Changes for page LSE01-LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor User Manual
Last modified by Bei Jinggeng on 2024/08/02 16:47
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... ... @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ 1 1 (% style="text-align:center" %) 2 -[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height=" 554" width="554"]]2 +[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height="848" width="848"]] 3 3 4 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]] 4 4 5 5 6 -**Contents:** 7 7 8 -{{toc/}} 9 9 10 10 11 11 ... ... @@ -12,40 +12,42 @@ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 -= 1. Introduction = 16 16 17 -== 1.1 What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor == 18 18 19 -((( 20 -The Dragino LSE01 is a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 21 -))) 22 22 23 -((( 24 -It detects (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Moisture**(%%), (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Temperature**(%%) and (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Conductivity**(%%), and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 25 -))) 26 26 27 -((( 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 +1. Introduction 24 +11. What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor 25 + 26 +The Dragino LSE01 is a **LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor** for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 27 + 28 + 29 +It detects **Soil Moisture**, **Soil Temperature** and **Soil Conductivity**, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 30 + 31 + 28 28 The LoRa wireless technology used in LES01 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. 29 -))) 30 30 31 -((( 32 -LES01 is powered by (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 33 -))) 34 34 35 -((( 36 -Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on. 37 -))) 35 +LES01 is powered by **4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**, It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 38 38 39 39 40 - [[image:1654503236291-817.png]]38 +Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on. 41 41 42 42 43 -[[image: 1654503265560-120.png]]41 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]] 44 44 45 45 44 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]] 46 46 47 -== 1.2 Features == 48 48 47 + 48 +* 49 +*1. Features 49 49 * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A 50 50 * Ultra low power consumption 51 51 * Monitor Soil Moisture ... ... @@ -58,48 +58,63 @@ 58 58 * IP66 Waterproof Enclosure 59 59 * 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use 60 60 61 -== 1.3 Specification == 62 +1. 63 +11. Specification 62 62 63 63 Measure Volume: Base on the centra pin of the probe, a cylinder with 7cm diameter and 10cm height. 64 64 65 -[[image:image-20220606162220-5.png]] 67 +|**Parameter**|**Soil Moisture**|**Soil Conductivity**|**Soil Temperature** 68 +|**Range**|**0-100.00%**|((( 69 +**0-20000uS/cm** 66 66 71 +**(25℃)(0-20.0EC)** 72 +)))|**-40.00℃~85.00℃** 73 +|**Unit**|**V/V %,**|**uS/cm,**|**℃** 74 +|**Resolution**|**0.01%**|**1 uS/cm**|**0.01℃** 75 +|**Accuracy**|((( 76 +**±3% (0-53%)** 67 67 78 +**±5% (>53%)** 79 +)))|**2%FS,**|((( 80 +**-10℃~50℃:<0.3℃** 68 68 69 -== 1.4 Applications == 82 +**All other: <0.6℃** 83 +))) 84 +|((( 85 +**Measure** 70 70 87 +**Method** 88 +)))|**FDR , with temperature &EC compensate**|**Conductivity , with temperature compensate**|**RTD, and calibrate** 89 + 90 +* 91 +*1. Applications 71 71 * Smart Agriculture 72 72 73 - (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H200B1.5FirmwareChangelog"%)74 - 94 +1. 95 +11. Firmware Change log 75 75 76 - ==1.5 Firmware Change log ==97 +**LSE01 v1.0:** 77 77 99 +* Release 78 78 79 -**LSE01 v1.0 :** Release 101 +1. Configure LSE01 to connect to LoRaWAN network 102 +11. How it works 80 80 104 +The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 81 81 82 82 83 - =2.ConfigureLSE01 toconnect toLoRaWAN network=107 +In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]to set the keys in the LSE01. 84 84 85 -== 2.1 How it works == 86 86 87 -((( 88 -The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 89 -))) 90 90 91 -((( 92 -In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>||anchor="H3.200BUsingtheATCommands"]]. 93 -))) 94 94 112 +1. 113 +11. Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 95 95 96 - 97 -== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) == 98 - 99 99 Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example. 