Last modified by Bei Jinggeng on 2025/01/16 11:36
<
From version < 76.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/10/06 15:44
To version < 103.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2023/04/25 17:54
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20230425175403-1.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -XWiki.Edwin
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Content
... ... @@ -28,55 +28,41 @@
28 28  
29 29  
30 30  
31 -= 1.Introduction =
31 += 1. Introduction =
32 32  
33 -
34 34  == 1.1 What is RS485-LN RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter ==
35 35  
36 -(((
37 -(((
38 -(((
39 -
40 40  
36 +(((
41 41  The Dragino RS485-LN is a (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter**(%%). It converts the RS485 signal into LoRaWAN wireless signal which simplify the IoT installation and reduce the installation/maintaining cost.
42 42  )))
43 -)))
44 44  
45 45  (((
46 -(((
47 47  RS485-LN allows user to (% style="color:blue" %)**monitor / control RS485 devices**(%%) and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.
48 48  )))
49 -)))
50 50  
51 51  (((
52 -(((
53 53  (% style="color:blue" %)**For data uplink**(%%), RS485-LN sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-LN will process these returns according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server.
54 54  )))
55 -)))
56 56  
57 57  (((
58 -(((
59 59  (% style="color:blue" %)**For data downlink**(%%), RS485-LN runs in LoRaWAN Class C. When there downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-LN will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices.
60 60  )))
61 61  
62 62  (((
63 63  (% style="color:blue" %)**Demo Dashboard for RS485-LN**(%%) connect to two energy meters: [[https:~~/~~/app.datacake.de/dashboard/d/58844a26-378d-4c5a-aaf5-b5b5b153447a>>url:https://app.datacake.de/dashboard/d/58844a26-378d-4c5a-aaf5-b5b5b153447a]]
64 -
65 -
66 66  )))
67 -)))
68 -)))
69 69  
56 +
70 70  (% aria-label="1653267211009-519.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1653267211009-519.png||data-widget="image" height="419" width="724"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
71 71  
72 72  
73 -
74 74  == 1.2 Specifications ==
75 75  
76 76  
77 77  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
78 78  
79 -* STM32L072CZT6 MCU
65 +* STM32L072xxxx MCU
80 80  * SX1276/78 Wireless Chip 
81 81  * Power Consumption (exclude RS485 device):
82 82  ** Idle: 32mA@12v
... ... @@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
109 109  * Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC
110 110  
111 111  
98 +
112 112  == 1.3 Features ==
113 113  
114 114  
... ... @@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
122 122  * Support Interrupt uplink (Since hardware version v1.2)
123 123  
124 124  
112 +
125 125  == 1.4 Applications ==
126 126  
127 127  
... ... @@ -133,6 +133,7 @@
133 133  * Smart Factory
134 134  
135 135  
124 +
136 136  == 1.5 Firmware Change log ==
137 137  
138 138  
... ... @@ -139,7 +139,6 @@
139 139  [[RS485-LN Image files – Download link and Change log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/]]
140 140  
141 141  
142 -
143 143  == 1.6 Hardware Change log ==
144 144  
145 145  
... ... @@ -153,7 +153,6 @@
153 153  v1.0: Release
154 154  )))
155 155  
156 -
157 157  
158 158  )))
159 159  )))
... ... @@ -173,13 +173,11 @@
173 173  
174 174  (% aria-label="1653268091319-405.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1653268091319-405.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
175 175  
176 -
177 177  
178 178  )))
179 179  
180 180  = 3. Operation Mode =
181 181  
182 -
183 183  == 3.1 How it works? ==
184 184  
185 185  
... ... @@ -188,7 +188,6 @@
188 188  The RS485-LN is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class C mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, user just need to input the OTAA keys in the network server and power on the RS485-LN. It will auto join the network via OTAA.
