RS485-LN – RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter

The Dragino RS485-LN is a RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter. It converts the RS485 signal into LoRaWAN wireless signal which simplify the IoT installation and reduce the installation/maintaining cost.

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RS485-LN allows user to monitor / control RS485 devices and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

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For data uplink, RS485-LN sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-LN will process these returns according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server.

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For data downlink, RS485-LN runs in LoRaWAN Class C. When there downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-LN will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices.

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[[image:1653267211009-519.png||height="419" width="724"]]

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== 1.2 Specifications ==

**Hardware System:**

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

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* Power Consumption (exclude RS485 device):

** Idle: 32mA@12v

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** 20dB Transmit: 65mA@12v

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**Interface for Model:**

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* RS485

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* Power Input 7~~ 24V DC.

**LoRa Spec:**

* Frequency Range:

** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

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* 168 dB maximum link budget.

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* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

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* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

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* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

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* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

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* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity.

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* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

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* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.

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* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

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* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

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* Preamble detection.

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* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

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* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

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* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN Class A & Class C protocol (default Class C)

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* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865/RU864

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* Remote configure parameters via LoRa Downlink

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* Firmware upgradable via program port

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* Support multiply RS485 devices by flexible rules

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* Support Modbus protocol

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* Support Interrupt uplink (Since hardware version v1.2)

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== 1.4 Applications ==

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* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

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* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

== 1.5 Firmware Change log ==

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[[RS485-LN Image files – Download link and Change log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/]]

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== 1.6 Hardware Change log ==

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v1.2: Add External Interrupt Pin.

v1.0: Release

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= 2. Power ON Device =

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The RS485-LN can be powered by 7 ~~ 24V DC power source. Connection as below

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* Power Source VIN to RS485-LN VIN+

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* Power Source GND to RS485-LN VIN-

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Once there is power, the RS485-LN will be on.

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[[image:1653268091319-405.png]]

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= 3. Operation Mode =

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== 3.1 How it works? ==

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The RS485-LN is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class C mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, user just need to input the OTAA keys in the network server and power on the RS485-LN. It will auto join the network via OTAA.

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== 3.2 Example to join LoRaWAN network ==

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Here shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 Network. Below is the network structure, we use [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]] as LoRaWAN gateway here.

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[[image:1653268155545-638.png||height="334" width="724"]]

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The RS485-LN in this example connected to two RS485 devices for demonstration, user can connect to other RS485 devices via the same method. The connection is as below:

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485A+ and 485B- of the sensor are connected to RS485A and RA485B of RS485-LN respectively.

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[[image:1653268227651-549.png||height="592" width="720"]]

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The LG308 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>path:eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. So what we need to now is only configure the TTN V3:

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**Step 1**: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from RS485-LN.

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Each RS485-LN is shipped with a sticker with unique device EUI:

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[[image:1652953462722-299.png]]

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User can enter this key in their LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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Add APP EUI in the application.

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[[image:image-20220519174512-1.png]]

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[[image:image-20220519174512-2.png||height="323" width="720"]]

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[[image:image-20220519174512-3.png||height="556" width="724"]]

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[[image:image-20220519174512-4.png]]

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You can also choose to create the device manually.

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[[image:1652953542269-423.png||height="710" width="723"]]

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Add APP KEY and DEV EUI

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[[image:1652953553383-907.png||height="514" width="724"]]

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**Step 2**: Power on RS485-LN and it will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload message to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

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[[image:1652953568895-172.png||height="232" width="724"]]

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== 3.3 Configure Commands to read data ==

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There are plenty of RS485 devices in the market and each device has different command to read the valid data. To support these devices in flexible, RS485-LN supports flexible command set. User can use [[AT Commands>>path:#AT_COMMAND]] or LoRaWAN Downlink Command to configure what commands RS485-LN should send for each sampling and how to handle the return from RS485 devices.

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(% style="color:red" %)Note: below description and commands are for firmware version >v1.1, if you have firmware version v1.0. Please check the [[user manual v1.0>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/&file=RS485-LN_UserManual_v1.0.1.pdf]] or upgrade the firmware to v1.1

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=== 3.3.1 onfigure UART settings for RS485 or TTL communication ===

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RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.

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**~1. RS485-MODBUS mode:**

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AT+MOD=1 ~/~/ Support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.

**2. TTL mode:**

AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.