100 100 101 101 102 -[[image: 1654503992078-669.png]]118 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]] 103 103 104 104 105 105 The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server. ... ... @@ -109,170 +109,155 @@ 109 109 110 110 Each LSE01 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below: 111 111 112 -[[image:image-20220606163732-6.jpeg]] 113 113 129 + 130 + 114 114 You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot: 115 115 133 + 116 116 **Add APP EUI in the application** 117 117 118 118 119 -[[image: 1654504596150-405.png]]137 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]] 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 **Add APP KEY and DEV EUI** 124 124 125 -[[image:1654504683289-357.png]] 126 126 144 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]] 127 127 146 +|((( 147 + 148 +))) 128 128 150 + 129 129 **Step 2**: Power on LSE01 130 130 131 131 132 132 Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Jumper must be in FLASH position). 133 133 134 -[[image:image-20220606163915-7.png]] 135 135 136 136 137 -**Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel. 158 +|((( 159 + 160 +))) 138 138 139 -[[image: 1654504778294-788.png]]162 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]] 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 -== 2.3 Uplink Payload == 144 144 145 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 146 -=== === 147 147 148 - ===2.3.1MOD~=0(DefaultMode)===168 +**Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel. 149 149 170 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]] 171 + 172 + 173 + 174 + 175 +1. 176 +11. Uplink Payload 177 +111. MOD=0(Default Mode) 178 + 150 150 LSE01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 151 151 152 - (((181 + 153 153 Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. 154 - )))183 + 155 155 156 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %) 157 157 |((( 158 158 **Size** 159 159 160 160 **(bytes)** 161 161 )))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 162 -|**Value**|[[BAT>> ||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((190 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 163 163 Temperature 164 164 165 165 (Reserve, Ignore now) 166 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>> ||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]]|(((194 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]]|((( 167 167 MOD & Digital Interrupt 168 168 169 169 (Optional) 170 170 ))) 171 171 200 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]] 172 172 173 173 174 -=== 2.3.2 MOD~=1(Original value) === 203 +1. 204 +11. 205 +111. MOD=1(Original value) 175 175 176 176 This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation). 177 177 178 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %) 179 179 |((( 180 180 **Size** 181 181 182 182 **(bytes)** 183 183 )))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 184 -|**Value**|[[BAT>> ||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((214 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 185 185 Temperature 186 186 187 187 (Reserve, Ignore now) 188 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>> ||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]](raw)|(((218 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]](raw)|((( 189 189 MOD & Digital Interrupt 190 190 191 191 (Optional) 192 192 ))) 193 193 224 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]] 194 194 226 +1. 227 +11. 228 +111. Battery Info 195 195 196 -=== 2.3.3 Battery Info === 197 - 198 -((( 199 199 Check the battery voltage for LSE01. 200 -))) 201 201 202 -((( 203 203 Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV 204 -))) 205 205 206 -((( 207 207 Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV 208 -))) 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 -=== 2.3.4 Soil Moisture === 238 +1. 239 +11. 240 +111. Soil Moisture 213 213 214 -((( 215 215 Get the moisture content of the soil. The value range of the register is 0-10000(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the percentage of moisture in the soil. 216 -))) 217 217 218 -((( 219 -For example, if the data you get from the register is __0x05 0xDC__, the moisture content in the soil is 220 -))) 244 +For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x05 0xDC, the moisture content in the soil is 221 221 222 -((( 223 - 224 -))) 246 +**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 225 225 226 -((( 227 -(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 228 -))) 229 229 249 +1. 250 +11. 251 +111. Soil Temperature 230 230 231 - 232 -=== 2.3.5 Soil Temperature === 233 - 234 -((( 235 235 Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x09 0xEC, the temperature content in the soil is 236 -))) 237 237 238 -((( 239 239 **Example**: 240 -))) 241 241 242 -((( 243 243 If payload is 0105H: ((0x0105 & 0x8000)>>15 === 0),temp = 0105(H)/100 = 2.61 °C 244 -))) 245 245 246 -((( 247 247 If payload is FF7EH: ((FF7E & 0x8000)>>15 ===1),temp = (FF7E(H)-FFFF(H))/100 = -1.29 °C 248 -))) 249 249 250 250 262 +1. 263 +11. 264 +111. Soil Conductivity (EC) 251 251 252 - ===2.3.6SoilConductivity(EC)===266 +Obtain soluble salt concentration in soil or soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer or planting medium,. The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000). 