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Changes for page Armbian OS instruction

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/02/26 08:18
From version 114.1
edited by Xiaoye
on 2024/10/31 14:19
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 9.1
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2022/05/27 15:48
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20220527154811-5.png", version {1}

Summary

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Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
1 +XWiki.Kilight
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1 -**Table of Contents：**
2 -
1 +{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
3 3  {{toc/}}
3 +{{/box}}
4 4  
5 += Overview =
5 5  
6 -
7 -
8 -= 1.  Overview =
9 -
10 -
11 11  This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
12 12  
13 13  * HP0A
14 14  * HP0C
15 15  * LPS8v2
16 -* MS20
17 17  
18 -(% style="display:none" %)
19 19  
14 += Development Guide =
20 20  
21 -= 2.  Development Guide =
16 +For advance users to develop Driver/ Linux etc
22 22  
18 +== How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
23 23  
24 -For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
25 25  
26 26  
27 -== 2.1  How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
28 -
29 -
30 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package**(%%) ===
31 -
32 -
33 -**Requirements:**
34 -
35 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)**
36 -
37 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)**
38 -
39 -
40 -**Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)**
41 -
42 -
43 -[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
44 -
45 -
46 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
47 -
48 -
49 -**After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:**
50 -
51 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd:  ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c**
52 -
53 -
54 -The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
55 -
56 -[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
57 -
58 -
59 -
60 -When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-*.deb(%%) **package is generated.
61 -
62 -[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png||height="385" width="773"]]
63 -
64 -
65 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd**(%%) ===
66 -
67 -
68 -**Run command:**
69 -
70 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg -i draginofwd-*.deb **
71 -
72 -
73 -[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
74 -
75 -
76 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4. Test**(%%) ===
77 -
78 -
79 -**Check the dragino_fwd log:**
80 -
81 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
82 -
83 -
84 -[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png||height="182" width="931"]]
85 -
86 -
87 -**Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:**
88 -
89 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl start draginofwd**
90 -
91 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**systemctl stop draginofwd**
92 -
93 -
94 -== 2.2  How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
95 -
96 -
97 -**2.2.1 Prepare a USB flash drive/SD card and plug it into the USB port of the gateway.**
98 -
99 -
100 -
101 -
102 -**2.2.2 Mounting a USB Flash Drive/SD Card in the Linux CLI**
103 -
104 -
105 -
106 -
107 -**2.2.3 Using the dd command, copy Emmc as an img file**
108 -
109 -
110 -dd if=/etc/sidmem of=/dev/mmcblk2p2 bs=1M count=1
111 -
112 -
113 -
114 -**2.2.4 Export the img file and follow the steps in 2.3 for burning**
115 -
116 -
117 -== 2.3  How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
118 -
119 -
120 -Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
121 -
122 -
123 -//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
124 -
125 -//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
126 -
127 -//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
128 -
129 -//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
130 -
131 -
132 -==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//Preparations~://**(%%) ====
133 -
134 -1. Prepare an SD card
135 -1. Prepare a card reader device
136 -1. Download the OS image from the release.image~: **[[draginolps8v2-release-v1.7>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]**
137 -1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
138 -1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
139 -
140 -=== **2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image** ===
141 -
142 -
143 -==== Step 1.  Formatting the SD Card ====
144 -
145 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
146 -
147 -
148 -==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
149 -
150 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
151 -
152 -
153 -==== Step 3. Select the target ====
154 -
155 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
156 -
157 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
158 -
159 -
160 -==== Step 4. Flash start ====
161 -
162 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
163 -
164 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
165 -
166 -
167 -
168 -=== **2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway** ===
169 -
170 -1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
171 -
172 -[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
173 -
174 -
175 -2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
176 -
177 -[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png||height="649" width="832"]]
178 -
179 -
180 -Note: The PWR LED on red
181 -
182 - The  LAN LED blink
183 -
184 - The SYS LED on red
185 -
186 -
187 -
188 -=== **3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card** ===
189 -
190 -
191 -Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
192 -
193 -
194 -* **Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI**