189 189  )))
190 190  
191 -
192 192  
193 193  )))
194 194  
... ... @@ -277,7 +277,6 @@
277 277  (% aria-label="1652953568895-172.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1652953568895-172.png||data-widget="image" height="232" width="724"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
278 278  
279 279  
280 -
281 281  == 3.3 Configure Commands to read data ==
282 282  
283 283  
... ... @@ -295,7 +295,6 @@
295 295  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: below description and commands are for firmware version >v1.1, if you have firmware version v1.0. Please check the [[user manual v1.0>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/&file=RS485-LN_UserManual_v1.0.1.pdf]] or upgrade the firmware to v1.1**
296 296  )))
297 297  
298 -
299 299  
300 300  )))
301 301  )))
... ... @@ -305,53 +305,55 @@
305 305  
306 306  To use RS485-LN to read data from RS485 sensors, connect the RS485-LN A/B traces to the sensors. And user need to make sure RS485-LN use the match UART setting to access the sensors. The related commands for UART settings are:
307 307  
308 -
309 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)
310 -|=(% style="width: 110px;" %)(((
290 +(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
291 +|=(% style="width: 126px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
311 311  **AT Commands**
312 -)))|=(% style="width: 190px;" %)(((
293 +)))|=(% style="width: 187px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
313 313  **Description**
314 -)))|=(% style="width: 190px;" %)(((
295 +)))|=(% style="width: 197px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
315 315  **Example**
316 316  )))
317 -|(% style="width:110px" %)(((
298 +|(% style="width:126px" %)(((
299 +
300 +
301 +(((
318 318  AT+BAUDR
319 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
303 +)))
304 +)))|(% style="width:177px" %)(((
320 320  Set the baud rate (for RS485 connection). Default Value is: 9600.
321 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
306 +)))|(% style="width:193px" %)(((
322 322  (((
323 323  AT+BAUDR=9600
324 324  )))
325 325  
326 326  (((
327 -Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)
312 +Options: (1200,2400,4800,
313 +14400,19200,115200)
328 328  )))
329 329  )))
330 -|(% style="width:110px" %)(((
316 +|(% style="width:126px" %)(((
331 331  AT+PARITY
332 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
318 +)))|(% style="width:177px" %)(((
333 333  Set UART parity (for RS485 connection)
334 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
320 +)))|(% style="width:193px" %)(((
335 335  (((
336 336  AT+PARITY=0
337 337  )))
338 338  
339 339  (((
340 -Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity
326 +Option: 0: no parity,
327 +1: odd parity,
328 +2: even parity
341 341  )))
342 342  )))
343 -|(% style="width:110px" %)(((
331 +|(% style="width:126px" %)(((
344 344  AT+STOPBIT
345 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
333 +)))|(% style="width:177px" %)(((
346 346  (((
347 347  Set serial stopbit (for RS485 connection)
348 348  )))
349 -
337 +)))|(% style="width:193px" %)(((
350 350  (((
351 -
352 -)))
353 -)))|(% style="width:190px" %)(((
354 -(((
355 355  AT+STOPBIT=0 for 1bit
356 356  )))
357 357  
... ... @@ -365,20 +365,17 @@
365 365  )))
366 366  
367 367  
352 +
368 368  === 3.3.2 Configure sensors ===
369 369  
370 370  
371 371  (((
372 -(((
373 373  Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC and RS485 adapter or through RS485-LN AT Commands (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%). Each (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV **(%%)equals to send a RS485 command to sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won't run during each sampling.
374 -
375 -
376 376  )))
377 -)))
378 378  
379 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)
380 -|=(% style="width: 110px;" %)**AT Commands**|=(% style="width: 190px;" %)**Description**|=(% style="width: 190px;" %)**Example**
381 -|AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:110px" %)(((
360 +(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
361 +|=(% style="width: 122px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**AT Commands**|=(% style="width: 198px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**Description**|=(% style="width: 190px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**Example**
362 +|(% style="width:122px" %)AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:196px" %)(((
382 382  (((
383 383  This command is used to configure the RS485/TTL devices; they won’t be used during sampling.
384 384  )))
... ... @@ -393,6 +393,7 @@
393 393  )))|(% style="width:190px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
394 394  
395 395  
377 +
396 396  === 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling ===
397 397  
398 398  
... ... @@ -423,9 +423,9 @@
423 423  
424 424  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+COMMANDx **(%%)**: **This command will be sent to RS485 devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is:
425 425  
426 -(% border="1" style="background-color:#4bacc6; color:white; width:499px" %)
408 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:499px" %)
427 427  |(% style="width:496px" %)(((
428 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
410 +**AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
429 429  
430 430  **xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent**
431 431  
... ... @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
439 439  
440 440  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DATACUTx **(%%)**: **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 100 bytes.
