Changes for page RS485-LN – RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter User Manual
Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/04/23 15:56
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... ... @@ -18,26 +18,30 @@ 18 18 19 19 ((( 20 20 ((( 21 -The Dragino RS485-LN is a RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter. It converts the RS485 signal into LoRaWAN wireless signal which simplify the IoT installation and reduce the installation/maintaining cost. 21 +The Dragino RS485-LN is a (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter**(%%). It converts the RS485 signal into LoRaWAN wireless signal which simplify the IoT installation and reduce the installation/maintaining cost. 22 22 ))) 23 23 24 24 ((( 25 -RS485-LN allows user to monitor / control RS485 devices and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on. 25 +RS485-LN allows user to (% style="color:blue" %)**monitor / control RS485 devices**(%%) and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on. 26 26 ))) 27 27 28 28 ((( 29 -For data uplink, RS485-LN sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-LN will process these returns according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server. 29 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For data uplink**(%%), RS485-LN sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-LN will process these returns according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server. 30 30 ))) 31 31 32 32 ((( 33 -For data downlink, RS485-LN runs in LoRaWAN Class C. When there downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-LN will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices. 33 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For data downlink**(%%), RS485-LN runs in LoRaWAN Class C. When there downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-LN will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices. 34 + 35 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Demo Dashboard for RS485-LN**(%%) connect to two energy meters: [[https:~~/~~/app.datacake.de/dashboard/d/58844a26-378d-4c5a-aaf5-b5b5b153447a>>url:https://app.datacake.de/dashboard/d/58844a26-378d-4c5a-aaf5-b5b5b153447a]] 34 34 ))) 35 35 ))) 36 36 37 37 [[image:1653267211009-519.png||height="419" width="724"]] 38 38 41 + 39 39 == 1.2 Specifications == 40 40 44 + 41 41 **Hardware System:** 42 42 43 43 * STM32L072CZT6 MCU ... ... @@ -44,8 +44,6 @@ 44 44 * SX1276/78 Wireless Chip 45 45 * Power Consumption (exclude RS485 device): 46 46 ** Idle: 32mA@12v 47 - 48 -* 49 49 ** 20dB Transmit: 65mA@12v 50 50 51 51 **Interface for Model:** ... ... @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ 98 98 99 99 [[RS485-LN Image files – Download link and Change log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/]] 100 100 103 + 101 101 == 1.6 Hardware Change log == 102 102 103 103 ((( ... ... @@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ 105 105 v1.2: Add External Interrupt Pin. 106 106 107 107 v1.0: Release 111 + 112 + 108 108 ))) 109 109 ))) 110 110 ... ... @@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ 121 121 ))) 122 122 123 123 [[image:1653268091319-405.png]] 129 + 130 + 124 124 ))) 125 125 126 126 = 3. Operation Mode = ... ... @@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ 129 129 130 130 ((( 131 131 The RS485-LN is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class C mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, user just need to input the OTAA keys in the network server and power on the RS485-LN. It will auto join the network via OTAA. 139 + 140 + 132 132 ))) 133 133 134 134 == 3.2 Example to join LoRaWAN network == ... ... @@ -137,10 +137,15 @@ 137 137 138 138 [[image:1653268155545-638.png||height="334" width="724"]] 139 139 149 + 140 140 ((( 151 +((( 141 141 The RS485-LN in this example connected to two RS485 devices for demonstration, user can connect to other RS485 devices via the same method. The connection is as below: 153 +))) 142 142 155 +((( 143 143 485A+ and 485B- of the sensor are connected to RS485A and RA485B of RS485-LN respectively. 157 +))) 144 144 145 145 [[image:1653268227651-549.png||height="592" width="720"]] 146 146 ... ... @@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ 192 192 193 193 [[image:1652953568895-172.png||height="232" width="724"]] 194 194 209 + 195 195 == 3.3 Configure Commands to read data == 196 196 197 197 ((( ... ... @@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ 201 201 202 202 ((( 203 203 (% style="color:red" %)Note: below description and commands are for firmware version >v1.1, if you have firmware version v1.0. Please check the [[user manual v1.0>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=RS485-LN/&file=RS485-LN_UserManual_v1.0.1.pdf]] or upgrade the firmware to v1.1 219 + 220 + 204 204 ))) 205 205 ))) 206 206 ... ... @@ -208,19 +208,19 @@ 208 208 209 209 To use RS485-LN to read data from RS485 sensors, connect the RS485-LN A/B traces to the sensors. And user need to make sure RS485-LN use the match UART setting to access the sensors. The related commands for UART settings are: 210 210 211 -(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:7 95px" %)212 -|((( 228 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:782px" %) 229 +|(% style="width:128px" %)((( 213 213 **AT Commands** 214 -)))|(% style="width: 285px" %)(((231 +)))|(% style="width:305px" %)((( 215 215 **Description** 216 -)))|(% style="width:34 7px" %)(((233 +)))|(% style="width:346px" %)((( 217 217 **Example** 218 218 ))) 219 -|((( 236 +|(% style="width:128px" %)((( 220 220 AT+BAUDR 221 -)))|(% style="width: 285px" %)(((238 +)))|(% style="width:305px" %)((( 222 222 Set the baud rate (for RS485 connection). Default Value is: 9600. 