195 -
196 -Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
197 -
198 -
199 -IP address:  IP address of gateway or **Fallback IP**(172.31.255.254)
200 -
201 -Port:  22
202 -
203 -User Name:      (% style="color:blue" %)**root**
204 -
205 -Password:         (% style="color:blue" %)**dragino**(%%) (default)
206 -
207 -//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
208 -
209 -
210 -[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png||height="225" width="634"]]
211 -
212 -
213 -**Run command:**
214 -
215 -draginolps8v2-release-chirpsrtack-v1.7-240725 image :
216 -
217 -(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-ChirpStack-240725-1.img **
218 -
219 -draginolps8v2-release-ttnstack-v1.7-240712 image :
220 -
221 -(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %)** flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.img**
222 -
223 -[[image:image-20241008091850-2.png]]
224 -
225 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Note: After the flash is completed, please power off the device (run the command halt) and disconnect the power supply, and then unplug the SD card.**
226 -
227 -
228 -== 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
229 -
230 -
231 -Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
232 -
233 -
234 -=== 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
235 -
236 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
237 -(((
238 -fdisk -l
239 -)))
240 -
241 -[[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
242 -
243 -
244 -=== 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
245 -
246 -
247 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
248 -(((
249 -df -h
250 -)))
251 -
252 -[[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
253 -
254 -
255 -=== 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
256 -
257 -
258 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
259 -(((
260 -mkdir /mnt/sd
261 -
262 -mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
263 -)))
264 -
265 -After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
266 -
267 -[[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
268 -
269 -
270 -If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
271 -
272 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
273 -(((
274 -mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
275 -)))
276 -
277 -== 2.5 Default Built Version ==
278 -
279 -
280 -[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
281 -
282 -
283 -== 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
284 -
285 -
286 -By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
287 -
288 -[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
289 -
290 -**If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.**
291 -
292 -
293 -#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
294 -
295 -[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png||height="89" width="689"]]
296 -
297 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
298 -(((
299 -**npm install -g n**
300 -)))
301 -
302 -
303 -#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
304 -
305 -[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png||height="184" width="893"]]
306 -
307 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
308 -(((
309 -**n lts**
310 -)))
311 -
312 -
313 -#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
314 -
315 -[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png||height="139" width="899"]]
316 -
317 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
318 -(((
319 -**n prune**
320 -)))
321 -
322 -
323 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
324 -(((
325 -**apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot**
326 -)))
327 -
328 -
329 -Check the current version
330 -
331 -[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
332 -
333 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
334 -(((
335 -**node -v**
336 -)))
337 -
338 -
339 -== 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
340 -
341 -
342 -=== **Grafana:** ===
343 -
344 -
345 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
346 -(((
347 -curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
348 -echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
349 -apt update && apt install grafana
350 -)))
351 -
352 -
353 -Check the running status:
354 -
355 -
356 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
357 -(((
358 -systemctl status grafana-server
359 -)))
360 -
361 -
362 -configuration path:
363 -
364 -
365 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
366 -(((
367 -/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
368 -)))
369 -
370 -
371 -=== **Influxdb:** ===
372 -
373 -
374 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
375 -(((
376 -curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key | gpg ~-~-dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
377 -echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
378 -apt update && apt install influxdb
379 -)))
380 -
381 -
382 -Check the running status:
383 -
384 -
385 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
386 -(((
387 -systemctl status influxdb
388 -)))
389 -
390 -
391 -configuration path:
392 -
393 -
394 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
395 -(((
396 -/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
397 -)))
398 -
399 -
400 -= 3.  Package Management =
401 -
402 -== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
403 -
404 -=== 3.1.1  How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
405 -
406 -
407 -By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates. 
408 -
409 -
410 -(% style="color:blue" %)**When devices will check for updates**?
411 -
412 -* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
413 -* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
414 -
415 -(% style="color:blue" %)**What packages will be checked for updates**?