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RS485-BL default UART settings is **9600, no parity, stop bit 1**. If the sensor has a different settings, user can change the RS485-BL setting to match.

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(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:795px" %)

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**AT Commands**

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**Description**

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**Example**

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AT+BAUDR

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Set the baud rate (for RS485 connection). Default Value is: 9600.

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AT+BAUDR=9600

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Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)

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AT+PARITY

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Set UART parity (for RS485 connection)

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Default Value is: no parity.

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AT+PARITY=0

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Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity

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AT+STOPBIT

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Set serial stopbit (for RS485 connection)

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Default Value is: 1bit.

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AT+STOPBIT=0 for 1bit

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AT+STOPBIT=1 for 1.5 bit

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AT+STOPBIT=2 for 2 bits

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=== 3.3.2 Configure sensors ===

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Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC or through RS485-BL AT Commands (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**.

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When user issue an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) command, Each (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) equals to send a command to the RS485 or TTL sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won’t run during each sampling.

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(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:806px" %)

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|**AT Commands**|(% style="width:418px" %)**Description**|(% style="width:256px" %)**Example**

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|AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:418px" %)(((

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This command is used to configure the RS485/TTL devices; they won’t be used during sampling.

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AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,

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mm: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command

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)))|(% style="width:256px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m

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Detail of AT+CFGDEV command see [[AT+CFGDEV detail>>path:#AT_CFGDEV]].

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=== 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling ===

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RS485-BL is a battery powered device; it will sleep most of time. And wake up on each period and read RS485 / TTL sensor data and uplink.

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During each sampling, we need to confirm what commands we need to send to the sensors to read data. After the RS485/TTL sensors send back the value, it normally includes some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload.

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To save the LoRaWAN network bandwidth, we might need to read data from different sensors and combine their valid value into a short payload.

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This section describes how to achieve above goals.

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During each sampling, the RS485-BL can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads.

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**Command from RS485-BL to Sensor:**

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RS485-BL can send out pre-set max 15 strings via **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF** . All commands are of same grammar.

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**Handle return from sensors to RS485-BL**:

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After RS485-BL send out a string to sensor, RS485-BL will wait for the return from RS485 or TTL sensor. And user can specify how to handle the return, by **AT+DATACUT or AT+SEARCH commands**

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**AT+DATACUT**

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When the return value from sensor have fix length and we know which position the valid value we should get, we can use AT+DATACUT command.

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**AT+SEARCH**

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When the return value from sensor is dynamic length and we are not sure which bytes the valid data is, instead, we know what value the valid value following. We can use AT+SEARCH to search the valid value in the return string.

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**Define wait timeout:**

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Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example, AT+CMDDL1=1000 to send the open time to 1000ms

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After we got the valid value from each RS485 commands, we need to combine them together with the command **AT+DATAUP**.

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**Examples:**

Below are examples for the how above AT Commands works.

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**AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485/TTL devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is:

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(% border="1" class="table-bordered" %)

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**AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**

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**xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent**

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**m: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command**

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For example, if we have a RS485 sensor. The command to get sensor value is: 01 03 0B B8 00 02 46 0A. Where 01 03 0B B8 00 02 is the Modbus command to read the register 0B B8 where stored the sensor value. The 46 0A is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.

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In the RS485-BL, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same.

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**AT+SEARCHx**: This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx.

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(% border="1" class="table-bordered" %)

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**AT+SEARCHx=aa,xx xx xx xx xx**

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* **aa: 1: prefix match mode; 2: prefix and suffix match mode**

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* **xx xx xx xx xx: match string. Max 5 bytes for prefix and 5 bytes for suffix**

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Examples:

1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49

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If we set AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34. (max 5 bytes for prefix)

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The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49

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[[image:1652954654347-831.png]]

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1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49

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If we set AT+SEARCH1=2, 1E 56 34+31 00 49

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Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

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**AT+DATACUTx : **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 45 bytes.

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**AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c**

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* **a: length for the return of AT+COMMAND**

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* **b:1: grab valid value by byte, max 6 bytes. 2: grab valid value by bytes section, max 3 sections.**

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* **c: define the position for valid value. **

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Examples:

* Grab bytes:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

* Grab a section.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]

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* Grab different sections.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]

Note:

AT+SEARCHx and AT+DATACUTx can be used together, if both commands are set, RS485-BL will first process AT+SEARCHx on the return string and get a temporary string, and then process AT+DATACUTx on this temporary string to get the final payload. In this case, AT+DATACUTx need to set to format AT+DATACUTx=0,xx,xx where the return bytes set to 0.