253 253 254 -((( 255 -Obtain (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble salt concentration__**(%%) in soil or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer__**(%%) or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__planting medium__**(%%). The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000). 256 -))) 257 - 258 -((( 259 259 For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x00 0xC8, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm. 260 -))) 261 261 262 - (((270 + 263 263 Generally, the EC value of irrigation water is less than 800uS / cm. 264 -))) 265 265 266 - (((267 - 268 - )))273 +1. 274 +11. 275 +111. MOD 269 269 270 -((( 271 - 272 -))) 273 - 274 -=== 2.3.7 MOD === 275 - 276 276 Firmware version at least v2.1 supports changing mode. 277 277 278 278 For example, bytes[10]=90 ... ... @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ 280 280 mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1. 281 281 282 282 283 - **Downlink Command:**284 +Downlink Command: 284 284 285 285 If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0 286 286 ... ... @@ -287,13 +287,14 @@ 287 287 If** **payload =** **0x0A01, workmode=1 288 288 289 289 291 +1. 292 +11. 293 +111. Decode payload in The Things Network 290 290 291 -=== 2.3.8 Decode payload in The Things Network === 292 - 293 293 While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload. 294 294 295 295 296 -[[image: 1654505570700-128.png]]298 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]] 297 297 298 298 The payload decoder function for TTN is here: 299 299 ... ... @@ -300,25 +300,30 @@ 300 300 LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/]] 301 301 302 302 305 +1. 306 +11. Uplink Interval 303 303 304 - ==2.4UplinkInterval==308 +The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: 305 305 306 - The LSE01 by defaultuplinkthe sensordata every 20 minutes.Usercanchangethis interval byATor LoRaWANDownlink. See thislink: [[Change:Main.End.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]]310 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval]] 307 307 312 +1. 313 +11. Downlink Payload 308 308 309 - 310 -== 2.5 Downlink Payload == 311 - 312 312 By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port. 313 313 314 -[[image:image-20220606165544-8.png]] 317 +|**Downlink Control Type**|**FPort**|**Type Code**|**Downlink payload size(bytes)** 318 +|TDC (Transmit Time Interval)|Any|01|4 319 +|RESET|Any|04|2 320 +|AT+CFM|Any|05|4 321 +|INTMOD|Any|06|4 322 +|MOD|Any|0A|2 315 315 324 +**Examples** 316 316 317 -**Examples:** 318 318 327 +**Set TDC** 319 319 320 -* **Set TDC** 321 - 322 322 If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01. 323 323 324 324 Payload: 01 00 00 1E TDC=30S ... ... @@ -326,19 +326,18 @@ 326 326 Payload: 01 00 00 3C TDC=60S 327 327 328 328 329 -* *Reset**336 +**Reset** 330 330 331 331 If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01 332 332 333 333 334 -* *CFM**341 +**CFM** 335 335 336 336 Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0 337 337 345 +1. 346 +11. Show Data in DataCake IoT Server 338 338 339 - 340 -== 2.6 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server == 341 - 342 342 [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps: 343 343 344 344 ... ... @@ -347,34 +347,42 @@ 347 347 **Step 2**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps: 348 348 349 349 350 -[[image: 1654505857935-743.png]]356 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]] 351 351 352 352 353 -[[image: 1654505874829-548.png]]359 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]] 354 354 361 + 362 + 363 + 364 + 355 355 Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake. 356 356 357 357 Step 4: Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI. 358 358 359 359 360 -[[image: 1654505905236-553.png]]370 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]] 361 361 362 362 373 + 363 363 After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices. 364 364 365 -[[image:1654505925508-181.png]] 366 366 377 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]] 367 367 368 368 369 -== 2.7 Frequency Plans == 370 370 381 +1. 382 +11. Frequency Plans 383 + 371 371 The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets. 372 372 386 +1. 387 +11. 388 +111. EU863-870 (EU868) 373 373 374 - === 2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===390 +Uplink: 375 375 376 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 377 - 378 378 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 379 379 380 380 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250 ... ... @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ 394 394 868.8 - FSK 395 395 396 396 397 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**411 +Downlink: 398 398 399 399 Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1) 400 400 ... ... @@ -401,12 +401,13 @@ 401 401 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 402 402 403 403 418 +1. 