441 441  
442 -(% border="1" style="background-color:#4bacc6; color:white; width:510px" %)
424 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
443 443  |(% style="width:510px" %)(((
444 444  **AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c**
445 445  
... ... @@ -467,7 +467,6 @@
467 467  
468 468  (% aria-label="image-20220602153621-3.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220602153621-3.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
469 469  
470 -
471 471  
472 472  )))
473 473  
... ... @@ -511,12 +511,15 @@
511 511  Final Payload is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA**
512 512  
513 513  
514 -1. PAYVER: Defined by AT+PAYVER
515 -1. PAYLOAD COUNT: Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
516 -1. PAYLOAD#: Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
517 -1. DATA: Valid value: max 8 bytes for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 8 bytes
495 +~1. PAYVER: Defined by AT+PAYVER
518 518  
497 +2. PAYLOAD COUNT: Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
519 519  
499 +3. PAYLOAD#: Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
500 +
501 +4. DATA: Valid value: max 8 bytes for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 8 bytes
502 +
503 +
520 520  (% aria-label="image-20220602155039-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220602155039-4.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
521 521  
522 522  
... ... @@ -553,7 +553,6 @@
553 553  (% aria-label="1654157178836-407.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1654157178836-407.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
554 554  
555 555  
556 -
557 557  === 3.3.5 Uplink on demand ===
558 558  
559 559  
... ... @@ -566,7 +566,6 @@
566 566  (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** 0xA8 command**(%%): Send a command to RS485-LN and uplink the output from sensors.
567 567  
568 568  
569 -
570 570  === 3.3.6 Uplink on Interrupt ===
571 571  
572 572  
... ... @@ -578,18 +578,34 @@
578 578  Connect the Interrupt pin to RS485-LN INT port and connect the GND pin to V- port. When there is a high voltage (Max 24v) on INT pin. Device will send an uplink packet.
579 579  
580 580  
581 -
582 582  == 3.4 Uplink Payload ==
583 583  
584 584  
585 -(% aria-label="image-20220606110929-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220606110929-1.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]
566 +(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
567 +|=(% scope="row" style="width: 70px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
568 +Size(bytes)
569 +)))|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; color:#0070c0; width:80px" %)**1**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; color:#0070c0; width:360px" %)(((
570 +**Length depends on the return from the commands**
571 +)))
572 +|=(% style="width: 90px;" %)(((
573 +Value
574 +)))|(% style="width:114px" %)(((
575 +PAYLOAD_VER
576 +)))|(% style="width:353px" %)(((
577 +If the valid payload is too long and exceed the maximum
586 586  
579 +support payload length in server, server will show payload not
580 +
581 +provided in the LoRaWAN server.
582 +)))
583 +
584 +(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]
585 +
587 587  (% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
588 588  
589 589  Below is the decoder for the first 3 bytes. The rest bytes are dynamic depends on different RS485 sensors.
590 590  
591 591  
592 -
593 593  == 3.5 Configure RS485-LN via AT or Downlink ==
594 594  
595 595  
... ... @@ -614,7 +614,6 @@
614 614  )))
615 615  
616 616  
617 -
618 618  === 3.5.1 Common Commands ===
619 619  
620 620  
... ... @@ -621,7 +621,6 @@
621 621  They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]
622 622  
623 623  
624 -
625 625  === 3.5.2 Downlink Response(Since firmware v1.4) ===
626 626  
627 627  
... ... @@ -635,17 +635,15 @@
635 635  The first byte of this package represents whether the configuration is successful, 00 represents failure, 01 represents success. Except for the first byte, the other is the previous downlink. (All commands except A8 type commands are applicable)
636 636  
637 637  
638 -
639 639  === 3.5.3 Sensor related commands ===
640 640  
641 641  
642 642  
643 -
644 644  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 Debug Command**(%%) ====
645 645  
646 646  
647 647  (((
648 -This command is used to configure the RS485 devices; they won't be used during sampling.
642 +This command is used to configure the RS485 devices; they won't be used during sampling. Max Length of AT+CFGDEV is **40 bytes**.
