LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

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= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node ==

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LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**outdoor data logging **(%%)and powered by (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Li/SOCl2 battery**(%%) for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.

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It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**(%%) uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**ultra-low-power**(%%) STM32L072xxxx microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0 crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a 32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192 Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

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LSN50 is an (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**open source product**(%%), it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.

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[[image:1656294562709-486.png]]

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== 1.2 Specifications ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Micro Controller:**

* MCU: STM32L072xxxx

* Flash: 128KB

* RAM: 20KB

* EEPROM: 6KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

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* Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~~ 3.6v

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* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

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* I/O pins: Refer to [[STM32L072 datasheet>>https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32l072cz.pdf]]

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

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* Frequency Range,

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** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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* or

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** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

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* 168 dB maximum link budget.

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* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

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* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

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* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

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* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

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* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity.

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* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

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* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz .

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* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

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* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

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* Preamble detection.

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* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

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* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

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* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

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* LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

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* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

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* Capacity: 4000mAh

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* Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

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* Max continuously current: 130mA

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* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

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* STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v

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* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C

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* STM32L072xxxx MCU

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* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

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* Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2

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* MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE

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* I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2

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* 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC

* 20xDigital I/Os

* LoRa™ Modem

* Preamble detection

* Baud rate configurable

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* CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865

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* EU868/AS923/AU915/MA869

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* Open-source hardware / software

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* Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz

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* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

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* Ultra-Low Power consumption

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use.

== 1.4 Applications ==

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

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* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

== 1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch ==

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[[image:1656295519542-152.png||height="413" width="728"]]

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[[image:1656295532863-613.png||height="371" width="721"]]

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[[image:image-20220627101527-1.png]]

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=== 1.5.1 Jumper JP2 ===

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Power on Device when put this jumper.

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=== 1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 ===

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~1. ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware. LED won't work. Firmware won't run.

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2. Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug

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=== 1.5.3 Reset Button ===

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Press to reboot the device.

=== 1.5.4 LED ===

It will flash:

~1. When boot the device in flash mode

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2. Send an uplink packet

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== 1.6 Hardware Change log ==

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Hardware version is marked in the PCB.**

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2.1:**

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1. Change R14 to 1M ohm

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1. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20 connection.

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1. Add ESD to each I/O

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2.0:**

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* Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1.3**:

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* Add P-MOS to control 5V output

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1.2**:

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* Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit

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* Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST

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* Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)

== 1.7 Hole Option ==

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The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:

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[[image:image-20220627104757-1.png]]

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[[image:1656298089706-973.png]]

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= 2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware =

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== 2.1 How it works ==

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The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.

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The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.8.0):

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[[image:image-20220823174408-9.png||height="890" width="657"]]

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In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands>>||anchor="H3.A0UsingtheATCommands"]] to set the keys in the LSN50.

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== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

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Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN V3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

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(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:1655891470063-521.png]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656298385089-555.png]]

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(% _mstmutation="1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/||_mstmutation="1"]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN V3 server.(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.

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Each LSN50is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

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**Register the device：**

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**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI：**

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**Add APP EUI in the application：**

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(% _mstaria-label="1002768" aria-label="image-20220611161308-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-5.png||data-widget="image" height="601" width="742"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP KEY**

(% _mstaria-label="1003132" aria-label="image-20220611161308-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-6.png||data-widget="image" height="485" width="744"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**:** Power on LSN50

337

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Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.(% style="display:none" %)

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[[image:image-20220627145643-5.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="display:none" %)

**For LSn50v2:**

[[image:1656313034748-905.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN V3 and you can see the messages in the panel.

)))

)))

(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656312908855-552.png]]

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(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

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(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% _mstaria-label="548795" aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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== 2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload ==

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LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to different working modes.

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For example:

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(% _mstmutation="1" style="color:red" %)**AT+MOD=2 **(%%) ~/~/ will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.

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(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**

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~1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923 frequency bands' definition has maximum 11 bytes in **DR0**. Server sides will see NULL payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.

393

394

2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.

395

396

3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.

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=== 2.3.1 MOD~=1 (Default Mode) ===

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In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.

405

406

407

[[image:image-20220627171207-27.png]]

408

409

410

[[image:image-20220627150949-6.png]]

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=== 2.3.2 MOD~=2 (Distance Mode) ===

415

416

417

This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11 bytes. The 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes is for the distance.

