Changes for page Armbian OS instruction

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/02/26 08:18
<
From version < 73.1 >
edited by Xiaoye
on 2022/09/19 10:44
To version < 120.1 >
edited by Xiaoye
on 2024/11/07 10:11
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... ... @@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
15 15  * LPS8v2
16 16  * MS20
17 17  
18 +(% style="display:none" %)
18 18  
20 +
19 19  = 2.  Development Guide =
20 20  
21 21  
... ... @@ -22,11 +22,9 @@
22 22  For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
23 23  
24 24  
25 -
26 26  == 2.1  How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
27 27  
28 28  
29 -
30 30  === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package**(%%) ===
31 31  
32 32  
... ... @@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
43 43  [[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
44 44  
45 45  
46 -
47 47  === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
48 48  
49 49  
... ... @@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
63 63  [[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
64 64  
65 65  
66 -
67 67  === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
68 68  
69 69  
... ... @@ -75,7 +75,6 @@
75 75  [[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
76 76  
77 77  
78 -
79 79  === (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4. Test**(%%) ===
80 80  
81 81  
... ... @@ -94,93 +94,374 @@
94 94  (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl stop draginofwd**
95 95  
96 96  
97 -
98 98  == 2.2  How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
99 99  
100 100  
101 -== 2.3  How to flash SD card to (eMMC) device's built-in Memory ==
97 +**2.2.1 Prepare a USB flash drive/SD card and plug it into the USB port of the gateway.**
102 102  
103 103  
104 -=== 2.3.1 Prepare an SD card with OS ===
100 +**2.2.2 Mounting a USB Flash Drive/SD Card in the Linux CLI**
105 105  
106 106  
107 - (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**Preparations:**//
103 +(% id="cke_bm_13244S" style="display:none" %) [[image:image-20241107100929-2.png||height="208" width="669"]]
108 108  
109 -~1. Prepare an SD card and a// card reader device//
105 +mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/
110 110  
111 -2. Formatting the SD card (//Make sure the SD card is empty//)
112 112  
113 -3. //Download the OS image from the **[[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]**: ( File format **dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img** )//
108 +**2.2.3 Using the dd command, copy Emmc as an img file**
114 114  
115 -4. //A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from **[[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]]** )//
116 116  
111 +[[image:image-20241107100901-1.png||height="269" width="994"]]
117 117  
118 118  
119 -=== 2.3.2 Flash SD card to device's eMMC ===
114 +dd if=/dev/mmcblk2 of=/mnt/custom.img bs=1M count=3686 status=progress
120 120  
121 121  
122 -//1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot//
117 +**2.2.4 Export the img file and follow the steps in 2.3 for burning**
123 123  
124 -//2. Power on the device and access the gateway's CLI via the serial port.//
125 125  
126 -//3. Login and run the below command to flash.//
127 127  
121 +== 2.3  How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
128 128  
123 +
124 +Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
125 +
126 +
127 +//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
128 +
129 +//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
130 +
131 +//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
132 +
133 +//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
134 +
135 +
136 +==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//Preparations~://**(%%) ====
137 +
138 +1. Prepare an SD card
139 +1. Prepare a card reader device
140 +1. Download the OS image from the release.image~: **[[draginolps8v2-release-v1.7>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]**
141 +1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
142 +1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
143 +
144 +=== **2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image** ===
145 +
146 +
147 +==== Step 1.  Formatting the SD Card ====
148 +
149 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
150 +
151 +
152 +==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
153 +
154 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
155 +
156 +
157 +==== Step 3. Select the target ====
158 +
159 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
160 +
161 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
162 +
163 +
164 +==== Step 4. Flash start ====
165 +
166 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
167 +
168 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
169 +
170 +
171 +
172 +=== **2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway** ===
173 +
174 +1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
175 +
176 +[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
177 +
178 +
179 +2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
180 +
181 +[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png||height="649" width="832"]]
182 +
183 +
184 +Note: The PWR LED on red
185 +
186 + The  LAN LED blink
187 +
188 + The SYS LED on red
189 +
190 +
191 +
192 +=== **3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card(LPS8v2)** ===
193 +
194 +
195 +Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
196 +
197 +
198 +* **Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
199 +
200 +Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
201 +
202 +
203 +IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
204 +
205 +Port:  22
206 +
207 +User Name:      (% style="color:blue" %)**root**
208 +
209 +Password:         (% style="color:blue" %)**dragino**(%%) (default)
210 +