649 649  )))
650 650  
651 651  (((
... ... @@ -763,7 +763,6 @@
763 763  
764 764  
765 765  
766 -
767 767  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set Payload version**(%%) ====
768 768  
769 769  
... ... @@ -806,7 +806,6 @@
806 806  
807 807  
808 808  
809 -
810 810  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set RS485 Sampling Commands**(%%) ====
811 811  
812 812  
... ... @@ -891,7 +891,6 @@
891 891  
892 892  
893 893  
894 -
895 895  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Fast command to handle MODBUS device**(%%) ====
896 896  
897 897  
... ... @@ -935,7 +935,6 @@
935 935  
936 936  
937 937  
938 -
939 939  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 command timeout**(%%) ====
940 940  
941 941  
... ... @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@
972 972  )))
973 973  
974 974  (((
975 -(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** 0x AA aa bb cc**(%%) Same as: AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)*1000
965 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** 0x AA aa bb cc**(%%) Same as: AT+CMDDLaa=hex (bb cc)
976 976  )))
977 977  
978 978  (((
... ... @@ -982,12 +982,11 @@
982 982  )))
983 983  
984 984  (((
985 -**0xAA 01 00 01**  ~-~-> Same as  **AT+CMDDL1=1000 ms**
975 +**0xAA 01 03 E8**  ~-~-> Same as  **AT+CMDDL1=1000 ms**
986 986  )))
987 987  
988 988  
989 989  
990 -
991 991  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink payload mode**(%%) ====
992 992  
993 993  
... ... @@ -1042,7 +1042,6 @@
1042 1042  
1043 1043  
1044 1044  
1045 -
1046 1046  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Manually trigger an Uplink**(%%) ====
1047 1047  
1048 1048  
... ... @@ -1072,7 +1072,6 @@
1072 1072  
1073 1073  
1074 1074  
1075 -
1076 1076  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Clear RS485 Command**(%%) ====
1077 1077  
1078 1078  
... ... @@ -1121,7 +1121,6 @@
1121 1121  
1122 1122  
1123 1123  
1124 -
1125 1125  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Set Serial Communication Parameters**(%%) ====
1126 1126  
1127 1127  
... ... @@ -1184,9 +1184,29 @@
1184 1184  
1185 1185  
1186 1186  
1173 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Configure Databit (Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1187 1187  
1188 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Encrypted payload**(%%) ====
1189 1189  
1176 +* (((
1177 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1178 +)))
1179 +
1180 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+DATABIT=7    **(%%)~/~/ Set the data bits to 7
1181 +
1182 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+DATABIT=8    **(%%)~/~/ Set the data bits to 8
1183 +
1184 +* (((
1185 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**
1186 +)))
1187 +
1188 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** A7 04 07**(%%): Same as  AT+DATABIT=7
1189 +
1190 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** A7 04 08**(%%): Same as  AT+DATABIT=8
1191 +
1192 +
1193 +
1194 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Encrypted payload(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1195 +
1190 1190  (((
1191 1191  
1192 1192  )))
... ... @@ -1201,10 +1201,9 @@
1201 1201  
1202 1202  
1203 1203  
1210 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Get sensor value(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1204 1204  
1205 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Get sensor value**(%%) ====
1206 1206  
1207 -
1208 1208  * (((
1209 1209  (% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1210 1210  )))
... ... @@ -1215,10 +1215,9 @@
1215 1215  
1216 1216  
1217 1217  
1223 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Resets the downlink packet count(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1218 1218  
1219 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Resets the downlink packet count**(%%) ====
1220 1220  
1221 -
1222 1222  * (((
1223 1223  (% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1224 1224  )))
... ... @@ -1229,10 +1229,9 @@
1229 1229  
1230 1230  
1231 1231  
1236 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**When the limit bytes are exceeded, upload in batches(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1232 1232  
1233 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**When the limit bytes are exceeded, upload in batches**(%%) ====
1234 1234  
1235 -
1236 1236  * (((
1237 1237  (% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1238 1238  )))
... ... @@ -1250,10 +1250,9 @@
1250 1250  
1251 1251  
1252 1252  
1256 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Copy downlink to uplink (Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1253 1253  
1254 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)** Copy downlink to uplink **(%%) ====
1255 1255  
1256 -
1257 1257  * (((
1258 1258  (% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1259 1259  )))
... ... @@ -1260,28 +1260,24 @@
1260 1260  
1261 1261  (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+RPL=5**  (%%) ~/~/ After receiving the package from the server, it will immediately upload the content of the package to the server, the port number is 100.
1262 1262  
1263 -
1264 1264  Example：**aa xx xx xx xx**         ~/~/ aa indicates whether the configuration has changed, 00 is yes, 01 is no; xx xx xx xx are the bytes sent.
1265 1265  
1266 1266  
1267 1267  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220823173747-6.png?width=1124&height=165&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220823173747-6.png"]]
1268 1268  
1269 -
1270 -
1271 1271  For example, sending 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 will return invalid configuration 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77.
1272 1272  
1273 1273  
1273 +
1274 1274  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220823173833-7.png?width=1124&height=149&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220823173833-7.png"]]
1275 1275  
1276 -
1277 1277  For example, if 01 00 02 58 is issued, a valid configuration of 01 01 00 02 58 will be returned.
