Changes for page LSE01-LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor User Manual
Last modified by Bei Jinggeng on 2024/08/02 16:47
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... ... @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ 1 1 (% style="text-align:center" %) 2 -[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height=" 554" width="554"]]2 +[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height="848" width="848"]] 3 3 4 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]] 4 4 5 5 6 -**Contents:** 7 7 8 -{{toc/}} 9 9 10 10 11 11 ... ... @@ -12,40 +12,42 @@ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 -= 1. Introduction = 16 16 17 -== 1.1 What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor == 18 18 19 -((( 20 -The Dragino LSE01 is a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 21 -))) 22 22 23 -((( 24 -It detects (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Moisture**(%%), (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Temperature**(%%) and (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Conductivity**(%%), and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 25 -))) 26 26 27 -((( 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 +1. Introduction 24 +11. What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor 25 + 26 +The Dragino LSE01 is a **LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor** for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 27 + 28 + 29 +It detects **Soil Moisture**, **Soil Temperature** and **Soil Conductivity**, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 30 + 31 + 28 28 The LoRa wireless technology used in LES01 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. 29 -))) 30 30 31 -((( 32 -LES01 is powered by (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 33 -))) 34 34 35 -((( 36 -Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on. 37 -))) 35 +LES01 is powered by **4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**, It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 38 38 39 39 40 - [[image:1654503236291-817.png]]38 +Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on. 41 41 42 42 43 -[[image: 1654503265560-120.png]]41 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]] 44 44 45 45 44 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]] 46 46 47 -== 1.2 Features == 48 48 47 + 48 +* 49 +*1. Features 49 49 * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A 50 50 * Ultra low power consumption 51 51 * Monitor Soil Moisture ... ... @@ -58,50 +58,63 @@ 58 58 * IP66 Waterproof Enclosure 59 59 * 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use 60 60 62 +1. 63 +11. Specification 61 61 62 - 63 -== 1.3 Specification == 64 - 65 65 Measure Volume: Base on the centra pin of the probe, a cylinder with 7cm diameter and 10cm height. 66 66 67 -[[image:image-20220606162220-5.png]] 67 +|**Parameter**|**Soil Moisture**|**Soil Conductivity**|**Soil Temperature** 68 +|**Range**|**0-100.00%**|((( 69 +**0-20000uS/cm** 68 68 71 +**(25℃)(0-20.0EC)** 72 +)))|**-40.00℃~85.00℃** 73 +|**Unit**|**V/V %,**|**uS/cm,**|**℃** 74 +|**Resolution**|**0.01%**|**1 uS/cm**|**0.01℃** 75 +|**Accuracy**|((( 76 +**±3% (0-53%)** 69 69 78 +**±5% (>53%)** 79 +)))|**2%FS,**|((( 80 +**-10℃~50℃:<0.3℃** 70 70 71 -== 1.4 Applications == 82 +**All other: <0.6℃** 83 +))) 84 +|((( 85 +**Measure** 72 72 87 +**Method** 88 +)))|**FDR , with temperature &EC compensate**|**Conductivity , with temperature compensate**|**RTD, and calibrate** 89 + 90 +* 91 +*1. Applications 73 73 * Smart Agriculture 74 74 75 - (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H200B1.5FirmwareChangelog"%)76 - 94 +1. 95 +11. Firmware Change log 77 77 78 - ==1.5 Firmware Change log ==97 +**LSE01 v1.0:** 79 79 99 +* Release 80 80 81 -**LSE01 v1.0 :** Release 101 +1. Configure LSE01 to connect to LoRaWAN network 102 +11. How it works 82 82 104 +The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 83 83 84 84 85 - =2.ConfigureLSE01 toconnect toLoRaWAN network=107 +In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]to set the keys in the LSE01. 86 86 87 -== 2.1 How it works == 88 88 89 -((( 90 -The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 91 -))) 92 92 93 -((( 94 -In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>||anchor="H3.200BUsingtheATCommands"]]. 95 -))) 96 96 112 +1. 113 +11. Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 97 97 98 - 99 -== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) == 100 - 101 101 Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example. 