223 -)))|(% style="width:34 7px" %)(((240 +)))|(% style="width:346px" %)((( 224 224 ((( 225 225 AT+BAUDR=9600 226 226 ))) ... ... @@ -229,11 +229,11 @@ 229 229 Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200) 230 230 ))) 231 231 ))) 232 -|((( 249 +|(% style="width:128px" %)((( 233 233 AT+PARITY 234 -)))|(% style="width: 285px" %)(((251 +)))|(% style="width:305px" %)((( 235 235 Set UART parity (for RS485 connection) 236 -)))|(% style="width:34 7px" %)(((253 +)))|(% style="width:346px" %)((( 237 237 ((( 238 238 AT+PARITY=0 239 239 ))) ... ... @@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ 242 242 Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity 243 243 ))) 244 244 ))) 245 -|((( 262 +|(% style="width:128px" %)((( 246 246 AT+STOPBIT 247 -)))|(% style="width: 285px" %)(((264 +)))|(% style="width:305px" %)((( 248 248 ((( 249 249 Set serial stopbit (for RS485 connection) 250 250 ))) ... ... @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ 252 252 ((( 253 253 254 254 ))) 255 -)))|(% style="width:34 7px" %)(((272 +)))|(% style="width:346px" %)((( 256 256 ((( 257 257 AT+STOPBIT=0 for 1bit 258 258 ))) ... ... @@ -284,82 +284,37 @@ 284 284 mm: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command 285 285 )))|(% style="width:256px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m 286 286 287 -Detail of AT+CFGDEV command see [[AT+CFGDEV detail>>path:#AT_CFGDEV]]. 288 - 289 289 === 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling === 290 290 291 291 ((( 292 -RS485-BL is a battery powered device; it will sleep most of time. And wake up on each period and read RS485 / TTL sensor data and uplink. 293 -))) 307 +During each sampling, we need confirm what commands we need to send to the RS485 sensors to read data. After the RS485 sensors send back the value, it normally include some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload. 294 294 295 -((( 296 -During each sampling, we need to confirm what commands we need to send to the sensors to read data. After the RS485/TTL sensors send back the value, it normally includes some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload. 297 -))) 298 - 299 -((( 300 300 To save the LoRaWAN network bandwidth, we might need to read data from different sensors and combine their valid value into a short payload. 301 -))) 302 302 303 -((( 304 304 This section describes how to achieve above goals. 305 -))) 306 306 307 -((( 308 -During each sampling, the RS485-BL can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads. 309 -))) 313 +During each sampling, the RS485-LN can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads. 310 310 311 -((( 312 -**Command from RS485-BL to Sensor:** 313 -))) 314 314 315 -((( 316 -RS485-BL can send out pre-set max 15 strings via **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF** . All commands are of same grammar. 317 -))) 316 +**Each RS485 commands include two parts:** 318 318 319 -((( 320 -**Handle return from sensors to RS485-BL**: 321 -))) 318 +~1. What commands RS485-LN will send to the RS485 sensors. There are total 15 commands from **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF**. All commands are of same grammar. 322 322 323 -((( 324 -After RS485-BL send out a string to sensor, RS485-BL will wait for the return from RS485 or TTL sensor. And user can specify how to handle the return, by **AT+DATACUT or AT+SEARCH commands** 325 -))) 320 +2. How to get wanted value the from RS485 sensors returns from by 1). There are total 15 AT Commands to handle the return, commands are **AT+DATACUT1**,**AT+DATACUT2**,…, **AT+DATACUTF** corresponding to the commands from 1). All commands are of same grammar. 326 326 327 -* ((( 328 -**AT+DATACUT** 329 -))) 322 +3. Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example **AT+CMDDL1=1000** to send the open time to 1000ms 330 330 331 -((( 332 -When the return value from sensor have fix length and we know which position the valid value we should get, we can use AT+DATACUT command. 333 -))) 334 334 335 -* ((( 336 -**AT+SEARCH** 337 -))) 338 - 339 -((( 340 -When the return value from sensor is dynamic length and we are not sure which bytes the valid data is, instead, we know what value the valid value following. We can use AT+SEARCH to search the valid value in the return string. 341 -))) 342 - 343 -((( 344 -**Define wait timeout:** 345 -))) 346 - 347 -((( 348 -Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example, AT+CMDDL1=1000 to send the open time to 1000ms 349 -))) 350 - 351 -((( 352 352 After we got the valid value from each RS485 commands, we need to combine them together with the command **AT+DATAUP**. 