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Contents:

1.  Introduction

1.1 ​ What is LoRaWAN 4-Channels Distance Sensor

 

The Dragino LDDS04 is a LoRaWAN 4-Channels Distance Sensor for Internet of Things solution. It is capable to add up to four Ultrasonic Sensors to measure four distances at the same time.

The LDDS04 can be applied to scenarios such as horizontal distance measurement, parking management system, object proximity and presence detection, intelligent trash can management system, robot obstacle avoidance, automatic control, sewer, etc.

It detects the distance between the measured object and the sensor, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server.

The LoRa wireless technology used in LDDS04 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.

LDDS04 is powered by 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery, it is designed for long term use up to 5 years.

Each LDDS04 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.

 

1654929411930-747.pngData URI imageData URI image

​1.2  Features

  • LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
  • Ultra-low power consumption
  • Detect Range: Base on External Probe
  • Monitor Battery Level
  • Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865
  • AT Commands to change parameters
  • Uplink on periodically
  • Downlink to change configure
  • 8500mAh Battery for long term use

  

1.3 ​ Applications

  • Horizontal distance measurement
  • Parking management system
  • Object proximity and presence detection
  • Intelligent trash can management system
  • Robot obstacle avoidance
  • Automatic control
  • Sewer

1.4  Pin mapping and power on

1654930101285-501.png

Data URI imageData URI image

1.5  Probe Options

1.5.1  Probes Comparation

ModelPhotoDescription
A01A-15

1654931296150-422.png

 

Detect Distance: 28 cm ~ 750 cm

Bling Spot Distance: 0 ~ 28cm

Accuracy: ±(1cm+S*0.3%) (S: Distance)

Measure Angle: ~ 40°

Cable Length: 1.5 meter

Temperature Compensation

Suitable for Flat Object Detect

IP67 Water Proof

A02-15

image-20220611150955-2.png

 

Detect Distance: 3cm ~ 450cm

Bling Spot Distance: 0 ~ 3cm

Accuracy: ±(1cm+S*0.3%) (S: Distance)

Measure Angle: ~ 60°

Cable Length: 1.5 meter

Temperature Compensation

Suitable for Flat Object Detect, Rubbish Bin

IP67 Water Proof

A13-15

1654931353123-552.png

 

Detect Distance: 25cm ~ 200cm

Bling Spot Distance: 0 ~ 25cm

Accuracy: ±(1cm+S*0.3%) (S: Distance)

Measure Angle: ~ 20°

Cable Length: 1.5 meter

Temperature Compensation

Suitable for Flat Object Detect, Rubbish Bin

IP67 Water Proof

A16-15

1654931363281-306.png

 

Detect Distance: 50cm ~ 1500cm

Bling Spot Distance: 0 ~ 50cm

Accuracy: ±(1cm+S*0.3%) (S: Distance)

Measure Angle: ~ 40°

Cable Length: 1.5 meter

Temperature Compensation

Suitable for Long Distance Detect

IP67 Water Proof

1.5.2  P01A-15 probe

A01A-15 is mainly used for plane distance measurement; it can carry out targeted measurement on plane objects and can measure long distances and high accuracy.

Beam Chart:

(1) The tested object is a white cylindrical tube made of PVC, with a height of 100cm and a diameter of 7.5cm.

1654852253176-749.png

(2) The object to be tested is a "corrugated cardboard box" perpendicular to the central axis of 0 °, and the length * width is 60cm * 50cm.

1654852175653-550.png

Mechanical:

image-20220611152848-11.png

1654932546845-829.png

image-20220611152934-12.png

Application:

image-20220611153001-13.png   1654932667221-964.png image-20220611153001-15.png

1.5.3  A02-15 probe

Beam Chart:

(1) The tested object is a white cylindrical tube made of PVC, with a height of 100cm and a diameter of 7.5cm.