211 +//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
212 +
213 +
214 +[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png||height="225" width="634"]]
215 +
216 +
129 129  **Run command:**
130 130  
131 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**nand-sata-install**
219 +draginolps8v2-release-chirpsrtack-v1.7-240725 image :
132 132  
221 +(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-ChirpStack-240725-1.img **
133 133  
134 -[[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
223 +draginolps8v2-release-ttnstack-v1.7-240712 image :
135 135  
225 +(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.img**
136 136  
227 +[[image:image-20241008091850-2.png]]
137 137  
138 -Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".**
229 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Note: After the flash is completed, please power off the device (run the command halt) and disconnect the power supply, and then unplug the SD card.**
139 139  
140 -[[image:image-20220602112058-2.png||height="292" width="646"]]
141 141  
232 +=== **3.2.4 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card(MS48-LR)** ===
142 142  
143 -[[image:image-20220602112106-3.png||height="301" width="643"]]
144 144  
235 +Download the OS image from the release.image~: **[[MS48-LR-image>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ug25bbwyk6gnqjnsee2m1/dragino-MS48-LR-231124.rar?rlkey=bqva7hkeft0m3haiui5uj12sv&st=ii6mp2g7&dl=0]]**
145 145  
146 146  
147 -Select the (% style="color:red" %)**"1  ext4"**
238 +Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
148 148  
149 -[[image:image-20220602112113-4.png||height="271" width="642"]]
240 +* **Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
150 150  
242 +Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
151 151  
244 +IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
152 152  
246 +Port:  22
247 +
248 +User Name:      **root**
249 +
250 +Password:         **dragino** (default)
251 +
252 +//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
253 +
254 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20230508155357-1.png?rev=1.1&width=634&height=225||alt="image-20230508155357-1.png" height="225" width="634"]]
255 +
256 +**Run command:**
257 +
258 +**nand-sata-install**
259 +
260 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112051-1.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602112051-1.png"]]
261 +
262 +Select the **"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".**
263 +
264 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112058-2.png?rev=1.1&width=646&height=292||alt="image-20220602112058-2.png" height="292" width="646"]]
265 +
266 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112106-3.png?rev=1.1&width=643&height=301||alt="image-20220602112106-3.png" height="301" width="643"]]
267 +
268 +Select the **"1  ext4"**
269 +
270 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112113-4.png?rev=1.1&width=642&height=271||alt="image-20220602112113-4.png" height="271" width="642"]]
271 +
153 153  It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
154 154  
155 -[[image:image-20220602112119-5.png||height="309" width="641"]]
274 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112119-5.png?rev=1.1&width=641&height=309||alt="image-20220602112119-5.png" height="309" width="641"]]
156 156  
276 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112125-6.png?rev=1.1&width=640&height=281||alt="image-20220602112125-6.png" height="281" width="640"]]
157 157  
158 -[[image:image-20220602112125-6.png||height="281" width="640"]]
278 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/downloadrev/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/WebHome/image-20220602112131-7.png?rev=1.1&width=638&height=241||alt="image-20220602112131-7.png" height="241" width="638"]]
159 159  
280 +**Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.**
160 160  
161 -[[image:image-20220602112131-7.png||height="241" width="638"]]
162 162  
283 +== 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
163 163  
164 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.**
165 165  
286 +Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
166 166  
167 167  
168 -== 2.4 Default Built Version ==
289 +=== 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
169 169  
291 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
292 +(((
293 +fdisk -l
294 +)))
170 170  
296 +[[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
297 +
298 +
299 +=== 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
300 +
301 +
302 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
303 +(((
304 +df -h
305 +)))
306 +
307 +[[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
308 +
309 +
310 +=== 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
311 +
312 +
313 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
314 +(((
315 +mkdir /mnt/sd
316 +
317 +mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
318 +)))
319 +
320 +After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
321 +
322 +[[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
323 +
324 +
325 +If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
326 +
327 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
328 +(((
329 +mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
330 +)))
331 +
332 +== 2.5 Default Built Version ==
333 +
334 +
171 171  [[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
172 172  
173 173  
338 +== 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
174 174  
175 -= 3. Package Maintain Note =
176 176  
341 +By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
177 177  
178 -== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
343 +[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
179 179  
345 +**If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.**
180 180  
181 -=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
182 182  