1278 1278  
1279 1279  
1280 1280  
1280 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Query version number and frequency band 、TDC(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1281 1281  
1282 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Query version number and frequency band 、TDC**(%%) ====
1283 1283  
1284 -
1285 1285  (((
1286 1286  * (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**
1287 1287  
... ... @@ -1296,10 +1296,9 @@
1296 1296  
1297 1297  
1298 1298  
1297 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)** Monitor RS485 communication of other devices(Since Version 1.4.0)**(%%) ====
1299 1299  
1300 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)** Monitor RS485 communication of other devices**(%%) ====
1301 1301  
1302 -
1303 1303  * (((
1304 1304  (% style="color:#037691" %)** AT Command:**
1305 1305  )))
... ... @@ -1315,12 +1315,11 @@
1315 1315  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**
1316 1316  )))
1317 1317  
1318 -(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** A6 aa bb bb               ** (%%) ~/~/same as AT+RXMODE=aa,bb
1315 +(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** A6 aa bb bb               ** (%%) ~/~/ same as AT+RXMODE=aa,bb
1319 1319  
1320 1320  [[image:image-20220824144240-1.png]]
1321 1321  
1322 1322  
1323 -
1324 1324  == 3.6 Listening mode for RS485 network ==
1325 1325  
1326 1326  
... ... @@ -1342,34 +1342,32 @@
1342 1342  To enable the listening mode, use can run the command (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+RXMODE**.
1343 1343  )))
1344 1344  
1345 -(((
1346 -
1347 -)))
1348 1348  
1349 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %)
1350 -|=(% style="width: 100px;" %)(((
1342 +
1343 +(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
1344 +|=(% style="width: 156px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
1351 1351  **Command example**
1352 -)))|=(% style="width: 400px;" %)(((
1346 +)))|=(% style="width: 355px; background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)(((
1353 1353  **Function**
1354 1354  )))
1355 -|(% style="width:100px" %)(((
1349 +|(% style="width:156px" %)(((
1356 1356  AT+RXMODE=1,10
1357 -)))|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
1351 +)))|(% style="width:352px" %)(((
1358 1358  Enable listening mode 1, if RS485-LN has received more than 10 RS485 commands from the network. RS485-LN will send these commands via LoRaWAN uplinks.
1359 1359  )))
1360 -|(% style="width:100px" %)(((
1354 +|(% style="width:156px" %)(((
1361 1361  AT+RXMODE=2,500
1362 -)))|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
1356 +)))|(% style="width:352px" %)(((
1363 1363  Enable listening mode 2, RS485-LN will capture and send a 500ms content once from the first detect of character. Max value is 65535 ms
1364 1364  )))
1365 -|(% style="width:100px" %)(((
1359 +|(% style="width:156px" %)(((
1366 1366  AT+RXMODE=0,0
1367 -)))|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
1361 +)))|(% style="width:352px" %)(((
1368 1368  Disable listening mode. This is the default settings.
1369 1369  )))
1370 -|(% style="width:100px" %)(((
1364 +|(% style="width:156px" %)(((
1371 1371  
1372 -)))|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
1366 +)))|(% style="width:352px" %)(((
1373 1373  A6 aa bb cc  same as AT+RXMODE=aa,(bb<<8 | cc)
1374 1374  )))
1375 1375  
... ... @@ -1400,15 +1400,15 @@
1400 1400  )))
1401 1401  
1402 1402  (((
1403 -The Modbus master send a command: (% style="background-color:#ffc000" %)01 03 00 00 00 02 c4 0b
1397 +The Modbus master send a command: (% style="background-color:#ffc000" %)**01 03 00 00 00 02 c4 0b**
1404 1404  )))
1405 1405  
1406 1406  (((
1407 -And Modbus slave reply with: (% style="background-color:green" %)01 03 04 00 00 00 00 fa 33
1401 +And Modbus slave reply with: (% style="background-color:green" %)**01 03 04 00 00 00 00 fa 33**
1408 1408  )))
1409 1409  
1410 1410  (((
1411 -RS485-LN will capture both and send the uplink: (% style="background-color:#ffc000" %)01 03 00 00 00 02 c4 0b  (% style="background-color:green" %)01 03 04 00 00 00 00 fa 33
1405 +RS485-LN will capture both and send the uplink: (% style="background-color:#ffc000" %)**01 03 00 00 00 02 c4 0b  **(% style="background-color:green" %)**01 03 04 00 00 00 00 fa 33**
1412 1412  
1413 1413  
1414 1414  )))
... ... @@ -1417,37 +1417,34 @@
1417 1417  (% aria-label="image-20220602171200-9.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220602171200-9.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
1418 1418  )))
1419 1419  
1420 -(((
1421 -
1422 -)))
1423 1423  
1415 +
1424 1424  (((
1425 -(((