418

419

[[image:image-20220627180835-31.png]]

420

421

422

[[image:1656324539647-568.png]]

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:**

427

428

429

[[image:1656324581381-162.png]]

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:**

434

435

436

[[image:1656324598488-204.png]]

For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:

441

442

443

[[image:image-20220628083801-1.png]]

444

445

446

[[image:1656376779088-686.png]]

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to [[TF-Mini plus>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5c345cd0e5b3a844c472329b.html]] LiDAR(UART version):**

451

452

453

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

454

455

456

[[image:1656376795715-436.png]]

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to [[TF-Luna>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5e1c1fd04d839408076b6255.html]] LiDAR (UART version):**

461

462

463

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

464

465

466

[[image:1656376865561-355.png]]

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Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power consumption.

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=== 2.3.3 MOD~=3 (3 ADC + I2C) ===

475

476

477

This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C

478

479

[[image:image-20220628085009-2.png]]

480

481

482

[[image:1656377431497-975.png]]

483

484

485

=== 2.3.4 MOD~=4 (3 x DS18B20) ===

486

487

488

This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1. Software set to AT+MOD=4

489

490

Hardware connection is as below,

491

492

(% style="color:red" %)**( Note:**

493

494

* In hardware version v1.x and v2.0 , R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k ohm to support the other 2 x DS18B20 probes.

495

* In hardware version v2.1 no need to change R3 , R4, by default, they are 4.7k ohm already.

496

497

See [[here>>||anchor="H1.6A0HardwareChangelog" _mstmutation="1"]] for hardware changelog. (% style="color:red" %)**) **

498

499

[[image:1656377461619-156.png]]

500

501

502

This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:

503

504

[[image:image-20220628085248-3.png]]

505

506

507

[[image:1656377606181-607.png]]

508

509

510

=== 2.3.5 MOD~=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) ===

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This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so user no need to use extra LDO for connection.

)))

[[image:1656378224664-860.png]]

520

521

522

Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:

523

524

1. Zero calibration. Don't put anything on load cell and run **AT+WEIGRE** to calibrate to Zero gram.

525

1. Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run **AT+WEIGAP** to adjust the Calibration Factor.

526

1. (((

527

Remove the limit of plus or minus 5Kg in mode 5, and expand from 2 bytes to 4 bytes, the unit is g.(Since v1.8.0)

)))

For example:

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+WEIGAP =403.0**

533

534

Response: Weight is 401 g

535

536

537

Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.

538

539

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:480px" %)

540

|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((

**Size(bytes)**

[[image:image-20220820120036-2.png||height="469" width="1003"]]

546

547

548

=== 2.3.6 MOD~=6 (Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) ===

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In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins and sends the count on TDC time.

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Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.

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[[image:1656378351863-572.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to avoid this happen.

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)))

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:410px" %)

576

577

|(% style="width:80px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.4.1BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

578

[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>||anchor="H2.4.2Temperature28DS18B2029"]]

579

)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>||anchor="H2.4.4AnalogueDigitalConverter28ADC29"]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in>>||anchor="H2.4.3DigitalInput"]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Count

580

581

[[image:1656378441509-171.png]]

582

583

584

=== 2.3.7 MOD~=7 Three interrupt contact modes (the hardware version needs to support three interrupt versions, Since firmware v1.8.0) ===

585

586

587

[[image:image-20220820140109-3.png]]

588

589

590

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

591

|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((

**Size(bytes)**

Digital in

& Digital Interrupt1(PB14)

598

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)Digital Interrupt2(PB15)|(% style="width:159px" %)Digital Interrupt3(PA4)|(% style="width:159px" %)Reserved

=== 2.3.8 MOD~=8 （3ADC+1DS18B20, Since firmware v1.8.0） ===

603

604

605

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:480px" %)

606

|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((

607

**Size(bytes)**

608

609

|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:46px" %)BAT|(% style="width:123px" %)Temperature(DS18B20)|(% style="width:108px" %)(((

610

ADC1(PA0)

611

)))|(% style="width:133px" %)(((

612

Digital in

613

614

& Digital Interrupt(PB14)

615

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)(((

616

ADC2(PA1)

617

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)(((

ADC3(PA4)

)))

[[image:image-20220823164903-2.png]]

622

623

624

=== 2.3.9 MOD~=9 3DS18B20+ two Interrupt count mode (the hardware version needs to support 3 interrupt versions, Since firmware v1.8.0) ===

625

626

627

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:520px" %)

628

|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((

629

**Size(bytes)**

630

631

|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:46px" %)BAT|(% style="width:123px" %)(((

632

Temperature1(PB3)

633

)))|(% style="width:108px" %)(((

634

Temperature2(PA9)

635

)))|(% style="width:133px" %)(((

636

Digital in

637

638

& Digital Interrupt(PA4)

639

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)(((

640

Temperature3(PA10)

641

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)(((

642

Count1(PB14)