102 102 103 103 104 -[[image: 1654503992078-669.png]]118 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]] 105 105 106 106 107 107 The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server. ... ... @@ -111,22 +111,27 @@ 111 111 112 112 Each LSE01 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below: 113 113 114 -[[image:image-20220606163732-6.jpeg]] 115 115 129 + 130 + 116 116 You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot: 117 117 133 + 118 118 **Add APP EUI in the application** 119 119 120 120 121 -[[image: 1654504596150-405.png]]137 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]] 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 **Add APP KEY and DEV EUI** 126 126 127 -[[image:1654504683289-357.png]] 128 128 144 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]] 129 129 146 +|((( 147 + 148 +))) 130 130 131 131 **Step 2**: Power on LSE01 132 132 ... ... @@ -133,145 +133,127 @@ 133 133 134 134 Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Jumper must be in FLASH position). 135 135 136 -[[image:image-20220606163915-7.png]] 137 137 138 138 139 -**Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel. 157 +|((( 158 + 159 +))) 140 140 141 -[[image: 1654504778294-788.png]]161 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]] 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 -== 2.3 Uplink Payload == 146 146 147 -=== === 148 148 149 - ===2.3.1MOD~=0(DefaultMode)===167 +**Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel. 150 150 169 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]] 170 + 171 + 172 + 173 + 174 +1. 175 +11. Uplink Payload 176 +111. MOD=0(Default Mode) 177 + 151 151 LSE01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 152 152 153 - (((180 + 154 154 Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. 155 - )))182 + 156 156 157 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %) 158 158 |((( 159 159 **Size** 160 160 161 161 **(bytes)** 162 162 )))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 163 -|**Value**|[[BAT>> ||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((189 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 164 164 Temperature 165 165 166 166 (Reserve, Ignore now) 167 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>> ||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]]|(((193 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]]|((( 168 168 MOD & Digital Interrupt 169 169 170 170 (Optional) 171 171 ))) 172 172 199 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]] 173 173 174 -=== 2.3.2 MOD~=1(Original value) === 175 175 202 +1. 203 +11. 204 +111. MOD=1(Original value) 205 + 176 176 This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation). 177 177 178 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %) 179 179 |((( 180 180 **Size** 181 181 182 182 **(bytes)** 183 183 )))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 184 -|**Value**|[[BAT>> ||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((213 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 185 185 Temperature 186 186 187 187 (Reserve, Ignore now) 188 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>> ||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]](raw)|(((217 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]](raw)|((( 189 189 MOD & Digital Interrupt 190 190 191 191 (Optional) 192 192 ))) 193 193 223 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]] 194 194 195 -=== 2.3.3 Battery Info === 225 +1. 226 +11. 227 +111. Battery Info 196 196 197 -((( 198 198 Check the battery voltage for LSE01. 199 -))) 200 200 201 -((( 202 202 Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV 203 -))) 204 204 205 -((( 206 206 Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV 207 -))) 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 -=== 2.3.4 Soil Moisture === 237 +1. 238 +11. 239 +111. Soil Moisture 212 212 213 -((( 214 214 Get the moisture content of the soil. The value range of the register is 0-10000(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the percentage of moisture in the soil. 215 -))) 216 216 217 -((( 218 -For example, if the data you get from the register is __0x05 0xDC__, the moisture content in the soil is 219 -))) 243 +For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x05 0xDC, the moisture content in the soil is 220 220 221 -((( 222 - 223 -))) 245 +**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 224 224 225 -((( 226 -(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 227 -))) 228 228 248 +1. 249 +11. 250 +111. Soil Temperature 229 229 230 - 231 -=== 2.3.5 Soil Temperature === 232 - 233 -((( 234 234 Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x09 0xEC, the temperature content in the soil is 235 -))) 236 236 237 -((( 238 238 **Example**: 239 -))) 240 240 241 -((( 242 242 If payload is 0105H: ((0x0105 & 0x8000)>>15 === 0),temp = 0105(H)/100 = 2.61 °C 243 -))) 244 244 245 -((( 246 246 If payload is FF7EH: ((FF7E & 0x8000)>>15 ===1),temp = (FF7E(H)-FFFF(H))/100 = -1.29 °C 247 -))) 248 248 249 249 261 +1. 262 +11. 263 +111. Soil Conductivity (EC) 250 250 251 - ===2.3.6SoilConductivity(EC)===265 +Obtain soluble salt concentration in soil or soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer or planting medium,. The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000). 