353 -))) 354 354 355 -**Examples:** 356 356 357 357 Below are examples for the how above AT Commands works. 358 358 359 -**AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485/TTL devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is: 360 360 361 -(% border="1" class="table-bordered" %) 362 -|((( 331 +**AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485 devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is: 332 + 333 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#4bacc6; color:white; width:499px" %) 334 +|(% style="width:496px" %)((( 363 363 **AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m** 364 364 365 365 **xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent** ... ... @@ -369,43 +369,13 @@ 369 369 370 370 For example, if we have a RS485 sensor. The command to get sensor value is: 01 03 0B B8 00 02 46 0A. Where 01 03 0B B8 00 02 is the Modbus command to read the register 0B B8 where stored the sensor value. The 46 0A is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually. 371 371 372 -In the RS485- BL, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same.344 +In the RS485-LN, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same. 373 373 374 -**AT+SEARCHx**: This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx. 375 375 376 -(% border="1" class="table-bordered" %) 377 -|((( 378 -**AT+SEARCHx=aa,xx xx xx xx xx** 379 - 380 -* **aa: 1: prefix match mode; 2: prefix and suffix match mode** 381 -* **xx xx xx xx xx: match string. Max 5 bytes for prefix and 5 bytes for suffix** 382 - 383 - 384 -))) 385 - 386 -Examples: 387 - 388 -1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49 389 - 390 -If we set AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34. (max 5 bytes for prefix) 391 - 392 -The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49 393 - 394 -[[image:1652954654347-831.png]] 395 - 396 - 397 -1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49 398 - 399 -If we set AT+SEARCH1=2, 1E 56 34+31 00 49 400 - 401 -Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 402 - 403 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] 404 - 405 - 406 406 **AT+DATACUTx : **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 45 bytes. 407 407 408 -|((( 349 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#4bacc6; color:white; width:725px" %) 350 +|(% style="width:722px" %)((( 409 409 **AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c** 410 410 411 411 * **a: length for the return of AT+COMMAND** ... ... @@ -413,138 +413,121 @@ 413 413 * **c: define the position for valid value. ** 414 414 ))) 415 415 416 -Examples: 358 +**Examples:** 417 417 418 418 * Grab bytes: 419 419 420 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]362 +[[image:image-20220602153621-1.png]] 421 421 364 + 422 422 * Grab a section. 423 423 424 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]367 +[[image:image-20220602153621-2.png]] 425 425 369 + 426 426 * Grab different sections. 427 427 428 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]372 +[[image:image-20220602153621-3.png]] 429 429 374 + 375 +))) 430 430 431 - Note:377 +=== 3.3.4 Compose the uplink payload === 432 432 433 -AT+SEARCHx and AT+DATACUTx can be used together, if both commands are set, RS485-BL will first process AT+SEARCHx on the return string and get a temporary string, and then process AT+DATACUTx on this temporary string to get the final payload. In this case, AT+DATACUTx need to set to format AT+DATACUTx=0,xx,xx where the return bytes set to 0. 434 - 435 -Example: 436 - 437 -AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0 438 - 439 -AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34 440 - 441 -AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5 442 - 443 -Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49 444 - 445 -String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49 446 - 447 -Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 448 - 449 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]] 450 - 451 - 452 - 453 - 454 -1. 455 -11. 456 -111. Compose the uplink payload 457 - 379 +((( 458 458 Through AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx we got valid value from each RS485 commands, Assume these valid value are RETURN1, RETURN2, .., to RETURNx. The next step is how to compose the LoRa Uplink Payload by these RETURNs. The command is **AT+DATAUP.** 459 459 382 + 383 +))) 460 460 461 -**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0** 385 +((( 386 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0** 462 462 463 -Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **A SIGNLE UPLINK**. 388 + 389 +))) 464 464 391 +((( 392 +Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**A SIGNLE UPLINK**. 