643

)))|(% style="width:159px" %)(((

Count2(PB15)

)))

(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H" %)

648

[[image:image-20220823165322-3.png]]

649

650

651

(% style="color:blue" %)**The newly added AT command is issued correspondingly:**

652

653

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+INTMOD1**(%%) (% style="background-color:yellow" %)** PB14**(%%) pin： Corresponding downlink: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**06 00 00 xx**

654

655

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+INTMOD2**(%%) (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**PB15**(%%) pin： Corresponding downlink:** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)06 00 01 xx(%%)**

656

657

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+INTMOD3** (%%) (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**PA4** (%%) pin： Corresponding downlink: ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)06 00 02 xx(%%)**

658

659

660

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SETCNT=aa,bb**

661

662

When AA is 1, set the count of PB14 pin to BB Corresponding downlink：09 01 bb bb bb bb

663

664

When AA is 2, set the count of PB15 pin to BB Corresponding downlink：09 02 bb bb bb bb

665

666

667

=== 2.3.10 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

668

669

670

While using TTN V3 network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

671

672

673

[[image:1656378466788-734.png]]

(((

The payload decoder function for TTN V3 are here:

)))

(((

LSN50 TTN V3 Payload Decoder: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]

)))

== 2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==

686

687

=== 2.4.1 Battery Info ===

(((

Check the battery voltage for LSN50.

)))

(((

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

)))

(((

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

)))

=== 2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) ===

704

705

706

If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.

707

708

More DS18B20 can check the [[3 DS18B20 mode>>||anchor="2.3.4MOD3D4283xDS18B2029"]]

709

710

711

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Connection:**

712

713

[[image:1656378573379-646.png]]

714

715

716

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Example**:

717

718

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & 8000 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

719

720

If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & 8000 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

721

722

（FF3F & 8000：Judge whether the highest bit is 1, when the highest bit is 1, it is negative）

723

724

725

=== 2.4.3 Digital Input ===

726

727

728

The digital input for pin PA12,

729

730

* When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.

731

* When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.

=== 2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) ===

(((

The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~~Vbat, it use reference voltage from STM32. If user need to measure a voltage > VBat, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than VBat, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.

740

741

Note: minimum VBat is 2.5v, when batrrey lower than this value. Device won't be able to send LoRa Uplink.

)))

(((

The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.

)))

(((

Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,

)))

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Example1:** (%%) Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):

)))

[[image:image-20220627172409-28.png]]

761

762

763

In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.

764

765

766

(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps:**

767

768

1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.

769

1. Screw oil sensor's two pins to PA0 and PB4.

770

771

The equipment circuit is as below:

772

773

774

[[image:image-20220627172500-29.png]]

775

776

777

According to above diagram:

778

779

[[image:image-20220628091043-4.png]]

So

[[image:image-20220628091344-6.png]]

784

785

786

[[image:image-20220628091621-8.png]] is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v

787

788

789

The [[image:image-20220628091702-9.png]] 4.5K ohm

790

791

Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~~ 70cm.

792

793

794

The position of Bouy is [[image:image-20220628091824-10.png]] , from the bottom of Bouy.

795

796

797

=== 2.4.5 Digital Interrupt ===

798

799

800

Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Interrupt connection method:**

805

)))

806

807

[[image:1656379178634-321.png]]

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Example to use with door sensor : (Requires firmware > 1.5.1)**

)))

(((

The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire magnetic contact switch used for detecting the open/close status of doors or windows.

817

)))

818

819

[[image:1656379210849-860.png]]

(((

When the two pieces are close to each other, the 2 wire output will be short or open (depending on the type), while if the two pieces are away from each other, the 2 wire output will be the opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt interface to detect the status for the door or window.

)))

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Below is the installation example:**

)))

(((

Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as follows:

)))

* (((

One pin to LSN50's PB14 pin

837

)))

838

* (((

839

The other pin to LSN50's VCC pin

)))

(((

Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed, the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.

)))

(((

Door sensors have two types: ** (% style="color:#4472c4" %)NC (Normal close)(%%)** and (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**NO (normal open)**(%%). The connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.

)))

(((

When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.

)))

[[image:1656379283019-229.png]]

(((

The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.

)))

(((

(((

The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v ~-~-> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC ~-~-> 0v , door open) as the interrupt.

)))

)))

(((

The command is:

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="color:blue" %)**AT+INTMOD=1 **(% _mstmutation="1" %)** **(%%)~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer(% _mstmutation="1" %)** **(%%)[[**AT Command Manual**>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.5.1.pdf||_mstmutation="1"]](% _mstmutation="1" %)**. **(%%))

)))

(((

Below shows some screen captures in TTN V3:

)))

[[image:1656379339508-835.png]]

886

887

888

In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN V3 decoder is as below:

889

890

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";

891

892

893

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3**(%%) (produced before 2018-Nov).