Example:

AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0

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AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34

AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5

Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49

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String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49

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Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

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111. Compose the uplink payload

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Through AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx we got valid value from each RS485 commands, Assume these valid value are RETURN1, RETURN2, .., to RETURNx. The next step is how to compose the LoRa Uplink Payload by these RETURNs. The command is **AT+DATAUP.**

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**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0**

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Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **A SIGNLE UPLINK**.

Final Payload is

Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx

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Where PAYVER is defined by AT+PAYVER, below is an example screen shot.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]

**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1**

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Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **Multiply UPLINKs**.

Final Payload is

Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA

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1. Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage

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1. PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER

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1. PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling.

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1. PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)

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1. DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, [[Notice*!>>path:#max_byte]]) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

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So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink includes 6 bytes DATA

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DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = 20 20 0a 33 90 41

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DATA2=1^^st^^ ~~ 6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= 02 aa 05 81 0a 20

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DATA3=7^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN10 = 20 20 20 2d 30

Below are the uplink payloads:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

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Notice: the Max bytes is according to the max support bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below:

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~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date)

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* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=1, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).

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* For US915 band, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).

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~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date).

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111. Uplink on demand

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Except uplink periodically, RS485-BL is able to uplink on demand. The server sends downlink command to RS485-BL and RS485 will uplink data base on the command.

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Downlink control command:

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[[0x08 command>>path:#downlink_08]]: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.

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[[0xA8 command>>path:#downlink_A8]]: Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.

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111. Uplink on Interrupt

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Put the interrupt sensor between 3.3v_out and GPIO ext.[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

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AT+INTMOD=0 Disable Interrupt

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AT+INTMOD=1 Interrupt trigger by rising or falling edge.

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AT+INTMOD=2 Interrupt trigger by falling edge. ( Default Value)

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AT+INTMOD=3 Interrupt trigger by rising edge.

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11. Uplink Payload

|**Size(bytes)**|**2**|**1**|**Length depends on the return from the commands**

|Value|(((

Battery(mV)

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Interrupt _Flag

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PAYLOAD_VER

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Below is the decoder for the first 3 bytes. The rest bytes are dynamic depends on different RS485 sensors.

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function Decoder(bytes, port) {

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~/~/Payload Formats of RS485-BL Deceive

return {

~/~/Battery,units:V

BatV:((bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1])&0x7fff)/1000,

~/~/GPIO_EXTI

EXTI_Trigger:(bytes[0] & 0x80)? "TRUE":"FALSE",

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~/~/payload of version

Pay_ver:bytes[2],

};

}

TTN V3 uplink screen shot.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

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11. Configure RS485-BL via AT or Downlink

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User can configure RS485-BL via [[AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

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There are two kinds of Commands:

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* **Common Commands**: They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

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* **Sensor Related Commands**: These commands are special designed for RS485-BL. User can see these commands below:

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11.

111. Common Commands:

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They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands]]

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111. Sensor related commands:

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==== Choose Device Type (RS485 or TTL) ====

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RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.

* AT Command

**AT+MOD=1** ~/~/ Set to support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.

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**AT+MOD=2** ~/~/ Set to support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.

* Downlink Payload

**0A aa** à same as AT+MOD=aa

==== [[RS485 Debug Command>>path:#downlink_A8]] (AT+CFGDEV) ====

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This command is used to configure the RS485 or TTL sensors; they won’t be used during sampling.

* AT Command

AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m

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m: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command.

* Downlink Payload

Format: A8 MM NN XX XX XX XX YY

Where:

* MM: 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 0: no CRC

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* NN: The length of RS485 command

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* XX XX XX XX: RS485 command total NN bytes

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* YY: How many bytes will be uplink from the return of this RS485 command, if YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY>0, RS485-BL will uplink total YY bytes from the output of this RS485 command

**Example 1:**

To connect a Modbus Alarm with below commands.

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* The command to active alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 01 4C B0. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 01 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 4C B0 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.

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* The command to deactivate alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 00 8D 70. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 00 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 8D 70 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.