252 252 253 -((( 254 -Obtain (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble salt concentration__**(%%) in soil or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer__**(%%) or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__planting medium__**(%%). The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000). 255 -))) 256 - 257 -((( 258 258 For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x00 0xC8, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm. 259 -))) 260 260 261 - (((269 + 262 262 Generally, the EC value of irrigation water is less than 800uS / cm. 263 -))) 264 264 265 - (((266 - 267 - )))272 +1. 273 +11. 274 +111. MOD 268 268 269 -((( 270 - 271 -))) 272 - 273 -=== 2.3.7 MOD === 274 - 275 275 Firmware version at least v2.1 supports changing mode. 276 276 277 277 For example, bytes[10]=90 ... ... @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ 279 279 mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1. 280 280 281 281 282 - **Downlink Command:**283 +Downlink Command: 283 283 284 284 If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0 285 285 ... ... @@ -286,127 +286,107 @@ 286 286 If** **payload =** **0x0A01, workmode=1 287 287 288 288 290 +1. 291 +11. 292 +111. Decode payload in The Things Network 289 289 290 -=== 2.3.8 Decode payload in The Things Network === 291 - 292 292 While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload. 293 293 294 294 295 -[[image: 1654505570700-128.png]]297 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]] 296 296 297 -((( 298 298 The payload decoder function for TTN is here: 299 -))) 300 300 301 -((( 302 302 LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/]] 303 -))) 304 304 305 305 304 +1. 305 +11. Uplink Interval 306 306 307 - ==2.4UplinkInterval==307 +The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: 308 308 309 - The LSE01 by defaultuplinkthe sensordata every 20 minutes.Usercanchangethis interval byATor LoRaWANDownlink. See thislink: [[Change:Main.End.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]]309 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval]] 310 310 311 +1. 312 +11. Downlink Payload 311 311 312 - 313 -== 2.5 Downlink Payload == 314 - 315 315 By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port. 316 316 317 -[[image:image-20220606165544-8.png]] 316 +|**Downlink Control Type**|**FPort**|**Type Code**|**Downlink payload size(bytes)** 317 +|TDC (Transmit Time Interval)|Any|01|4 318 +|RESET|Any|04|2 319 +|AT+CFM|Any|05|4 320 +|INTMOD|Any|06|4 321 +|MOD|Any|0A|2 318 318 323 +**Examples** 319 319 320 -((( 321 -**Examples:** 322 -))) 323 323 324 -((( 325 - 326 -))) 327 - 328 -* ((( 329 329 **Set TDC** 330 -))) 331 331 332 -((( 333 333 If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01. 334 -))) 335 335 336 -((( 337 337 Payload: 01 00 00 1E TDC=30S 338 -))) 339 339 340 -((( 341 341 Payload: 01 00 00 3C TDC=60S 342 -))) 343 343 344 -((( 345 - 346 -))) 347 347 348 -* ((( 349 349 **Reset** 350 -))) 351 351 352 -((( 353 353 If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01 354 -))) 355 355 356 356 357 -* *CFM**340 +**CFM** 358 358 359 359 Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0 360 360 344 +1. 345 +11. Show Data in DataCake IoT Server 361 361 362 - 363 -== 2.6 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server == 364 - 365 -((( 366 366 [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps: 367 -))) 368 368 369 -((( 370 - 371 -))) 372 372 373 -((( 374 374 **Step 1**: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time. 375 -))) 376 376 377 -((( 378 378 **Step 2**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps: 379 -))) 380 380 381 381 382 -[[image: 1654505857935-743.png]]355 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]] 383 383 384 384 385 -[[image: 1654505874829-548.png]]358 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]] 386 386 360 + 361 + 362 + 363 + 387 387 Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake. 388 388 389 389 Step 4: Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI. 390 390 391 391 392 -[[image: 1654505905236-553.png]]369 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]] 393 393 394 394 372 + 395 395 After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices. 396 396 397 -[[image:1654505925508-181.png]] 398 398 376 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]] 399 399 400 400 401 -== 2.7 Frequency Plans == 402 402 380 +1. 381 +11. Frequency Plans 382 + 403 403 The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets. 404 404 385 +1. 386 +11. 387 +111. EU863-870 (EU868) 405 405 406 - === 2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===389 +Uplink: 407 407 408 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 409 - 410 410 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 411 411 412 412 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250 ... ... @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ 426 426 868.8 - FSK 427 427 428 428 429 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**410 +Downlink: 430 430 431 431 Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1) 432 432 ... ... @@ -433,12 +433,13 @@ 433 433 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 434 434 435 435 417 +1. 