894

895

In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.

896

897

[[image:1656379563303-771.png]]

898

899

900

=== 2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) ===

(((

The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C device and get the sensor data.

)))

(((

We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+MOD=1 (default value).**

909

910

Notice: Different I2C sensors have different I2C commands set and initiate process, if user want to use other I2C sensors, User need to re-write the source code to support those sensors. SHT20 code in LSN50 will be a good reference.

)))

(((

Below is the connection to SHT20/ SHT31. The connection is as below:

)))

[[image:image-20220902163605-2.png]]

919

920

921

The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.

922

923

924

[[image:1656379664142-345.png]]

925

926

Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.

927

928

929

(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**

930

931

Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;

932

933

Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%

934

935

936

If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.

937

938

939

=== 2.4.7 Distance Reading ===

940

941

942

Refer [[Ultrasonic Sensor section>>||anchor="H2.4.8UltrasonicSensor"]].

943

944

945

=== 2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor ===

(((

The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208 from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link: [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU~~_~~__SEN0208>>url:https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208]]

)))

(((

The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.

)))

(((

The picture below shows the connection:

960

)))

961

962

[[image:1656380061365-178.png]]

963

964

965

Connect to the LSN50 and run (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).

966

967

The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ byte for the measurement value.

968

969

970

(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**

971

972

Distance: Read: 0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm

973

974

975

[[image:1656384895430-327.png]]

976

977

978

[[image:1656384913616-455.png]]

979

980

981

You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:

982

983

[[image:1656384939855-223.png]]

984

985

986

**In TTN V3 server:**

987

988

989

[[image:1656384961830-307.png]]

990

991

992

[[image:1656384973646-598.png]]

993

994

995

=== 2.4.9 Battery Output - VDD pin ===

996

997

998

The VDD pin of LSN50v2 is connected to the Battery directly. If users want to use VDD pin to power an external sensor. User need to make sure the external sensor is of low power consumption. Because the VDD pin is always open. If the external sensor is of high power consumption. the battery of LSN50v2 will run out very soon.

999

1000

1001

=== 2.4.10 +5V Output ===

1002

1003

1004

Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

(((

Since firmware (% style="color:red" %)**v1.6.3**(%%), The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

)))

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+5VT=1000**

)))

(((

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

)))

(((

By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

)))

=== 2.4.11 Weigh Sensor HX711 ===

1026

1027

1028

Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.

1029

1030

1031

=== 2.4.12 BH1750 Illumination Sensor ===

1032

1033

1034

Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes.

1035

1036

1037

[[image:image-20220628110012-11.jpeg]]

1038

1039

1040

[[image:image-20220628110012-12.png]]

1041

1042

1043

=== 2.4.13 Working MOD ===

(((

The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7^^th^^ Byte).

)))

(((

User can use the 3^^rd^^ ~~ 7^^th^^ bit of this byte to see the working mod:

)))

(((

Case 7^^th^^ Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:

)))

* 0: MOD1

* 1: MOD2

* 2: MOD3

* 3: MOD4

* 4: MOD5

* 5: MOD6

== 2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink ==

(((

User can configure LSN50 via [[AT Commands >>||anchor="H3.A0UsingtheATCommands"]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

)))

(((

There are two kinds of Commands:

1076

)))

1077

1078

* (% _mstmutation="1" style="color:blue" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||_mstmutation="1"]]

1079

1080

* (% style="color:blue" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see these commands below:

=== 2.5.1 Common Commands: ===

1085

1086

1087

They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]

1088

1089

1090

=== 2.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===

1091

1092

1093

(% style="color:blue" %)**Set work mode:**

1094

1095

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1096

1097

(((

1098

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+MOD=2 **(%%) ~/~/ Set work MOD =2. (1: IIC mode, 2: Distance mode, 3: 3ADC mode, 4: 3DS18B20 mode, 5: weight mode)

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+MOD=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current work MOD

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1107

1108

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x0A aa** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+MOD=aa

(% style="color:blue" %)**Set the trigger interrupt mode:**

1113

1114

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1115

1116

(((

1117

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+INTMOD=2** (%%) ~/~/ Set INTMOD =2. (0: Disable, 1:falling or rising, 2: falling, 3: rising)

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+INTMOD=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current INTMOD

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1126

1127

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x06 000003** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+INTMOD=3

(% style="color:blue" %)**Set the 5V power open time during sampling:**

1132

1133

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1134

1135

(((

1136

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+5VT=1000** (%%) ~/~/ Set 5v open time to 1000ms