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So if user want to use downlink command to control to RS485 Alarm, he can use:

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**A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**: to activate the RS485 Alarm

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**A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 00 00**: to deactivate the RS485 Alarm

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A8 is type code and 01 means add CRC-16/MODBUS at the end, the 3^^rd^^ byte is 06, means the next 6 bytes are the command to be sent to the RS485 network, the final byte 00 means this command don’t need to acquire output.

**Example 2:**

Check TTL Sensor return:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.png]]

==== Set Payload version ====

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This is the first byte of the uplink payload. RS485-BL can connect to different sensors. User can set the PAYVER field to tell server how to decode the current payload.

* AT Command:

AT+PAYVER: Set PAYVER field = 1

* Downlink Payload:

0xAE 01 à Set PAYVER field = 0x01

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0xAE 0F à Set PAYVER field = 0x0F

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==== Set RS485 Sampling Commands ====

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AT+COMMANDx, AT+DATACUTx and AT+SEARCHx

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These three commands are used to configure how the RS485-BL polling data from Modbus device. Detail of usage please see : [[polling RS485 device>>path:#polling_485]].

* AT Command:

AT+COMMANDx: Configure RS485 read command to sensor.

731

732

AT+DATACUTx: Configure how to handle return from RS485 devices.

733

734

AT+SEARCHx: Configure search command

* Downlink Payload:

0xAF downlink command can be used to set AT+COMMANDx or AT+DATACUTx.

740

741

Note: if user use AT+COMMANDx to add a new command, he also need to send AT+DATACUTx downlink.

742

743

Format: AF MM NN LL XX XX XX XX YY

Where:

* MM: the ATCOMMAND or AT+DATACUT to be set. Value from 01 ~~ 0F,

748

* NN: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 2: set the AT+DATACUT value.

749

* LL: The length of AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command

750

* XX XX XX XX: AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command

751

* YY: If YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY=1, RS485-BL will execute an uplink after got this command.

Example:

**AF 03 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**: Same as AT+COMMAND3=0A 05 00 04 00 01,1

756

757

**AF 03 02 06 10 01 05 06 09 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**16**,**1**,**5+6+9+10**

758

759

**AF 03 02 06 0B 02 05 07 08 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**11**,**2**,**5~~7+8~~10**

760

761

762

0xAB downlink command can be used for set AT+SEARCHx

763

764

Example: **AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx** (03 here means there are total 3 bytes after 03) So

765

766

* AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx same as AT+SEARCHaa=1,xx xx xx

767

* AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy(03 means there are 3 bytes after 03, they are xx xx xx;02 means there are 2 bytes after 02, they are yy yy) so the commands

768

769

**AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy** same as **AT+SEARCHaa=2,xx xx xx+yy yy**

770

771

772

==== Fast command to handle MODBUS device ====

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774

AT+MBFUN is valid since v1.3 firmware version. The command is for fast configure to read Modbus devices. It is only valid for the devices which follow the [[MODBUS-RTU protocol>>url:https://www.modbustools.com/modbus.html]].

775

776

This command is valid since v1.3 firmware version

777

778

779

AT+MBFUN has only two value:

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781

* AT+MBFUN=1: Enable Modbus reading. And get response base on the MODBUS return

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783

AT+MBFUN=1, device can auto read the Modbus function code: 01, 02, 03 or 04. AT+MBFUN has lower priority vs AT+DATACUT command. If AT+DATACUT command is configured, AT+MBFUN will be ignore.

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785

* AT+MBFUN=0: Disable Modbus fast reading.

Example:

* AT+MBFUN=1 and AT+DATACUT1/AT+DATACUT2 are not configure (0,0,0).

790

* AT+COMMAND1= 01 03 00 10 00 08,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 03, start address 00 01, quantity of registers 00 08.

791

* AT+COMMAND2= 01 02 00 40 00 10,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 02, start address 00 40, quantity of inputs 00 10.

792

793

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png]]

794

795

796

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

* Downlink Commands:

A9 aa -à Same as AT+MBFUN=aa

802

803

804

==== RS485 command timeout ====

805

806

Some Modbus device has slow action to send replies. This command is used to configure the RS485-BL to use longer time to wait for their action.

807

808

Default value: 0, range: 0 ~~ 5 seconds

* AT Command:

AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)

Example:

**AT+CMDDL1=1000** to send the open time to 1000ms

* Downlink Payload:

0x AA aa bb cc

Same as: AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)

Example:

0xAA 01 03 E8 à Same as **AT+CMDDL1=1000 ms**

829

830

831

==== [[Uplink>>path:#downlink_A8]] payload mode ====

832

833

Define to use one uplink or multiple uplinks for the sampling.