1654934329751-424.png

(2) The object to be tested is a "corrugated cardboard box" perpendicular to the central axis of 0 °, and the length * width is 60cm * 50cm.

1654934343649-264.png

Mechanical:

1654932923252-110.png

Application:

image-20220611153001-13.png

1.5.4  A13-15 probe

Beam Chart:

(1) The tested object is a white cylindrical tube made of PVC, with a height of 100cm and a diameter of 7.5cm.

1654934363730-880.png

(2) The object to be tested is a "corrugated cardboard box" perpendicular to the central axis of 0 °, and the length * width is 60cm * 50cm.

Mechanical:

image-20220611154330-16.png

Installation Requirement:

1654933425011-311.png

Application:

image-20220611154426-17.png  image-20220611154426-18.png  image-20220611154426-19.png

1.5.5  A13-16 probe

Beam Chart:

(1) The tested object is a white cylindrical tube made of PVC, with a height of 100cm and a diameter of 7.5cm.

1654934415156-713.png

(2) The object to be tested is a "corrugated cardboard box" perpendicular to the central axis of 0 °, and the length * width is 60cm * 50cm.

1654934424571-232.png

Mechanical:

image-20220611160117-1.png

Application:

image-20220611155020-22.png     1654934606943-694.png

image-20220611155020-24.png       image-20220611155020-25.png

2.  Configure LDDS04 to connect to LoRaWAN network

2.1  How it works

The LDDS04 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LDDS04. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20 minutes.

 

2.2  Connect Probe

LDDS04 has a converter, User need to connect the Ultrasonic Probes to the convert as below. Different probes are supported, please see this link for the probe options.

image-20220611160853-2.png

Probe mapping as below.

image-20220611160853-3.png

2.3  ​Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)

Following is an example for how to join the TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network. Below is the network structure; we use the LG308  as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example. 

1654935011447-935.png

Data URI image

The LG308 is already set to connected to TTN network , so what we need to now is configure the TTN server.

Step 1: Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LDDS04.

Each LDDS04 is shipped with a sticker with the default device keys, user can find this sticker in the box. it looks like below:

image-20220607170145-1.jpegData URI imageData URI imageData URI image

You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

Register the device:

Data URI image1654935135620-998.pngData URI imageData URI image​​

Data URI image

Add APP EUI and DEV EUI:

image-20220611161308-4.png

Add APP EUI in the application:

image-20220611161308-5.png

Add APP KEY

image-20220611161308-6.png

Data URI imageData URI image

Data URI imageData URI image

Step 2: Power on LDDS04

Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Switch must be in FLASH position).

Data URI image1654935407017-525.pngData URI imageData URI image

Step 3: The LDDS04 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.

Data URI image1654935473814-664.pngData URI imageData URI image​​

2.4  ​Uplink Payload

LDDS04 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format:  

Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.

 

Size (bytes)

222221
Value

1654935473814-664.pngData URI imageData URI image

2.4.1  Battery Info

Check the battery voltage for LDDS45.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

2.4.2  Interrupt Pin

This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. Click here for the hardware and software set up.

Note: The Internet Pin is a separate pin in the screw terminal. See pin mapping.

Example:

(0x0D4A & 0x8000) >>15 = 0: Normal uplink packet.

(0x8D41 & 0x8000) >>15 = 1: Interrupt Uplink Packet.

2.4.3  Distance

The measuring distance of the four distance measuring modules, the default unit is cm.

Example:

Uplink Payload: 0D 4A 03 16 03 18 03 1A 03 15 01

Data analysis:

Distance of UT sensor1 : 0316(H) = 790 (D)/10 = 79cm.

Distance of UT sensor2 : 0318(H) = 792 (D)/10 = 79.2cm.

Distance of UT sensor3 : 031A(H) = 794 (D)/10 = 79.4cm.

Distance of UT sensor4 : 0315(H) = 789 (D)/10 = 78.9cm.

 

2.4.4  Message Type

For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.