418 +11. 419 +111. US902-928(US915) 436 436 437 -=== 2.7.2 US902-928(US915) === 438 - 439 439 Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2 440 440 441 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**423 +Uplink: 442 442 443 443 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 444 444 ... ... @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ 457 457 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 458 458 459 459 460 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**442 +Downlink: 461 461 462 462 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 463 463 ... ... @@ -478,12 +478,13 @@ 478 478 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 479 479 480 480 463 +1. 464 +11. 465 +111. CN470-510 (CN470) 481 481 482 -=== 2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) === 483 - 484 484 Used in China, Default use CHE=1 485 485 486 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**469 +Uplink: 487 487 488 488 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 489 489 ... ... @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ 502 502 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 503 503 504 504 505 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**488 +Downlink: 506 506 507 507 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 508 508 ... ... @@ -523,12 +523,13 @@ 523 523 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 524 524 525 525 509 +1. 510 +11. 511 +111. AU915-928(AU915) 526 526 527 -=== 2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) === 528 - 529 529 Default use CHE=2 530 530 531 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**515 +Uplink: 532 532 533 533 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 534 534 ... ... @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ 547 547 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 548 548 549 549 550 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**534 +Downlink: 551 551 552 552 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 553 553 ... ... @@ -567,22 +567,22 @@ 567 567 568 568 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 569 569 554 +1. 555 +11. 556 +111. AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) 570 570 558 +**Default Uplink channel:** 571 571 572 -=== 2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) === 573 - 574 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Default Uplink channel:** 575 - 576 576 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 577 577 578 578 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 579 579 580 580 581 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:565 +**Additional Uplink Channel**: 582 582 583 583 (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 584 584 585 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:569 +**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**: 586 586 587 587 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 588 588 ... ... @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ 597 597 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 598 598 599 599 600 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:584 +**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**: 601 601 602 602 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 603 603 ... ... @@ -612,16 +612,18 @@ 612 612 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 613 613 614 614 615 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:** 616 616 600 +**Downlink:** 601 + 617 617 Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1) 618 618 619 619 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 620 620 621 621 607 +1. 608 +11. 609 +111. KR920-923 (KR920) 622 622 623 -=== 2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) === 624 - 625 625 Default channel: 626 626 627 627 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ 631 631 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 632 632 633 633 634 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**620 +Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 635 635 636 636 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 637 637 ... ... @@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ 648 648 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 649 649 650 650 651 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**637 +Downlink: 652 652 653 653 Uplink channels 1-7(RX1) 654 654 ... ... @@ -655,11 +655,12 @@ 655 655 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125) 656 656 657 657 644 +1. 645 +11. 646 +111. IN865-867 (IN865) 658 658 659 - === 2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===648 +Uplink: 660 660 661 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 662 - 663 663 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 664 664 665 665 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ 667 667 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 668 668 669 669 670 - (% style="color:#037691" %) **Downlink:**657 +Downlink: 671 671 672 672 Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1) 673 673 ... ... @@ -674,143 +674,123 @@ 674 674 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 675 675 676 676 664 +1. 