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835

The use of this command please see: [[Compose Uplink payload>>path:#DataUP]]

* AT Command:

AT+DATAUP=0

AT+DATAUP=1

* Downlink Payload:

0xAD 00 à Same as AT+DATAUP=0

847

848

0xAD 01 à Same as AT+DATAUP=1

849

850

851

==== Manually trigger an Uplink ====

852

853

Ask device to send an uplink immediately.

* Downlink Payload:

0x08 FF, RS485-BL will immediately send an uplink.

858

859

860

==== Clear RS485 Command ====

861

862

The AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx settings are stored in special location, user can use below command to clear them.

* AT Command:

**AT+CMDEAR=mm,nn** mm: start position of erase ,nn: stop position of erase

868

869

Etc. AT+CMDEAR=1,10 means erase AT+COMMAND1/AT+DATACUT1 to AT+COMMAND10/AT+DATACUT10

870

871

Example screen shot after clear all RS485 commands.

The uplink screen shot is:

876

877

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

* Downlink Payload:

0x09 aa bb same as AT+CMDEAR=aa,bb

883

884

885

==== Set Serial Communication Parameters ====

886

887

Set the Rs485 serial communication parameters:

* AT Command:

Set Baud Rate:

AT+BAUDR=9600 ~/~/ Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)

Set UART parity

AT+PARITY=0 ~/~/ Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity

Set STOPBIT

AT+STOPBIT=0 ~/~/ Option: 0 for 1bit; 1 for 1.5 bit ; 2 for 2 bits

* Downlink Payload:

A7 01 aa bb: Same AT+BAUDR=hex(aa bb)*100

Example:

* A7 01 00 60 same as AT+BAUDR=9600

913

* A7 01 04 80 same as AT+BAUDR=115200

914

915

A7 02 aa: Same as AT+PARITY=aa (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)

916

917

A7 03 aa: Same as AT+STOPBIT=aa (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)

918

919

920

==== Control output power duration ====

921

922

User can set the output power duration before each sampling.

* AT Command:

Example:

AT+3V3T=1000 ~/~/ 3V3 output power will open 1s before each sampling.

929

930

AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ +5V output power will open 1s before each sampling.

931

932

933

* LoRaWAN Downlink Command:

934

935

07 01 aa bb Same as AT+5VT=(aa bb)

936

937

07 02 aa bb Same as AT+3V3T=(aa bb)

1.

11. Buttons

|**Button**|**Feature**

946

|**RST**|Reboot RS485-BL

1.

11. +3V3 Output

RS485-BL has a Controllable +3V3 output, user can use this output to power external sensor.

952

953

The +3V3 output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +3V3 output before all sampling and disable the +3V3 after all sampling.

954

955

956

The +3V3 output time can be controlled by AT Command.

**AT+3V3T=1000**

Means set +3v3 valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real +3v3 output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

961

962

963

By default, the AT+3V3T=0. This is a special case, means the +3V3 output is always on at any time

1.

11. +5V Output

RS485-BL has a Controllable +5V output, user can use this output to power external sensor.

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971

The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

972

973

974

The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

**AT+5VT=1000**

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

979

980

981

By default, the AT+5VT=0. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

1.

11. LEDs

|**LEDs**|**Feature**

990

|**LED1**|Blink when device transmit a packet.

1.

11. Switch Jumper

|**Switch Jumper**|**Feature**

996

|**SW1**|(((

997

ISP position: Upgrade firmware via UART

998

999

Flash position: Configure device, check running status.

1000

)))

1001

|**SW2**|(((

1002

5V position: set to compatible with 5v I/O.

1003

1004

3.3v position: set to compatible with 3.3v I/O.,

)))

+3.3V: is always ON

+5V: Only open before every sampling. The time is by default, it is AT+5VT=0. Max open time. 5000 ms.

1. Case Study

User can check this URL for some case studies.

1014

1015

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS]]

1. Use AT Command

11. Access AT Command

1022

1023

RS485-BL supports AT Command set. User can use a USB to TTL adapter plus the 3.5mm Program Cable to connect to RS485-BL to use AT command, as below.