416 -
417 -dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
418 -
419 -dragino-sid  ~-~- SN write and read tool
420 -
421 -dragino-ui  ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
422 -
423 -draginofwd   ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
424 -
425 -draginoups   ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
426 -
427 -
428 -
429 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Location and changelog for packages**:
430 -
431 -* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
432 -* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
433 -
434 -(% style="color:blue" %)**How to view auto-updated log**
435 -
436 -You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)**System ~-~-> Package Management.**
437 -
438 -
439 -[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
440 -
441 -
442 -
443 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Can I disable package-auto-update?**
444 -
445 -You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %)** ‘SAVE’ **(%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
446 -
447 -
448 -[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
449 -
450 -
451 -=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
452 -
453 -
454 -You can click the (% style="color:red" %)**‘Manual Update’**(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
455 -
456 -
457 -[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
458 -
459 -
460 -=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
461 -
462 -
463 -For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
464 -
465 -
466 -== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
467 -
468 -=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
469 -
470 -
471 -Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
472 -
473 -
474 -=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
475 -
476 -
477 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install apache2**
478 -
479 -
480 -=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
481 -
482 -
483 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)**
484 -
485 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)**
486 -
487 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)**
488 -
489 -
490 -**Tree Structure:**
491 -
492 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.**
493 -
494 -
495 -└── debian
496 -
497 - └── release
498 -
499 - ├── dists
500 -
501 - │   └── stable
502 -
503 - │       └── main
504 -
505 - │           └── binary-armhf
506 -
507 - └── pool
508 -
509 - └── main
510 -
511 - └── d
512 -
513 - └── dragino   ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.**
514 -
515 -
516 -=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
517 -
518 -
519 -The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in** (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
520 -
521 -Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
522 -
523 -
524 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)**
525 -
526 -**~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)**
527 -
528 -
529 -=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
530 -
531 -
532 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/**
533 -
534 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages**
535 -
536 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages | gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz**
537 -
538 -
539 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.**
540 -
541 -
542 -=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
543 -
544 -
545 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Create the generated script:**(%%) ====
546 -
547 -
548 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
549 -
550 -
551 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]**
552 -
553 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**chmod + x ./generate-release.sh**
554 -
555 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**./generate-release.sh > Release**
556 -
557 -
558 -=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
559 -
560 -
561 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Make sure auto-update server has gnupg**(%%) ====
562 -
563 -
564 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt install gnupg**
565 -
566 -
567 -
568 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**generate gpg key**(%%) ====
569 -
570 -
571 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg -gen-key**
572 -
573 -
574 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.**
575 -
576 -
577 -
578 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Check the gen-key**(%%) ====
579 -
580 -
581 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gen -list-key**
582 -
583 -
584 -
585 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the release.gpg**(%%) ====
586 -
587 -
588 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable**
589 -
590 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release**
591 -
592 -
593 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release**
594 -
595 -
596 -
597 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Generate the public key**(%%) ====
598 -
599 -
600 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>**
601 -
602 -
603 -**example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export **[[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
604 -
605 -
606 -
607 -=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
608 -
609 -
610 -
611 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the public key**(%%) ====
612 -
613 -
614 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/**
615 -
616 -
617 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.**
618 -
619 -
620 -
621 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Add the apt source list**(%%) ====
622 -
623 -
624 -Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
625 -
626 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list**
627 -
628 -
629 -
630 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Validate the apt repository**(%%) ====
631 -
632 -
633 -Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
634 -
635 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**apt update && apt install testing**
636 -
637 -
638 -Example output:
639 -
640 -[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
641 -
642 -
643 -=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
644 -
645 -
646 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Remove dragino apt source**(%%) ====
647 -
648 -
649 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**/etc/apt/sources.list**
650 -
651 -
652 -[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
653 -
654 -
655 -
656 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set up automatic updates**(%%) ====
657 -
658 -
659 -(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)**Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates**
660 -
661 -
662 -The device performs automatic updates from this script,
663 -
664 -But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
665 -
666 -
667 -[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
668 -
669 -
670 670  
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