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+5VT=?** (%%) ~/~/ Check current 5v open duration

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1145

1146

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x07 aa bb** (%%) ~/~/ Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)

(% style="color:blue" %)**Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)：**

1151

1152

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1153

1154

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGRE** ** **(%%)** **~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

1155

1156

1157

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1158

1159

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x08 01** (%%) ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

(% style="color:blue" %)**Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement：**

1164

1165

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1166

1167

(((

1168

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGAP=403.0** (%%) ~/~/ Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGAP=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current GAP Value

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1177

1178

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x08 02 aa bb** (%%) ~/~/ Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10

(% style="color:blue" %)**Encrypt upload：**

1183

1184

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1185

1186

(((

1187

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DECRYPT=1** (%%) ~/~/ The payload is uploaded without encryption

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DECRYPT=0** (%%) ~/~/ Encrypt when uploading payload (default)

)))

(% style="color:blue" %)**Get data：**

1197

1198

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1199

1200

(((

1201

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+GETSENSORVALUE=0** (%%) ~/~/ The serial port gets the reading of the current sensor

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+GETSENSORVALUE=1** (%%) ~/~/ The serial port gets the current sensor reading and uploads it.

(% style="color:blue" %)**Resets the downlink packet count：**

1210

1211

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1212

1213

(((

1214

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DISFCNTCHECK=0**(% _mstmutation="1" %)** **(%%) ~/~/(% _mstmutation="1" %)** **(%%)When the downlink packet count sent by the server is less than the node downlink packet count or exceeds 16384, the node will no longer receive downlink packets (default)

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DISFCNTCHECK=1** (%%) ~/~/ When the downlink packet count sent by the server is less than the node downlink packet count or exceeds 16384, the node resets the downlink packet count and keeps it consistent with the server downlink packet count

)))

(% style="color:blue" %)**When the limit bytes are exceeded, upload in batches：**

1224

1225

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1226

1227

(((

1228

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DISMACANS=0**(%%) ~/~/ When the MACANS of the reply server plus the payload exceeds the maximum number of bytes of 11 bytes (DR0 of US915, DR2 of AS923, DR2 of AU195), the node will send a packet with a payload of 00 and a port of 4. (default)

)))

(((

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DISMACANS=1** (%%) ~/~/ When the MACANS of the reply server plus the payload exceeds the maximum number of bytes of the DR, the node will ignore the MACANS and not reply, and only upload the payload part.

1233

)))

1234

1235

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

1236

1237

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

1238

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x21 00 01 ** (%%) ~/~/ Set the DISMACANS=1

(% style="color:blue" %)**Copy downlink to uplink：**

1243

1244

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1245

1246

(((

1247

(% _mstmutation="1" style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RPL=5**(%%) ~/~/ After receiving the package from the server, it will immediately upload the content of the package to the server, the port number is 100.

1248

)))

1249

1250

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

1251

Example：(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**aa xx xx xx xx** (%%) ~/~/ aa indicates whether the configuration has changed, 00 is yes, 01 is no; xx xx xx xx are the bytes sent.

1252

1253

1254

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

1255

[[image:image-20220823173747-6.png||height="165" width="1124"]]

1256

1257

**For example, sending 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 will return invalid configuration 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77.**

[[image:image-20220823173833-7.png||height="149" width="1124"]]

1262

1263

**For example, if 01 00 02 58 is issued, a valid configuration of 01 01 00 02 58 will be returned.**

(% style="color:blue" %)**Query version number and frequency band 、TDC：**

1268

1269

* (((

1270

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink: 26 01 **(%%) ~/~/ Downlink 26 01 can query device upload frequency, frequency band, software version number, TDC time.

)))

**Example：**

[[image:image-20220823173929-8.png||height="76" width="1205"]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Add rejoin feature if device offline：**

1281

1282

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

1283

1284

**AT+DDETECT=<Flag>,<ACK_Timout_1>,<ACK_Timout_2> (Default Value: AT+DDETECT=1,1440,2880)**

1285

1286

(% style="color:red" %)**Flag:** (%%) 1 Enable online detect，0: Disable online detect

1287

1288

(% style="color:red" %)**ACK_Timout_1:**(%%) Unit: min

1289

1290

(% style="color:red" %)**ACK_Timout_2:**(%%) Unit: min

1291

1292

1293

**Example: AT+DDETECT=1,1440,2880**

1294

1295

Enable Online Detect, if end node doesn't receive any downlink within ACK_Timout_1( 1440 minutes or 24 hours). End node will use confirmed uplink to send packets during ACK_Timout_1 (the 24th hour) to ACK_Timout_2 ( the 48th hour).