665 +11. LED Indicator 677 677 678 - 679 -== 2.8 LED Indicator == 680 - 681 681 The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state. 682 682 669 + 683 683 * Blink once when device power on. 684 684 * Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network. 685 685 * Blink once when device transmit a packet. 686 686 674 +1. 675 +11. Installation in Soil 687 687 688 -== 2.9 Installation in Soil == 689 - 690 690 **Measurement the soil surface** 691 691 692 692 693 -[[image: 1654506634463-199.png]] 680 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] 694 694 695 -((( 696 -((( 697 697 Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting. 698 -))) 699 -))) 700 700 701 701 702 -[[image:1654506665940-119.png]] 703 703 704 -((( 686 + 687 + 688 + 689 + 690 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]] 691 + 692 + 693 + 705 705 Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM. 706 -))) 707 707 708 -((( 709 709 Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement. 710 -))) 711 711 712 712 713 -== 2.10 Firmware Change Log == 714 714 715 -((( 700 + 701 +1. 702 +11. Firmware Change Log 703 + 716 716 **Firmware download link:** 717 -))) 718 718 719 -((( 720 720 [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]] 721 -))) 722 722 723 -((( 724 - 725 -))) 726 726 727 -((( 728 -**Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]] 729 -))) 709 +**Firmware Upgrade Method:** 730 730 731 -((( 732 - 733 -))) 711 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction]] 734 734 735 - (((713 + 736 736 **V1.0.** 737 -))) 738 738 739 -((( 740 740 Release 741 -))) 742 742 743 743 744 -== 2.11 Battery Analysis == 745 745 746 -=== 2.11.1 Battery Type === 720 +1. 721 +11. Battery Analysis 722 +111. Battery Type 747 747 748 -((( 749 749 The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter. 750 -))) 751 751 752 - (((726 + 753 753 The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50. 754 -))) 755 755 756 -((( 757 -((( 758 -The battery-related documents are as below: 759 -))) 760 -))) 761 761 762 -* ((( 763 -[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 730 +The battery related documents as below: 731 + 732 +* [[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 733 +* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet-EN.pdf]] datasheet, [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet_PM-ER18505-S-02-LF_EN.pdf]] 734 +* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 735 + 736 +|((( 737 +JST-XH-2P connector 764 764 ))) 765 -* ((( 766 -[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]], 767 -))) 768 -* ((( 769 -[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 770 -))) 771 771 772 - -20220606171726-9.png]]740 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]] 773 773 774 774 775 775 776 -=== 2.11.2 Battery Note === 744 +1. 745 +11. 746 +111. Battery Note 777 777 778 -((( 779 779 The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased. 780 -))) 781 781 782 782 751 +1. 752 +11. 753 +111. Replace the battery 783 783 784 -=== 2.11.3 Replace the battery === 785 - 786 -((( 787 787 If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01. 788 -))) 789 789 790 - (((757 + 791 791 You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board. 792 -))) 793 793 794 - (((760 + 795 795 The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes) 796 -))) 797 797 798 798 799 799 765 + 766 + 767 + 800 800 = 3. Using the AT Commands = 801 801 802 802 == 3.1 Access AT Commands == 803 803 804 - 805 805 LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below. 806 806 807 -[[image:1654501986557-872.png ||height="391" width="800"]]774 +[[image:1654501986557-872.png]] 808 808 809 809 810 810 Or if you have below board, use below connection: 811 811 812 812 813 -[[image:1654502005655-729.png ||height="503" width="801"]]780 +[[image:1654502005655-729.png]] 814 814 815 815 816 816 ... ... @@ -817,115 +817,115 @@ 817 817 In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below: 818 818 819 819 820 - [[image:1654502050864-459.png ||height="564" width="806"]]787 + [[image:1654502050864-459.png]] 821 821 822 822 823 823 Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]] 824 824 825 825 826 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>?**(%%)793 +AT+<CMD>? : Help on <CMD> 827 827 828 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>**(%%)795 +AT+<CMD> : Run <CMD> 829 829 830 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=<value>**(%%): Set the value797 +AT+<CMD>=<value> : Set the value 831 831 832 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=?