419 +11. 420 +111. US902-928(US915) 404 404 405 -=== 2.7.2 US902-928(US915) === 406 - 407 407 Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2 408 408 409 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**424 +Uplink: 410 410 411 411 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 412 412 ... ... @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ 425 425 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 426 426 427 427 428 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**443 +Downlink: 429 429 430 430 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 431 431 ... ... @@ -446,12 +446,13 @@ 446 446 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 447 447 448 448 464 +1. 465 +11. 466 +111. CN470-510 (CN470) 449 449 450 -=== 2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) === 451 - 452 452 Used in China, Default use CHE=1 453 453 454 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**470 +Uplink: 455 455 456 456 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 457 457 ... ... @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ 470 470 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 471 471 472 472 473 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**489 +Downlink: 474 474 475 475 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 476 476 ... ... @@ -491,12 +491,13 @@ 491 491 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 492 492 493 493 510 +1. 511 +11. 512 +111. AU915-928(AU915) 494 494 495 -=== 2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) === 496 - 497 497 Default use CHE=2 498 498 499 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**516 +Uplink: 500 500 501 501 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 502 502 ... ... @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ 515 515 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 516 516 517 517 518 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**535 +Downlink: 519 519 520 520 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 521 521 ... ... @@ -535,22 +535,22 @@ 535 535 536 536 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 537 537 555 +1. 556 +11. 557 +111. AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) 538 538 559 +**Default Uplink channel:** 539 539 540 -=== 2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) === 541 - 542 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Default Uplink channel:** 543 - 544 544 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 545 545 546 546 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 547 547 548 548 549 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:566 +**Additional Uplink Channel**: 550 550 551 551 (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 552 552 553 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:570 +**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**: 554 554 555 555 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 556 556 ... ... @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ 565 565 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 566 566 567 567 568 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:585 +**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**: 569 569 570 570 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 571 571 ... ... @@ -580,16 +580,18 @@ 580 580 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 581 581 582 582 583 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:** 584 584 601 +**Downlink:** 602 + 585 585 Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1) 586 586 587 587 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 588 588 589 589 608 +1. 609 +11. 610 +111. KR920-923 (KR920) 590 590 591 -=== 2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) === 592 - 593 593 Default channel: 594 594 595 595 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ 599 599 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 600 600 601 601 602 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**621 +Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 603 603 604 604 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 605 605 ... ... @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ 616 616 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 617 617 618 618 619 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**638 +Downlink: 620 620 621 621 Uplink channels 1-7(RX1) 622 622 ... ... @@ -623,11 +623,12 @@ 623 623 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125) 624 624 625 625 645 +1. 646 +11. 