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If from the 24th to 48th hour, end node got an downlink from server, it will switch back to unconfirmed uplink. end node will restart ACK_Timout_1.

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If from the 24th to 48th hour, end node still not got any downlink, means device doesn't get ACK in 48 hours. Device will process rejoin, rejoin request interval is AT+RJTDC period. For AU915/ US915, device will use the sub-band used for last join.

* (((

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink: 0x32 01 05A0 0B40 **

0x01 : Flag

0x05A0: ACK_Timout_1

0x0B40: ACK_Timout_2

)))

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

1316

(% style="color:blue" %)**Add new feature to control NBTrans for unconfirmed uplink mode：**

1317

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)** AT+SETMAXNBTRANS=value1,value2 **(%%)** **~/~/ NBTrans specified how many re-transmission for each packet. If LoRaWAN LinkADR from server set NBTrans to high value. The battery will consume fast.

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**AT+SETMAXNBTRANS=value1,value2 Default Value: AT+SETMAXNBTRANS=1,0**

1323

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(% style="color:red" %)**value1:** (%%) Set max NBTrans. For example, if value1(NBTrans)=1, end node set NBTrans max to 1 , even downlink LinkADR request end node to set NBTrans to higher value such as 6.

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(% style="color:red" %)**value2:** (%%) 0: uplink fcnt doesn't change for each NBTrans; 1: uplink fcnt increase by 1 for each NBTrans.

1327

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set value2 to 1 for Chirpstack server, because Chirpstack will ignore same FCNT in re-transmission.

1329

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**Example: AT+SETMAXNBTRANS=2,1**

1332

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Set max NBTrans to 2, fcnt will increase +1 for each NBTrans

* (((

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink: 0x33 02 01**

value1=0x02

)))

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

value2=0x01

== 2.6 Show Data in Datacake IoT Server ==

(((

Datacake provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

)))

(((

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%)**:** Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**:** To configure the Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. To add the Datacake integration, perform the following steps:

)))

[[image:1656385623971-339.png]]

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[[image:1656385646347-395.png]]

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[[image:1656385662459-942.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**: **Create an account or log in Datacake.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4**(%%)**:** Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.

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[[image:1656385688973-317.png]]

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== 2.7 Firmware Change Log ==

(((

**Firmware download: ** [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/9k0a6sn8a94dc03/AAD54woDmnmAMUMY2WfKfjxoa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9k0a6sn8a94dc03/AAD54woDmnmAMUMY2WfKfjxoa?dl=0]]

)))

(((

**Firmware Change Log: **[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/9k0a6sn8a94dc03/AAD54woDmnmAMUMY2WfKfjxoa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9k0a6sn8a94dc03/AAD54woDmnmAMUMY2WfKfjxoa?dl=0]]

)))

== 2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor ==

(((

User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor.

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

)))

1. (((

VDD is 2.5~~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50 uA) to get a long battery life.

1410

)))

1411

1. (((

1412

+5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. [[See here for more info>>||anchor="H2.4.10A02B5VOutput"]].

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of sensor.**

)))

== 2.9 Battery Analysis ==

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=== 2.9.1 Battery Type ===

(((

The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.

)))

(((

The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.

)))

(((

The battery related documents as below:

1436

)))

1437

1438

* [[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],

1439

* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/||_mstmutation="1"]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/||_mstmutation="1"]]

1440

* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

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[[image:image-20220627175349-30.png]]

1443

1444

1445

=== 2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze ===

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When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor working. User can remove the ON/OFF Jumper of LSN50, and connect a multimeter between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit multimeter is required to measure this level of current.

1449

1450

(((

1451

A victor VC86E is recommended.

1452

)))

1453

1454

[[image:1656323400306-359.png]]

(((

In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power consumption includes:

)))

(((

)))

(((

~1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~~ 5uA

)))

(((

2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor

)))

* (((

Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA

1475

)))

1476

* (((

1477

DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA

1478

)))

1479

* (((

1480

Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.

)))

(((

3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power can be found in the [[LoRa calculator tool>>url:https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/SX1272LoRaCalculatorSetup1_1.zip]].

)))

(((

In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:

)))

[[image:1656323450362-299.png]]

(((

In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:

1498

)))

1499

1500

1. Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway

1501

1. Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway

1502

1503

(% style="color:blue" %)**Low Power Case**:

1504

1505

* Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm

1506

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1507

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1508

1509

(% style="color:blue" %)**High Power Case**:

1510

1511

* Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm

1512

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1513

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1514

1515

To simplify the calculation, we can:

1516

1517

* Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**751ms@8.64ma**

1518

1519

* Combine the two RX windows together.