348 +#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
183 183  
350 +[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png||height="89" width="689"]]
351 +
352 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
353 +(((
354 +**npm install -g n**
355 +)))
356 +
357 +
358 +#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
359 +
360 +[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png||height="184" width="893"]]
361 +
362 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
363 +(((
364 +**n lts**
365 +)))
366 +
367 +
368 +#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
369 +
370 +[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png||height="139" width="899"]]
371 +
372 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
373 +(((
374 +**n prune**
375 +)))
376 +
377 +
378 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
379 +(((
380 +**apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot**
381 +)))
382 +
383 +
384 +Check the current version
385 +
386 +[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
387 +
388 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
389 +(((
390 +**node -v**
391 +)))
392 +
393 +
394 +== 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
395 +
396 +
397 +=== **Grafana:** ===
398 +
399 +
400 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
401 +(((
402 +curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
403 +echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
404 +apt update && apt install grafana
405 +)))
406 +
407 +
408 +Check the running status:
409 +
410 +
411 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
412 +(((
413 +systemctl status grafana-server
414 +)))
415 +
416 +
417 +configuration path:
418 +
419 +
420 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
421 +(((
422 +/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
423 +)))
424 +
425 +
426 +=== **Influxdb:** ===
427 +
428 +
429 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
430 +(((
431 +curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
432 +echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
433 +apt update && apt install influxdb
434 +)))
435 +
436 +
437 +Check the running status:
438 +
439 +
440 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
441 +(((
442 +systemctl status influxdb
443 +)))
444 +
445 +
446 +configuration path:
447 +
448 +
449 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
450 +(((
451 +/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
452 +)))
453 +
454 +
455 += 3.  Package Management =
456 +
457 +== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
458 +
459 +=== 3.1.1  How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
460 +
461 +
184 184  By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates. 
185 185  
186 186  
... ... @@ -189,7 +189,6 @@
189 189  * Devices will check for updates for every boot.
190 190  * Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
191 191  
192 -
193 193  (% style="color:blue" %)**What packages will be checked for updates**?
194 194  
195 195  dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
... ... @@ -209,7 +209,6 @@
209 209  * Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
210 210  * Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
211 211  
212 -
213 213  (% style="color:blue" %)**How to view auto-updated log**
214 214  
215 215  You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)**System ~-~-> Package Management.**
... ... @@ -227,7 +227,6 @@
227 227  [[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
228 228  
229 229  
230 -
231 231  === 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
232 232  
233 233  
... ... @@ -237,7 +237,6 @@
237 237  [[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
238 238  
239 239  
240 -
241 241  === 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
242 242  
243 243  
... ... @@ -244,10 +244,8 @@
244 244  For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
245 245  
246 246  
247 -
248 248  == 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
249 249  
250 -
251 251  === 3.2.1 Overview ===
252 252  
253 253  
... ... @@ -254,7 +254,6 @@
254 254  Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
255 255  
256 256  
257 -
258 258  === 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
259 259  
260 260  
... ... @@ -261,7 +261,6 @@
261 261  (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install apache2**
262 262  
263 263  
264 -
265 265  === 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
266 266  
267 267  
... ... @@ -298,7 +298,6 @@
298 298   └── dragino   ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.**
299 299  
300 300  
301 -
302 302  === 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
303 303  
304 304  
... ... @@ -312,7 +312,6 @@
312 312  **~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
313 313  
314 314  
315 -
316 316  === 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
317 317  
318 318  
... ... @@ -326,7 +326,6 @@
326 326  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.**
327 327  
328 328  
329 -
330 330  === 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
331 331  
332 332  
... ... @@ -343,11 +343,9 @@
343 343  (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**./generate-release.sh > Release**
344 344  
345 345  
346 -
347 347  === 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
348 348  
349 349  
350 -
351 351  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Make sure auto-update server has gnupg**(%%) ====
352 352  
353 353  
... ... @@ -430,7 +430,6 @@
430 430  [[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
431 431  
432 432  
433 -
434 434  === 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
435 435  
436 436  
... ... @@ -456,3 +456,6 @@
456 456  
457 457  
458 458  [[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
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