**(%%): Get the value799 +AT+<CMD>=? : Get the value 833 833 834 834 835 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**General Commands**(%%)802 +**General Commands** 836 836 837 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT**(%%): Attention804 +AT : Attention 838 838 839 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT?**(%%): Short Help806 +AT? : Short Help 840 840 841 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**(%%): MCU Reset808 +ATZ : MCU Reset 842 842 843 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TDC**(%%): Application Data Transmission Interval810 +AT+TDC : Application Data Transmission Interval 844 844 845 845 846 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Keys, IDs and EUIs management**813 +**Keys, IDs and EUIs management** 847 847 848 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPEUI**(%%): Application EUI815 +AT+APPEUI : Application EUI 849 849 850 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPKEY**(%%): Application Key817 +AT+APPKEY : Application Key 851 851 852 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPSKEY**(%%): Application Session Key819 +AT+APPSKEY : Application Session Key 853 853 854 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DADDR**(%%): Device Address821 +AT+DADDR : Device Address 855 855 856 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DEUI**(%%): Device EUI823 +AT+DEUI : Device EUI 857 857 858 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKID**(%%): Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection)825 +AT+NWKID : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection) 859 859 860 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKSKEY**(%%): Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network827 +AT+NWKSKEY : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network 861 861 862 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFM**(%%): Confirm Mode829 +AT+CFM : Confirm Mode 863 863 864 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFS**(%%): Confirm Status831 +AT+CFS : Confirm Status 865 865 866 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JOIN**(%%): Join LoRa? Network833 +AT+JOIN : Join LoRa? Network 867 867 868 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM**(%%): LoRa? Network Join Mode835 +AT+NJM : LoRa? Network Join Mode 869 869 870 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJS**(%%): LoRa? Network Join Status837 +AT+NJS : LoRa? Network Join Status 871 871 872 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECV**(%%): Print Last Received Data in Raw Format839 +AT+RECV : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format 873 873 874 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECVB**(%%): Print Last Received Data in Binary Format841 +AT+RECVB : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format 875 875 876 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SEND**(%%): Send Text Data843 +AT+SEND : Send Text Data 877 877 878 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SENB**(%%): Send Hexadecimal Data845 +AT+SENB : Send Hexadecimal Data 879 879 880 880 881 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Network Management**848 +**LoRa Network Management** 882 882 883 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ADR**(%%): Adaptive Rate850 +AT+ADR : Adaptive Rate 884 884 885 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CLASS**(%%): LoRa Class(Currently only support class A852 +AT+CLASS : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A 886 886 887 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DCS**(%%): Duty Cycle Setting854 +AT+DCS : Duty Cycle Setting 888 888 889 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DR**(%%): Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0)856 +AT+DR : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0) 890 890 891 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCD**(%%): Frame Counter Downlink858 +AT+FCD : Frame Counter Downlink 892 892 893 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCU**(%%): Frame Counter Uplink860 +AT+FCU : Frame Counter Uplink 894 894 895 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN1DL**(%%): Join Accept Delay1862 +AT+JN1DL : Join Accept Delay1 896 896 897 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN2DL**(%%): Join Accept Delay2864 +AT+JN2DL : Join Accept Delay2 898 898 899 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PNM**(%%): Public Network Mode866 +AT+PNM : Public Network Mode 900 900 901 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX1DL**(%%): Receive Delay1868 +AT+RX1DL : Receive Delay1 902 902 903 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DL**(%%): Receive Delay2870 +AT+RX2DL : Receive Delay2 904 904 905 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DR**(%%): Rx2 Window Data Rate872 +AT+RX2DR : Rx2 Window Data Rate 906 906 907 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2FQ**(%%): Rx2 Window Frequency874 +AT+RX2FQ : Rx2 Window Frequency 908 908 909 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TXP**(%%): Transmit