1520

1521

There is a [[power consumption tool>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=Battery_Calculator_v1.0.xlsx]] for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.

1522

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1524

[[image:1656323531520-949.png]]

1525

1526

1527

[[image:1656323549994-233.png]]

1528

1529

1530

(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.**

1531

1532

1533

=== 2.9.3 Battery Note ===

(((

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

)))

=== 2.9.4 Replace the battery ===

(((

You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won't be voltage drop between battery and main board.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 3. Using the AT Commands =

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1555

== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==

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1557

1558

LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.

1559

1560

1561

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1 UART connection photo**

1562

1563

[[image:image-20220627165424-24.png||height="495" width="486"]]

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2 UART connection photo**

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[[image:image-20220627165424-25.png||height="437" width="894"]]

(((

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSN50. LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:

)))

[[image:image-20220627165531-26.png||height="624" width="893"]](% style="display:none" %)

1579

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1581

== 3.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==

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1583

=== 3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===

(((

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device has not joined network via OTAA:**

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FDR**

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM=0**

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**

)))

(((

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device already joined network:**

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM=0**

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**

)))

=== 3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) ===

1617

1618

1619

See [[Sect 6.7>>||anchor="H6.7A0HowtoconfiguretheEUIkeysinLSN503F"]]

1620

1621

1622

= 4. Upload Firmware =

1623

1624

1625

(% style="color:red" %)**Notes**:

1626

1627

* Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn't show version info, you may have a very old image version.

1628

* Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.

1629

If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will be kept after running AT+FDR.

1630

Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.

== 4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port ==

1635

1636

1637

The LSN50's AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1638

1639

1640

[[image:image-20220627163506-18.png||height="426" width="418"]]

1641

1642

1643

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%)**:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

1644

1645

1646

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)**:** Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/g99v0fxcltn9r1y/AADnMzn1IN0LssOQNHlvooTta/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-v2/Firmware/LSN50.hex?dl=0&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]].

1647

1648

1649

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3**(%%)**: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update

1650

1651

1652

[[image:image-20220627163821-19.png]]

1653

1654

1655

[[image:image-20220627163930-20.png||height="450" width="751"]]

1656

1657

1658

[[image:image-20220627164030-21.png||height="459" width="750"]]

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4**(%%)**: **Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.

)))

(((

The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.

)))

== 4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 ==

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1673

You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1674

1675

1676

[[image:1656319349131-664.png]]

1677

1678

1679

(% style="color:blue" %)**Connection:**

1680

1681

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 GND <~-~-> LSN50 GND**

1682

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <~-~-> LSN50 PA14**

1683

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <~-~-> LSN50 PA13**

1684

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 RST <~-~-> LSN50 NRST**

1685

1686

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1:**(%%) Install [[ST-LINK driver>>url:https://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html]] first and then install [[ST-LINK Utility>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/stsw-link004.html]]

1687

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%): Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

1690

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1692

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%)** **Open ST-LINK utility, (% style="color:blue" %)**file ~-~-> open file**(%%) to select the image to be upgraded.

1693

1694

1695

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:**(%%)** **Click the “(% style="color:blue" %)**Program Verify**”(%%) button on ST-LINK.

1696

1697

1698

[[image:image-20220627164303-22.png]]

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:**(%%)** **The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can't establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.**

)))

[[image:image-20220627164303-23.png]]

1712

1713

1714

= 5. Developer Guide =

* (((

Software Source Code Download : [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

1719

)))

1720

* (((

1721

Hardware Source Code Download: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

)))

(((

LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized applications. User can get the source code from:

)))

* (((

Software Source Code: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN||_mstmutation="1"]]

1730

)))

1731

* (((

1732

Hardware Design files: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>url:https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

1733

)))

1734

* (((

1735

Compile instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20~~-~~-%20STM32/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20--%20STM32/]]

)))

(((

Use Keil to open project file:

)))

(((

STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDK-ARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx

)))

(((

)))

(((

In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.

1752

)))

1753

1754

[[image:image-20220627162417-15.png]]

1755

1756

1757

**~1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.**

1758

1759

1760

For example, change EU868 to US915

1761

1762

[[image:1656318662202-530.png]]

1763

1764

1765

**2. Compile and build**

1766

1767

[[image:image-20220627163212-17.png]]

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? ==

(((

Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for best tune of the LoRa hardware part.

)))

== 6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? ==

1781

1782

1783

Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working frequency and recommend bands for each model:

1784

1785

[[image:image-20220627155456-9.png]]

1786

1787

1788

== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1789

1790

1791

You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.7200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].