1426 1426  (% style="color:red" %)**Notice: Listening mode can work with the default polling mode of RS485-LN. When RS485-LN is in to send the RS485 commands (from AT+COMMANDx), the listening mode will be interrupt for a while.**
1427 1427  )))
1428 -)))
1429 1429  
1430 1430  
1431 -
1432 1432  == 3.7 Buttons ==
1433 1433  
1434 1434  
1435 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:430px" %)
1436 -|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**Button**|=(% style="width: 361px;" %)**Feature**
1437 -|(% style="width:50px" %)**ACT**|(% style="width:361px" %)If RS485 joined in network, press this button for more than 1 second, RS485 will upload a packet, and the SYS LED will give a (% style="color:blue" %)**Blue blink**
1438 -|(% style="width:50px" %)**RST**|(% style="width:361px" %)Reboot RS485
1439 -|(% style="width:50px" %)**PRO**|(% style="width:361px" %)Use for upload image, see [[How to Update Image>>||anchor="H6.1Howtoupgradetheimage3F"]]
1424 +(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:430px" %)
1425 +|=(% style="width: 50px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**Button**|=(% style="width: 380px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**Feature**
1426 +|(% style="width:50px" %)ACT|(% style="width:361px" %)If RS485 joined in network, press this button for more than 1 second, RS485 will upload a packet, and the SYS LED will give a (% style="color:blue" %)**Blue blink**
1427 +|(% style="width:50px" %)RST|(% style="width:361px" %)Reboot RS485
1428 +|(% style="width:50px" %)PRO|(% style="width:361px" %)Use for upload image, see [[How to Update Image>>||anchor="H6.1Howtoupgradetheimage3F"]]
1440 1440  
1441 1441  
1431 +
1442 1442  == 3.8 LEDs ==
1443 1443  
1444 1444  
1445 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:430px" %)
1446 -|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**LEDs**|=(% style="width: 380px;" %)**Feature**
1447 -|**PWR**|Always on if there is power
1448 -|**SYS**|After device is powered on, the SYS will (% style="color:green" %)**fast blink in GREEN**(%%) for 5 times, means RS485-LN start to join LoRaWAN network. If join success, SYS will be (% style="color:green" %)**on GREEN for 5 seconds** (%%)**. **SYS will (% style="color:green" %)**blink Blue**(%%) on every upload and (% style="color:green" %)**blink Green**(%%) once receive a downlink message.
1435 +(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:430px" %)
1436 +|=(% style="width: 50px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**LEDs**|=(% style="width: 380px;background-color:#D9E2F3;color:#0070C0" %)**Feature**
1437 +|PWR|Always on if there is power
1438 +|SYS|After device is powered on, the SYS will (% style="color:green" %)**fast blink in GREEN**(%%) for 5 times, means RS485-LN start to join LoRaWAN network. If join success, SYS will be (% style="color:green" %)**on GREEN for 5 seconds** (%%)**. **SYS will (% style="color:green" %)**blink Blue**(%%) on every upload and (% style="color:green" %)**blink Green**(%%) once receive a downlink message.
1449 1449  
1450 1450  
1441 +
1451 1451  = 4. Case Study =
1452 1452  
1453 1453  
... ... @@ -1454,10 +1454,8 @@
1454 1454  User can check this URL for some case studies: [[APP RS485 COMMUNICATE WITH SENSORS>>doc:Main.Application Note \: Communicate with Different Sensors ----- RS485-LN RS485-BL.WebHome]]
1455 1455  
1456 1456  
1457 -
1458 1458  = 5. Use AT Command =
1459 1459  
1460 -
1461 1461  == 5.1 Access AT Command ==
1462 1462  
1463 1463  
... ... @@ -1485,10 +1485,8 @@
1485 1485  )))
1486 1486  
1487 1487  
1488 -
1489 1489  == 5.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==
1490 1490  
1491 -
1492 1492  === 5.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===
1493 1493  
1494 1494  
... ... @@ -1505,8 +1505,6 @@
1505 1505  
1506 1506  * (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+NJM=0**
1507 1507  * (% style="color:#037691" %)**ATZ**
1508 -
1509 -
1510 1510  )))
1511 1511  
1512 1512  
... ... @@ -1549,10 +1549,8 @@
1549 1549  (% aria-label="1654162478620-421.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1654162478620-421.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
1550 1550  
1551 1551  
1552 -
1553 1553  = 6. FAQ =
1554 1554  
1555 -
1556 1556  == 6.1 How to upgrade the image? ==
1557 1557  
1558 1558  
... ... @@ -1619,7 +1619,6 @@
1619 1619  (% aria-label="image-20220602175638-10.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220602175638-10.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
1620 1620  
1621 1621  
1622 -
1623 1623  == 6.2 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==
1624 1624  
1625 1625  
... ... @@ -1626,7 +1626,6 @@
1626 1626  User can follow the introduction for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H6.1Howtoupgradetheimage3F"]]. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.