393 +))) 394 + 395 +((( 465 465 Final Payload is 397 +))) 466 466 467 -Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx 399 +((( 400 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx** 401 +))) 468 468 403 +((( 469 469 Where PAYVER is defined by AT+PAYVER, below is an example screen shot. 405 +))) 470 470 471 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]407 +[[image:1653269759169-150.png||height="513" width="716"]] 472 472 473 473 410 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1** 474 474 475 -**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1** 476 476 477 -Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **Multiply UPLINKs**. 413 +Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**Multiply UPLINKs**. 478 478 479 479 Final Payload is 480 480 481 -Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA 417 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA** 482 482 483 -1. Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage 484 -1. PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER 485 -1. PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling. 486 -1. PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT) 487 -1. DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, [[Notice*!>>path:#max_byte]]) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes 419 +1. PAYVER: Defined by AT+PAYVER 420 +1. PAYLOAD COUNT: Total how many uplinks of this sampling. 421 +1. PAYLOAD#: Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT) 422 +1. DATA: Valid value: max 8 bytes for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 8 bytes 488 488 489 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]424 +[[image:image-20220602155039-4.png]] 490 490 491 491 492 -So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink include s6bytes DATA427 +So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink include 8 bytes DATA 493 493 494 -DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = 20 20 0a 33 90 41 429 +DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value + the first two of Valid value of RETURN10= **20 20 0a 33 90 41 02 aa** 495 495 496 -DATA2= 1^^st^^ ~~6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= 02 aa 05 81 0a 20431 +DATA2=3^^rd^^ ~~ 10^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= **05 81 0a 20 20 20 20 2d** 497 497 498 -DATA3= 7^^th^^~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN1020 20 20 2d30433 +DATA3=the rest of Valid value of RETURN10= **30** 499 499 500 500 436 +(% style="color:red" %)Notice: In firmware v1.3, the Max bytes has been changed according to the max bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below: 501 501 502 - Beloware the uplinkpayloads:438 + ~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink. 503 503 504 - [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]440 + * For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 11 bytes for each uplink. 505 505 442 + * For US915 band, max 11 bytes for each uplink. 506 506 507 - Notice:theMaxbytesis accordingtothe maxsupportbytesin differentFrequencyBands forlowest SF.As below:444 + ~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink. 508 508 509 - ~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date) 510 510 511 - * ForAU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwelltime=1,max 11 bytes for eachuplink( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).447 +Below are the uplink payloads: 512 512 513 - * For US915 band,max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so11-5=6max valid date).449 +[[image:1654157178836-407.png]] 514 514 515 - ~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date). 516 516 452 +=== 3.3.5 Uplink on demand === 517 517 454 +Except uplink periodically, RS485-LN is able to uplink on demand. The server send downlink command to RS485-LN and RS485 will uplink data base on the command. 518 518 519 -1. 520 -11. 521 -111. Uplink on demand 522 - 523 -Except uplink periodically, RS485-BL is able to uplink on demand. The server sends downlink command to RS485-BL and RS485 will uplink data base on the command. 524 - 525 525 Downlink control command: 526 526 527 - [[0x08 command>>path:#downlink_08]]:Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.458 +**0x08 command**: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-LN. 528 528 529 - [[0xA8 command>>path:#downlink_A8]]:Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.460 +**0xA8 command**: Send a command to RS485-LN and uplink the output from sensors. 530 530 531 531 532 532 533 -1. 534 -11. 535 -111. Uplink on Interrupt 464 +=== 3.3.6 Uplink on Interrupt === 536 536 537 - Put theinterruptsensorbetween3.3v_outand GPIOext.[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]466 +RS485-LN support external Interrupt uplink since hardware v1.2 release. 538 538 539 - AT+INTMOD=0 DisableInterrupt468 +[[image:1654157342174-798.png]] 540 540 541 - AT+INTMOD=1Interrupt triggerbyrising orfallingedge.470 +Connect the Interrupt pin to RS485-LN INT port and connect the GND pin to V- port. When there is a high voltage (Max 24v) on INT pin. Device will send an uplink packet. 542 542 543 -AT+INTMOD=2 Interrupt trigger by falling edge. ( Default Value) 544 544 545 -AT+INTMOD=3 Interrupt trigger by rising edge. 546 - 547 - 548 548 1. 549 549 11. Uplink Payload 550 550
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