1024

1025

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

1026

1027

1028

In PC, User needs to set **serial tool**(such as [[putty>>url:https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to **9600** to access to access serial console of RS485-BL. The default password is 123456. Below is the output for reference:

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1030

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

More detail AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>path:#AT_COMMAND]]

1.

11. Common AT Command Sequence

1040

111. Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308)

1041

1042

If device has not joined network yet:

AT+FDR

AT+NJM=0

ATZ

If device already joined network:

AT+NJM=0

ATZ

1.

11.

111. Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02)

1060

1061

AT+FDR Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

1062

1063

AT+NJM=0 Set to ABP mode

1064

1065

AT+ADR=0 Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

1066

1067

AT+DR=5 Set Data Rate

1068

1069

AT+TDC=60000 Set transmit interval to 60 seconds

1070

1071

AT+CHS=868400000 Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

1072

1073

AT+RX2FQ=868400000 Set RX2Frequency to 868.4Mhz (according to the result from server)

1074

1075

AT+RX2DR=5 Set RX2DR to match the downlink DR from server. see below

1076

1077

AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1 Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1, this ID can be found in the LoRa Server portal.

ATZ Reset MCU

**Note:**

1. Make sure the device is set to ABP mode in the IoT Server.

1084

1. Make sure the LG01/02 gateway RX frequency is exactly the same as AT+CHS setting.

1085

1. Make sure SF / bandwidth setting in LG01/LG02 match the settings of AT+DR. refer [[this link>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/&file=LoRaWAN%201.0.3%20Regional%20Parameters.xlsx]] to see what DR means.

1086

1. The command AT+RX2FQ and AT+RX2DR is to let downlink work. to set the correct parameters, user can check the actually downlink parameters to be used. As below. Which shows the RX2FQ should use 868400000 and RX2DR should be 5

1087

1088

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

1. FAQ

11. How to upgrade the image?

1093

1094

The RS485-BL LoRaWAN Controller is shipped with a 3.5mm cable, the cable is used to upload image to RS485-BL to:

1095

1096

* Support new features

1097

* For bug fix

1098

* Change LoRaWAN bands.

1099

1100

Below shows the hardware connection for how to upload an image to RS485-BL:

1101

1102

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1103

1104

**Step1:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

1105

1106

**Step2**: Download the [[LT Image files>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LT_LoRa_IO_Controller/LT33222-L/image/]].

1107

1108

**Step3: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update.

|(((

HOLD PRO then press the RST button, SYS will be ON, then click next

)))

|(((

Board detected

)))

|(((

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]

1128

1129

1130

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1.

11. How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?

1135

1136

User can follow the introduction for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#upgrade_image]]. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

1.

11. How many RS485-Slave can RS485-BL connects?

1142

1143

The RS485-BL can support max 32 RS485 devices. Each uplink command of RS485-BL can support max 16 different RS485 command. So RS485-BL can support max 16 RS485 devices pre-program in the device for uplink. For other devices no pre-program, user can use the [[downlink message (type code 0xA8) to poll their info>>path:#downlink_A8]].

1. Trouble Shooting

11. Downlink doesn’t work, how to solve it?

1150

1151

Please see this link for debug:

1152

1153

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug]]

1.

11. Why I can’t join TTN V3 in US915 /AU915 bands?

1159

1160

It might about the channels mapping. Please see for detail.

1161

1162

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band]]

1. Order Info

**Part Number: RS485-BL-XXX**

**XXX:**

* **EU433**: frequency bands EU433

1173

* **EU868**: frequency bands EU868

1174

* **KR920**: frequency bands KR920

1175

* **CN470**: frequency bands CN470

1176

* **AS923**: frequency bands AS923

1177

* **AU915**: frequency bands AU915

1178

* **US915**: frequency bands US915

1179

* **IN865**: frequency bands IN865

1180

* **RU864**: frequency bands RU864

1181

* **KZ865: **frequency bands KZ865

1. Packing Info

**Package Includes**:

1186

1187

* RS485-BL x 1

1188

* Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part x 1

1189

* Program cable x 1

1190

1191

**Dimension and weight**:

1192

1193

* Device Size: 13.5 x 7 x 3 cm

1194

* Device Weight: 105g

1195

* Package Size / pcs : 14.5 x 8 x 5 cm

1196

* Weight / pcs : 170g

1. Support

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1201

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1202

1203

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

Wiki source code of RS485-LN – RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter

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