1627 1627  
1628 1628  
1629 -
1630 1630  == 6.3 How many RS485-Slave can RS485-LN connects? ==
1631 1631  
1632 1632  
... ... @@ -1633,7 +1633,6 @@
1633 1633  The RS485-LN can support max 32 RS485 devices. Each uplink command of RS485-LN can support max 16 different RS485 command. So RS485-LN can support max 16 RS485 devices pre-program in the device for uplink. For other devices no pre-program, user can use the [[downlink message (type code 0xA8) to poll their info>>||anchor="H3.3.3Configurereadcommandsforeachsampling"]].
1634 1634  
1635 1635  
1636 -
1637 1637  == 6.4 Compatible question to ChirpStack and TTI LoRaWAN server ? ==
1638 1638  
1639 1639  
... ... @@ -1642,14 +1642,12 @@
1642 1642  Detail info check this link: [[Set Packet Receiving Response Level>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H7.23SetPacketReceivingResponseLevel"]]
1643 1643  
1644 1644  
1645 -
1646 1646  == 6.5 Can i use point to point communication for RS485-LN? ==
1647 1647  
1648 1648  
1649 -Yes, please refer [[Point to Point Communication for RS485-LN>>Point to Point Communication for RS485-LN]].
1628 +Yes, please updating point-to-point [[firmware>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/g99v0fxcltn9r1y/AACP33wo_ZQLsxW2MJ70oUoba/RS485-LN/Firmware?dl=0&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]]，then refer [[Point to Point Communication for RS485-LN>>Point to Point Communication for RS485-LN]].
1650 1650  
1651 1651  
1652 -
1653 1653  == 6.6 How to Use RS485-LN  to connect to RS232 devices? ==
1654 1654  
1655 1655  
... ... @@ -1656,10 +1656,123 @@
1656 1656  [[Use RS485-BL or RS485-LN to connect to RS232 devices. - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43:8080/xwiki/bin/view/Main/RS485%20to%20RS232/]]
1657 1657  
1658 1658  
1637 +== 6.7 How to judge whether there is a problem with the set COMMAND ==
1659 1659  
1660 -= 7. Trouble Shooting =
1639 +=== 6.7.1 Introduce: ===
1661 1661  
1662 1662  
1642 +Users can use below the structure to fast debug the communication between RS485BL and RS485-LN. The principle is to put the PC in the RS485 network and sniff the packet between Modbus MTU and RS485-BL/LN. We can use this way to:
1643 +
1644 +1. Test if Modbus-MTU works with PC commands.
1645 +1. Check if RS485-LN sent the expected command to Mobus-MTU
1646 +1. Check if Modbus-MTU return back the expected result to RS485-LN.
1647 +1. If both b) and c) has issue, we can compare PC’s output and RS485-LN output.
1648 +
1649 +[[image:image-20221130104310-1.png||height="380" width="680"]]
1650 +
1651 +
1652 +Example Connection:
1653 +
1654 +[[image:image-20221130104310-2.png]]
1655 +
1656 +
1657 +=== 6.7.2 Set up PC to monitor RS485 network With Serial tool ===
1658 +
1659 +
1660 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Receive and send set to hex mode**
1661 +
1662 +[[image:image-20221130104310-3.png||height="616" width="714"]]
1663 +
1664 +
1665 +=== 6.7.3 With ModRSsim2: ===
1666 +
1667 +
1668 +(% style="color:blue" %)**(1) Select serial port MODBUS RS-232**
1669 +
1670 +[[image:image-20221130104310-4.png||height="390" width="865"]]
1671 +
1672 +
1673 +(% style="color:blue" %)**(2) Click the serial port icon**
1674 +
1675 +[[image:image-20221130104310-5.png||height="392" width="870"]]
1676 +
1677 +
1678 +(% style="color:blue" %)**(3) After selecting the correct serial port and baud rate, click ok**
1679 +
1680 +[[image:image-20221130104310-6.png]]
1681 +
1682 +
1683 +(% style="color:blue" %)**(4) Click the comms.**
1684 +
1685 +[[image:image-20221130104310-7.png||height="376" width="835"]]
1686 +
1687 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HRunRS485-LN2FBLcommandandmonitorifitiscorrect." %)
1688 +**Run RS485-LN/BL command and monitor if it is correct.**
1689 +
1690 +
1691 +=== 6.7.4 Example – Test the CFGDEV command ===
1692 +
1693 +
1694 +RS485-LN sent below command:
1695 +
1696 +(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CFGDEV=01 03 00 20 00 01,1**(%%) to RS485 network, and PC is able to get this command and return commands from MTU to show in the serial tool.