647 +111. IN865-867 (IN865) 626 626 627 - === 2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===649 +Uplink: 628 628 629 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 630 - 631 631 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 632 632 633 633 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ 635 635 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 636 636 637 637 638 - (% style="color:#037691" %) **Downlink:**658 +Downlink: 639 639 640 640 Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1) 641 641 ... ... @@ -642,297 +642,262 @@ 642 642 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 643 643 644 644 665 +1. 666 +11. LED Indicator 645 645 646 - 647 -== 2.8 LED Indicator == 648 - 649 649 The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state. 650 650 670 + 651 651 * Blink once when device power on. 652 652 * Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network. 653 653 * Blink once when device transmit a packet. 654 654 675 +1. 676 +11. Installation in Soil 655 655 656 - 657 -== 2.9 Installation in Soil == 658 - 659 659 **Measurement the soil surface** 660 660 661 661 662 -[[image: 1654506634463-199.png]] 681 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] 663 663 664 -((( 665 -((( 666 666 Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting. 667 -))) 668 -))) 669 669 670 670 671 -[[image:1654506665940-119.png]] 672 672 673 -((( 687 + 688 + 689 + 690 + 691 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]] 692 + 693 + 694 + 674 674 Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM. 675 -))) 676 676 677 -((( 678 678 Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement. 679 -))) 680 680 681 681 682 -== 2.10 Firmware Change Log == 683 683 684 -((( 701 + 702 +1. 703 +11. Firmware Change Log 704 + 685 685 **Firmware download link:** 686 -))) 687 687 688 -((( 689 689 [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]] 690 -))) 691 691 692 -((( 693 - 694 -))) 695 695 696 -((( 697 -**Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]] 698 -))) 710 +**Firmware Upgrade Method:** 699 699 700 -((( 701 - 702 -))) 712 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction]] 703 703 704 - (((714 + 705 705 **V1.0.** 706 -))) 707 707 708 -((( 709 709 Release 710 -))) 711 711 712 712 713 -== 2.11 Battery Analysis == 714 714 715 -=== 2.11.1 Battery Type === 721 +1. 722 +11. Battery Analysis 723 +111. Battery Type 716 716 717 -((( 718 718 The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter. 719 -))) 720 720 721 - (((727 + 722 722 The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50. 723 -))) 724 724 725 -((( 726 -((( 727 -The battery-related documents are as below: 728 -))) 729 -))) 730 730 731 -* ((( 732 -[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 731 +The battery related documents as below: 732 + 733 +* [[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 734 +* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet-EN.pdf]] datasheet, [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet_PM-ER18505-S-02-LF_EN.pdf]] 735 +* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 736 + 737 +|((( 738 +JST-XH-2P connector 733 733 ))) 734 -* ((( 735 -[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]], 736 -))) 737 -* ((( 738 -[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 739 -))) 740 740 741 - -20220606171726-9.png]]741 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]] 742 742 743 743 744 744 745 -=== 2.11.2 Battery Note === 745 +1. 746 +11. 747 +111. Battery Note 746 746 747 -((( 748 748 The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased. 749 -))) 750 750 751 751 752 +1. 753 +11. 754 +111. Replace the battery 752 752 753 -=== 2.11.3 Replace the battery === 754 - 755 -((( 756 756 If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01. 757 -))) 758 758 759 - (((758 + 760 760 You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board. 761 -))) 762 762 763 - (((761 + 764 764 The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes) 765 -))) 766 766 767 767 768 768 769 -= 3. Using the AT Commands = 770 770 771 -== 3.1 Access AT Commands == 772 772 773 773 769 +1. Using the AT Commands 770 +11. Access AT Commands 771 + 774 774 LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below. 775 775 776 -[[image: 1654501986557-872.png||height="391" width="800"]]774 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]] 777 777 778 778 779 779 Or if you have below board, use below connection: 780 780 781 781 782 -[[image: 1654502005655-729.png||height="503" width="801"]]780 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]] 783 783 784 784 785 785 786 -In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%)to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below:784 +In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to **9600** to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below: 787 787 788 788 789 - [[image: 1654502050864-459.png||height="564" width="806"]]787 + [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]] 790 790 791 791 792 792 Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]] 793 793 794 794 795 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>?