Valid Message Type:

Message Type CodeDescriptionPayload
0x01Normal UplinkNormal Uplink Payload
0x02Reply configures infoConfigure Info Payload

1654936589640-122.png

2.4.5  Decode payload in The Things Network

While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

1654936675588-151.png

Data URI image

The payload decoder function for TTN is here:

LDDS04 TTN Payload Decoder: https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LDDS04/Decoder/

function Decoder(bytes, port) {

   var decode = {};

   var value=(bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1]) & 0x3FFF;

   decode.BatV= value/1000;

   decode.EXTI_Trigger=(bytes[0] & 0x80)? "TRUE":"FALSE";

   decode.distance1_cm=(bytes[2]<<8 | bytes[3])/10;

   decode.distance2_cm=(bytes[4]<<8 | bytes[5])/10;

   decode.distance3_cm=(bytes[6]<<8 | bytes[7])/10

   decode.distance4_cm=(bytes[8]<<8 | bytes[9])/10;

   decode.mes_type= bytes[10];

   if(!((bytes[0]==0x03)&&(bytes[10]==0x02)))

   {

     return decode;

   }

}

Data URI imageData URI image​​

 

2.5  Uplink Interval

The LDDS04 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: Change Uplink Interval

2.6  ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server

DATACAKE provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use DATACAKE to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:

 

Step 1: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

Step 2: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:

1654592790040-760.pngData URI imageData URI imageData URI image

1654592800389-571.pngData URI imageData URI imageData URI image

Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake.

Step 4: Create LDDS04 product. 

image-20220611164604-7.png

image-20220611164604-8.png

image-20220611164604-9.png

Step 5 add payload decode

image-20220611164604-10.png

image-20220611164604-11.png

image-20220611164604-12.png

After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Datacake.

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image-20220611164604-15.png

image-20220611164604-16.png

2.7  Frequency Plans

The LDDS45 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.

2.7.1  EU863-870 (EU868)

Uplink:

868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250

868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

868.8 - FSK

 

Downlink:

Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)

869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

2.7.2  US902-928(US915)

 

Used in USA, Canada, and South America. Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.

To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.

After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:

  • Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
  • Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)

 

2.7.3  CN470-510 (CN470)

Used in China, Default use CHE=1

Uplink:

486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

 

Downlink:

506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

2.7.4  AU915-928(AU915)

 

Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.

To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.

 

After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:

  • Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band

  • Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)

 

2.7.5  AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)

Default Uplink channel:

923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

 

Additional Uplink Channel:

(OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)

 

AS920~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore:

922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

 

AS923 ~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam:

923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

 

Downlink:

Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)

923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

2.7.6  KR920-923 (KR920)

Default channel:

922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

 

Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)

922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

 

Downlink:

Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)

921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)

2.7.7  IN865-867 (IN865)

Uplink:

865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

 

Downlink:

Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)

866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

2.8  LED Indicator

The LDDS04 has an internal LED which is used to show the status of different state. 

  • After LDDS04 is turned on, if the 4 channels converter is detected, the LED will flash 4 times quickly.   
  • Blink once when device transmit a packet.
  • Solid ON for Five Seconds when OTAA Join Successfully.

2.9  ​Firmware Change Log

Firmware download link: http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LDDS04/Firmware/

Firmware Upgrade Method: Firmware Upgrade Instruction

3.  Configure LDDS04 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink

Use can configure LDDS04 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

 

There are two kinds of commands to configure LDDS04, they are:

  •  General Commands.

These commands are to configure:

  • General system settings like: uplink interval.

  • LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki: End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command

 

  •  Commands special design for LDDS04

These commands only valid for LDDS04, as below:

Data URI image

3.1  Set Transmit Interval Time

Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

AT Command: AT+TDC

image-20220610173409-7.pngData URI imageData URI image

Downlink Command: 0x01

Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

  • Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E // Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
  • Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C // Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

3.2  Set Interrupt Mode

Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.