Power876 +AT+TXP : Transmit Power 910 910 911 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ MOD**(%%): Set work mode878 +AT+ MOD : Set work mode 912 912 913 913 914 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Information**881 +**Information** 915 915 916 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RSSI**(%%): RSSI of the Last Received Packet883 +AT+RSSI : RSSI of the Last Received Packet 917 917 918 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SNR**(%%): SNR of the Last Received Packet885 +AT+SNR : SNR of the Last Received Packet 919 919 920 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+VER**(%%): Image Version and Frequency Band887 +AT+VER : Image Version and Frequency Band 921 921 922 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FDR**(%%): Factory Data Reset889 +AT+FDR : Factory Data Reset 923 923 924 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PORT**(%%): Application Port891 +AT+PORT : Application Port 925 925 926 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHS**(%%): Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode893 +AT+CHS : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode 927 927 928 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHE**(%%): Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470895 + AT+CHE : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470 929 929 930 930 931 931 = 4. FAQ = ... ... @@ -932,38 +932,20 @@ 932 932 933 933 == 4.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? == 934 934 935 -((( 936 -You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]]. 902 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]]. 937 937 When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. 938 -))) 939 939 940 -((( 941 - 942 -))) 943 943 944 -((( 945 945 How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies. 946 -))) 947 947 948 -((( 949 - 950 -))) 951 951 952 -((( 953 953 You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA. 954 -))) 955 955 956 -((( 957 - 958 -))) 959 959 960 -((( 961 961 For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets. 962 -))) 963 963 964 964 [[image:image-20220606154726-3.png]] 965 965 966 - 967 967 When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are: 968 968 969 969 * 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 ... ... @@ -976,9 +976,7 @@ 976 976 * 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 977 977 * 904.6 - SF8BW500 978 978 979 -((( 980 980 Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run: 981 -))) 982 982 983 983 (% class="box infomessage" %) 984 984 ((( ... ... @@ -990,17 +990,10 @@ 990 990 **ATZ** 991 991 ))) 992 992 993 -((( 994 994 to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink. 995 -))) 996 996 997 -((( 998 - 999 -))) 1000 1000 1001 -((( 1002 1002 The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels. 1003 -))) 1004 1004 1005 1005 [[image:image-20220606154825-4.png]] 1006 1006 ... ... @@ -1015,9 +1015,7 @@ 1015 1015 1016 1016 == 5.2 AT Command input doesn’t work == 1017 1017 1018 -((( 1019 1019 In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string. 1020 -))) 1021 1021 1022 1022 1023 1023 == 5.3 Device rejoin in at the second uplink packet == ... ... @@ -1029,9 +1029,7 @@ 1029 1029 1030 1030 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Cause for this issue:** 1031 1031 1032 -((( 1033 1033 The fuse on LSE01 is not large enough, some of the soil probe require large current up to 5v 800mA, in a short pulse. When this happen, it cause the device reboot so user see rejoin. 1034 -))) 1035 1035 1036 1036 1037 1037 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Solution: ** ... ... @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ 1038 1038 1039 1039 All new shipped LSE01 after 2020-May-30 will have this to fix. For the customer who see this issue, please bypass the fuse as below: 1040 1040 1041 -[[image:1654500929571-736.png ||height="458" width="832"]]977 +[[image:1654500929571-736.png]] 1042 1042 1043 1043 1044 1044 = 6. Order Info = ... ... @@ -1063,17 +1063,10 @@ 1063 1063 * (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): 4000mAh battery 1064 1064 * (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): 8500mAh battery 1065 1065 1066 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 1067 -((( 1068 - 1069 -))) 1070 - 1071 1071 = 7. Packing Info = 1072 1072 1073 1073 ((( 1074 - 1075 - 1076 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Package Includes**: 1005 +**Package Includes**: 1077 1077 ))) 1078 1078 1079 1079 * ((( ... ... @@ -1082,8 +1082,10 @@ 1082 1082 1083 1083 ((( 1084 1084 1014 +))) 1085 1085 1086 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Dimension and weight**: 1016 +((( 1017 +**Dimension and weight**: 1087 1087 ))) 1088 1088 1089 1089 * ((( ... ... @@ -1097,8 +1097,6 @@ 1097 1097 ))) 1098 1098 * ((( 1099 1099 Weight / pcs : g 1100 - 1101 - 1102 1102 ))) 1103 1103 1104 1104 = 8. Support =
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