**(%%)793 +AT+<CMD>? : Help on <CMD> 796 796 797 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>**(%%)795 +AT+<CMD> : Run <CMD> 798 798 799 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=<value>**(%%): Set the value797 +AT+<CMD>=<value> : Set the value 800 800 801 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=?**(%%)799 +AT+<CMD>=? : Get the value 802 802 803 803 804 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**General Commands**(%%)802 +**General Commands** 805 805 806 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT**(%%)804 +AT : Attention 807 807 808 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT?**(%%)806 +AT? : Short Help 809 809 810 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**(%%)808 +ATZ : MCU Reset 811 811 812 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TDC**(%%)810 +AT+TDC : Application Data Transmission Interval 813 813 814 814 815 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Keys, IDs and EUIs management**813 +**Keys, IDs and EUIs management** 816 816 817 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPEUI**(%%): Application EUI815 +AT+APPEUI : Application EUI 818 818 819 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPKEY**(%%): Application Key817 +AT+APPKEY : Application Key 820 820 821 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPSKEY**(%%): Application Session Key819 +AT+APPSKEY : Application Session Key 822 822 823 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DADDR**(%%): Device Address821 +AT+DADDR : Device Address 824 824 825 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DEUI**(%%): Device EUI823 +AT+DEUI : Device EUI 826 826 827 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKID**(%%): Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection)825 +AT+NWKID : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection) 828 828 829 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKSKEY**(%%): Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network827 +AT+NWKSKEY : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network 830 830 831 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFM**(%%)829 +AT+CFM : Confirm Mode 832 832 833 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFS**(%%): Confirm Status831 +AT+CFS : Confirm Status 834 834 835 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JOIN**(%%)833 +AT+JOIN : Join LoRa? Network 836 836 837 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM**(%%)835 +AT+NJM : LoRa? Network Join Mode 838 838 839 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJS**(%%): LoRa? Network Join Status837 +AT+NJS : LoRa? Network Join Status 840 840 841 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECV**(%%): Print Last Received Data in Raw Format839 +AT+RECV : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format 842 842 843 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECVB**(%%): Print Last Received Data in Binary Format841 +AT+RECVB : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format 844 844 845 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SEND**(%%): Send Text Data843 +AT+SEND : Send Text Data 846 846 847 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SENB**(%%): Send Hexadecimal Data845 +AT+SENB : Send Hexadecimal Data 848 848 849 849 850 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Network Management**848 +**LoRa Network Management** 851 851 852 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ADR**(%%): Adaptive Rate850 +AT+ADR : Adaptive Rate 853 853 854 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CLASS**(%%)852 +AT+CLASS : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A 855 855 856 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DCS**(%%)854 +AT+DCS : Duty Cycle Setting 857 857 858 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DR**(%%)856 +AT+DR : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0) 859 859 860 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCD**(%%)858 +AT+FCD : Frame Counter Downlink 861 861 862 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCU**(%%)860 +AT+FCU : Frame Counter Uplink 863 863 864 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN1DL**(%%)862 +AT+JN1DL : Join Accept Delay1 865 865 866 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN2DL**(%%)864 +AT+JN2DL : Join Accept Delay2 867 867 868 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PNM**(%%)866 +AT+PNM : Public Network Mode 869 869 870 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX1DL**(%%)868 +AT+RX1DL : Receive Delay1 871 871 872 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DL**(%%)870 +AT+RX2DL : Receive Delay2 873 873 874 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DR**(%%)872 +AT+RX2DR : Rx2 Window Data Rate 875 875 876 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2FQ**(%%)874 +AT+RX2FQ : Rx2 Window Frequency 877 877 878 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TXP**(%%)876 +AT+TXP : Transmit Power 879 879 880 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ MOD**(%%)878 +AT+ MOD : Set work mode 881 881 882 882 883 - (% style="color:#037691" %)**Information**881 +**Information** 884 884 885 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RSSI**(%%): RSSI of the Last Received Packet883 +AT+RSSI : RSSI of the Last Received Packet 886 886 887 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SNR**(%%): SNR of the Last Received Packet885 +AT+SNR : SNR of the Last Received Packet 888 888 889 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+VER**(%%): Image Version and Frequency Band887 +AT+VER : Image Version and Frequency Band 890 890 891 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FDR**(%%): Factory Data Reset889 +AT+FDR : Factory Data Reset 892 892 893 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PORT**(%%)891 +AT+PORT : Application Port 894 894 895 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHS**(%%)893 +AT+CHS : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode 896 896 897 - (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHE**(%%)895 + AT+CHE : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470 898 898 899 899 898 + 899 + 900 + 901 + 902 + 900 900 = 4. FAQ = 901 901 902 902 == 4.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? == 903 903 904 -((( 905 -You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]]. 907 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]]. 906 906 When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. 907 -))) 908 908 909 -((( 910 - 911 -))) 912 912 913 -((( 914 914 How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies. 915 -))) 916 916 917 -((( 918 - 919 -))) 920 920 921 -((( 922 922 You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA. 923 -))) 924 924 925 -((( 926 - 927 -))) 928 928 929 -((( 930 930 For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets. 931 -))) 932 932 933 933 [[image:image-20220606154726-3.png]] 934 934 935 - 936 936 When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are: 937 937 938 938 * 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 ... ... @@ -945,9 +945,8 @@ 945 945 * 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 946 946 * 904.6 - SF8BW500 947 947 948 - (((933 + 949 949 Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run: 950 -))) 951 951 952 952 (% class="box infomessage" %) 953 953 ((( ... ... @@ -959,17 +959,10 @@ 959 959 **ATZ** 960 960 ))) 961 961 962 -((( 963 963 to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink. 964 -))) 965 965 966 -((( 967 - 968 -))) 969 969 970 -((( 971 971 The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels. 972 -))) 973 973 974 974 [[image:image-20220606154825-4.png]] 975 975 ... ... @@ -984,9 +984,7 @@ 984 984 985 985 == 5.2 AT Command input doesn’t work == 986 986 987 -((( 988 988 In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string. 989 -))) 990 990 991 991 992 992 == 5.3 Device rejoin in at the second uplink packet == ... ... @@ -998,9 +998,7 @@ 998 998 999 999 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Cause for this issue:** 1000 1000 1001 -((( 1002 1002 The fuse on LSE01 is not large enough, some of the soil probe require large current up to 5v 800mA, in a short pulse. When this happen, it cause the device reboot so user see rejoin. 1003 -))) 1004 1004 1005 1005 1006 1006 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Solution: ** ... ... @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ 1007 1007 1008 1008 All new shipped LSE01 after 2020-May-30 will have this to fix. For the customer who see this issue, please bypass the fuse as below: 1009 1009 1010 -[[image:1654500929571-736.png ||height="458" width="832"]]983 +[[image:1654500929571-736.png]] 1011 1011 1012 1012 1013 1013 = 6. Order Info = ... ... @@ -1032,17 +1032,10 @@ 1032 1032 * (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): 4000mAh battery 1033 1033 * (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): 8500mAh battery 1034 1034 1035 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 1036 -((( 1037 - 1038 -))) 1039 - 1040 1040 = 7. Packing Info = 1041 1041 1042 1042 ((( 1043 - 1044 - 1045 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Package Includes**: 1011 +**Package Includes**: 1046 1046 ))) 1047 1047 1048 1048 * ((( ... ... @@ -1051,8 +1051,10 @@ 1051 1051 1052 1052 ((( 1053 1053 1020 +))) 1054 1054 1055 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Dimension and weight**: 1022 +((( 1023 +**Dimension and weight**: 1056 1056 ))) 1057 1057 1058 1058 * ((( ... ... @@ -1066,9 +1066,6 @@ 1066 1066 ))) 1067 1067 * ((( 1068 1068 Weight / pcs : g 1069 - 1070 - 1071 - 1072 1072 ))) 1073 1073 1074 1074 = 8. Support = ... ... @@ -1077,6 +1077,3 @@ 1077 1077 * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]] 1078 1078 1079 1079 1080 -~)~)~) 1081 -~)~)~) 1082 -~)~)~)
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