1697 +
1698 +
1699 +We can see the output from the Serial port tool to analyze. And check if they are expected result.
1700 +
1701 +[[image:image-20221130104310-8.png||height="214" width="797"]]
1702 +
1703 +
1704 +We can also use (% style="color:blue" %)**ModRSsim2**(%%) to see the output.
1705 +
1706 +[[image:image-20221130104310-9.png||height="531" width="729"]]
1707 +
1708 +
1709 +=== 6.7.5 Example – Test CMD command sets. ===
1710 +
1711 +
1712 +Run (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SENSORVALUE=1**(%%) to test the CMD commands set in RS485-LN.
1713 +
1714 +
1715 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Serial port tool:**
1716 +
1717 +[[image:image-20221130104310-10.png||height="339" width="844"]]
1718 +
1719 +
1720 +(% style="color:blue" %)**ModRSsim2:**
1721 +
1722 +[[image:image-20221130104310-11.png||height="281" width="962"]]
1723 +
1724 +
1725 +=== 6.7.6 Test with PC ===
1726 +
1727 +
1728 +If there is still have problem to set up correctly the commands between RS485-LN and MTU. User can test the correct RS485 command set in PC and compare with the RS485 command sent out via RS485-LN. as long as both commands are the same, the MTU should return correct result.
1729 +
1730 +
1731 +Or User can send the working commands set in PC serial tool to Dragino Support to check what should be configured in RS485-LN.
1732 +
1733 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Connection method：**
1734 +
1735 +[[image:image-20221130104310-12.png]]
1736 +
1737 +
1738 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Link situation:**
1739 +
1740 +[[image:image-20221130104310-13.png||height="458" width="486"]]
1741 +
1742 +
1743 +[[image:image-20221130104310-14.png||height="371" width="823"]]
1744 +
1745 +
1746 +== 6.8 Where to get the decoder for RS485-LN? ==
1747 +
1748 +
1749 +The decoder for RS485-LN needs to be written by yourself. Because the sensor to which the user is connected is custom, the read device data bytes also need custom parsing, so there is no universal decoder. We can only provide [[templates>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/tree/main/RS485-LN]] for decoders (no intermediate data parsing part involved)
1750 +
1751 +
1752 += 7. Trouble Shooting =
1753 +
1663 1663  == 7.1 Downlink doesn't work, how to solve it? ==
1664 1664  
1665 1665  
... ... @@ -1666,7 +1666,6 @@
1666 1666  Please see this link for debug: [[LoRaWAN Communication Debug>>doc:Main.LoRaWAN Communication Debug.WebHome]]
1667 1667  
1668 1668  
1669 -
1670 1670  == 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 /AU915 bands? ==
1671 1671  
1672 1672  
... ... @@ -1673,7 +1673,6 @@
1673 1673  It might about the channels mapping. Please see for detail: [[Notice of Frequency band>>doc:Main.LoRaWAN Communication Debug.WebHome||anchor="H2.NoticeofUS9152FCN4702FAU915Frequencyband"]]
1674 1674  
1675 1675  
1676 -
1677 1677  = 8. Order Info =
1678 1678  
1679 1679  
... ... @@ -1693,9 +1693,10 @@
1693 1693  * (% style="color:red" %)**KZ865**(%%):  frequency bands KZ865
1694 1694  
1695 1695  
1696 -= 9.Packing Info =
1697 1697  
1786 += 9. Packing Info =
1698 1698  
1788 +
1699 1699  **Package Includes**:
1700 1700  
1701 1701  * RS485-LN x 1
... ... @@ -1710,6 +1710,7 @@
1710 1710  * Weight / pcs : 170g
1711 1711  
1712 1712  
1803 +
1713 1713  = 10. FCC Caution for RS485LN-US915 =
1714 1714  
1715 1715  
... ... @@ -1762,7 +1762,6 @@
1762 1762  )))
1763 1763  
1764 1764  
1765 -
1766 1766  = 11. Support =
1767 1767  
1768 1768  
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