 - └── dragino   ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.**
453 -
454 -
455 -=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
456 -
457 -
458 -The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in** (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
459 -
460 -Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
461 -
462 -
463 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)**
464 -
465 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
466 -
467 -
468 -=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
469 -
470 -
471 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/**
472 -
473 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages**
474 -
475 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages | gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz**
476 -
477 -
478 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.**
479 -
480 -
481 -=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
482 -
483 -
484 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Create the generated script:**(%%) ====
485 -
486 -
487 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
488 -
489 -
490 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]**
491 -
492 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**chmod + x ./generate-release.sh**
493 -
494 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**./generate-release.sh > Release**
495 -
496 -
497 -=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
498 -
499 -
500 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Make sure auto-update server has gnupg**(%%) ====
501 -
502 -
503 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install gnupg**
504 -
505 -
506 -
507 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**generate gpg key**(%%) ====
508 -
509 -
510 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg -gen-key**
511 -
512 -
513 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.**
514 -
515 -
516 -
517 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Check the gen-key**(%%) ====
518 -
519 -
520 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gen -list-key**
521 -
522 -
523 -
524 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the release.gpg**(%%) ====
525 -
526 -
527 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
528 -
529 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release**
530 -
531 -
532 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release**
533 -
534 -
535 -
536 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the public key**(%%) ====
537 -
538 -
539 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>**
540 -
541 -
542 -**example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export **[[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
543 -
544 -
545 -
546 -=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
547 -
548 -
549 -
550 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the public key**(%%) ====
551 -
552 -
553 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/**
554 -
555 -
556 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.**
557 -
558 -
559 -
560 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the apt source list**(%%) ====
561 -
562 -
563 -Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
564 -
565 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list**
566 -
567 -
568 -
569 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Validate the apt repository**(%%) ====
570 -
571 -
572 -Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
573 -
574 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt update && apt install testing**
575 -
576 -
577 -Example output:
578 -
579 -[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
580 -
581 -
582 -=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
583 -
584 -
585 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Remove dragino apt source**(%%) ====
586 -
587 -
588 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**/etc/apt/sources.list**
589 -
590 -
591 -[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
592 -
593 -
594 -
595 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set up automatic updates**(%%) ====
596 -
597 -
598 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates**
599 -
600 -
601 -The device performs automatic updates from this script,
602 -
603 -But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
604 -
605 -
606 -[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
607 -
608 -
609 609  
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