1792

When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

1793

1794

1795

== 6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? ==

(((

(((

The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and we do not provide further software development support on this topic.

)))

(((

In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa Shield will print it to the console.

)))

)))

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LoRa Shield + UNO**:

1811

1812

Use the [[LoRa Library>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]] and upload the [[LoRa Receive>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]] Sketch to Arduino.

1813

1814

1815

Refs: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/u9s41qdx5yujwcb/AAAT5r4QkMaeOogWrzJt7Wn4a?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/u9s41qdx5yujwcb/AAAT5r4QkMaeOogWrzJt7Wn4a?dl=0]]

1816

1817

1818

Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the frequency 868.3Mhz by default.

1819

1820

1821

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**:

1822

1823

Use the <[[LoRa RAW code>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/LSN50/&file=lora_send.zip]]> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\ Lora.uvprojx

1824

1825

Compile it and Upload it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.

1826

1827

In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.

1828

1829

1830

[[image:image-20220627160116-10.png]]

1831

1832

1833

== 6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode ==

(((

By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.

)))

(((

You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.

)))

(((

)))

(((

For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.

1850

)))

1851

1852

[[image:image-20220627160940-13.png]]

(((

When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:

)))

* (((

903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1861

)))

1862

* (((

1863

904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1864

)))

1865

* (((

1866

904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1867

)))

1868

* (((

1869

904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1870

)))

1871

* (((

1872

904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1873

)))

1874

* (((

1875

904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1876

)))

1877

* (((

1878

905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1879

)))

1880

* (((

1881

905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

)))

* (((

904.6 - SF8BW500

)))

(((

Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**

)))

(((

to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.

)))

(((

The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.

1906

)))

1907

1908

[[image:image-20220627161124-14.png]]

1909

1910

1911

== 6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as LG01/LG02? ==

(((

In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one frequency.

)))

(((

Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Log in TTN V3, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key (NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.

)))

[[image:image-20220627160542-11.png]]

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN V3. You can change them either in TTN V3 or in the Device to make them match. In TTN V3, NETSKEY and APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN V3.**

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN V3 by using the [[The Things Network CLI>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/network/cli/quick-start.html]].**

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2: **(%%)Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode. Below are the AT commands:

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR(%%) ： Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0(%%) ： Set to ABP mode

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+ADR=0(%%) ： Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DR=5(%%) ： Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+TDC=300000(%%) ： Set transmit interval to 5 minutes

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+CHS=868400000(%%) ： Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1(%%) ：Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ(%%) ： Reset MCU

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As shown below:

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[[image:image-20220627160542-12.png]]

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== 6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? ==

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The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn't have pre-configured keys.

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It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys. Refer [[upgrade_image>>||anchor="H2.7200BFirmwareChangeLog"]] to update the firmware to the latest version.

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Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer [[AT Command manual>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.6.3.pdf]].

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= 7. Trouble Shooting =

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== 7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. ==

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(% style="color:red" %)**Issue**(%%): While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several times but most of times it fails.

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(% style="color:green" %)**Checklist**:

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~1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.

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2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in different position. c) check if reset button works.

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3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7 compatibility mode.

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[[image:image-20220627153421-8.png]]

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4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.

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== 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 / AU915 bands? ==

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It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H7.19EightChannelMode"]] section above for details.

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== 7.3 AT Command input doesn't work ==

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In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSN50-XX-YY **(%%)**or (% style="color:blue" %)LSN50-v2-XX-YY-ZZ(%%)**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AS923 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AU915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU433 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU868 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN KR920 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**US915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN US915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN IN865 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN CN470 band

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(% style="color:blue" %)**YY**(%%)**: **Hole Option

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* (% style="color:red" %)**12**(%%): With M12 waterproof cable hole

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* (% style="color:red" %)**16**(%%): With M16 waterproof cable hole

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* (% style="color:red" %)**20**(%%): With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn't have this version)

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* (% style="color:red" %)**NH**(%%): No Hole

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(% style="color:blue" %)**ZZ**(%%)**: **Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)

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* (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): with 4000mAh battery

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* (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): with 8500mAg battery

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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* LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

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**Dimension and weight**:

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* Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm

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* Device Weight: 137g

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* Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm

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* Weight / pcs : 160g

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50 v2**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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* LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

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* External antenna x 1

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* Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)

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**Dimension and weight**:

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* Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm

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* Device Weight: 150g

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* Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm

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* Weight / pcs : 180g

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

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* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].

= 11. References =

* [[Product Page>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html]]

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* [[Data Sheet, Document Base>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/djkxs7mr17y94mi/AABVlWbM9uzK9OA3mXyAT10Za?dl=0]]

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