Downlink Command: AT+INTMOD

image-20220610174917-9.pngData URI imageData URI image

Downlink Command: 0x06

Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.

This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.

  • Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 // Turn off interrupt mode
  • Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 // Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger

3.3  Get Firmware Version Info

Feature: use downlink to get firmware version.

Downlink Command: 0x26

image-20220607171917-10.png

  • Reply to the confirmation package: 26 01
  • Reply to non-confirmed packet: 26 00

Device will send an uplink after got this downlink command. With below payload:

Configures info payload:

Size(bytes)

1112141
ValueSoftware Type

Frequency

Band

Sub-band

Firmware

Version

Sensor TypeReserve

Message Type
Always 0x02

1654939064380-661.png

Software Type: Always 0x03 for LDDS04

Frequency Band:

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0xa0: AS923-3

Sub-Band: value 0x00 ~ 0x08

Firmware Version: 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version

Sensor Type:

0x01: LSE01

0x02: LDDS75

0x03: LDDS20

0x04: LLMS01

0x05: LSPH01

0x06: LSNPK01

0x07: LLDS12

4. Battery & How to replace

4.1 Battery Type

LDDS04 is equipped with a 8500mAH ER26500 Li-SOCI2 battery. The battery is un-rechargeable battery with low discharge rate targeting for 8~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT target for long-term running, such as water meter.

The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.

1654593587246-335.pngData URI image

Minimum Working Voltage for the LDDS04:

LDDS04:  2.45v ~ 3.6v

4.2 Replace Battery

Any battery with range 2.45 ~ 3.6v can be a replacement. We recommend to use Li-SOCl2 Battery.

And make sure the positive and negative pins match.

4.3 Power Consumption Analyze

Dragino Battery powered product are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an update battery calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit interval.

Instruction to use as below:

Step 1 :  Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from:

https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/

Step 2 :  Open it and choose

  • Product Model
  • Uplink Interval
  • Working Mode

And the Life expectation in difference case will be shown on the right.

1654593605679-189.pngData URI imageData URI imageData URI image

The battery related documents as below:

image-20220607172042-11.pngData URI imageData URI image

4.3.1 ​Battery Note

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

​4.3.2 Replace the battery

You can change the battery in the LSPH01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v.  On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.

The default battery pack of LSPH01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

5.  Use AT Command

5.1  Access AT Commands

LDDS04 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LDDS04 for using AT command, as below.

1654940081538-914.png

Connection:

 USB TTL GND <----> GND

 USB TTL TXD  <----> UART_RXD

 USB TTL RXD  <----> UART_TXD

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to 9600 to access the serial console for LDDS04.

LDDS04 will output system info once power on as below:

 1654593712276-618.png

Valid AT Command please check Configure Device.

6.  FAQ

6.1  How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region

You can follow the instructions for how to upgrade image.
When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​

7.  Trouble Shooting

7.1  AT Command input doesn't work

In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the ENTER while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send ENTER while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string. 

 

8.  Order Info

8.1  Main Device LDDS04

Part Number : LDDS04-XX

XXThe default frequency band

  • AS923 : LoRaWAN AS923 band
  • AU915 : LoRaWAN AU915 band
  • EU433 : LoRaWAN EU433 band
  • EU868 : LoRaWAN EU868 band
  • KR920 : LoRaWAN KR920 band
  • US915 : LoRaWAN US915 band
  • IN865 :  LoRaWAN IN865 band
  • CN470 : LoRaWAN CN470 band

8.2  Probe Model

Detail See Probe Option Section

  • A01A-15
  • A02-15
  • A13-15
  • A16-15

9. ​ Packing Info

Package Includes:

  • LDDS04 LoRaWAN 4-Channels Distance Sensor x 1

Dimension and weight:

  • Device Size: cm
  • Device Weight: g
  • Package Size / pcs : cm
  • Weight / pcs : g

10.  ​Support

  • Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
  • Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to support@dragino.com.
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