Changes for page LSE01-LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor User Manual
Last modified by Bei Jinggeng on 2024/08/02 16:47
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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ 1 1 (% style="text-align:center" %) 2 -[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height=" 848" width="848"]]2 +[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height="554" width="554"]] 3 3 4 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]] 5 5 6 6 6 +**Contents:** 7 7 8 +{{toc/}} 8 8 9 9 10 10 ... ... @@ -11,42 +11,40 @@ 11 11 12 12 13 13 15 += 1. Introduction = 14 14 17 +== 1.1 What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor == 15 15 19 +((( 20 +The Dragino LSE01 is a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 21 +))) 16 16 23 +((( 24 +It detects (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Moisture**(%%), (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Temperature**(%%) and (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Soil Conductivity**(%%), and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 25 +))) 17 17 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22 - 23 -1. Introduction 24 -11. What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor 25 - 26 -The Dragino LSE01 is a **LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor** for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type. 27 - 28 - 29 -It detects **Soil Moisture**, **Soil Temperature** and **Soil Conductivity**, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server. 30 - 31 - 27 +((( 32 32 The LoRa wireless technology used in LES01 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. 29 +))) 33 33 31 +((( 32 +LES01 is powered by (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 33 +))) 34 34 35 -LES01 is powered by **4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**, It is designed for long term use up to 10 years. 36 - 37 - 35 +((( 38 38 Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on. 37 +))) 39 39 40 40 41 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]40 +[[image:1654503236291-817.png]] 42 42 43 43 44 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]43 +[[image:1654503265560-120.png]] 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 - *49 - *1. Features47 +== 1.2 Features == 48 + 50 50 * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A 51 51 * Ultra low power consumption 52 52 * Monitor Soil Moisture ... ... @@ -59,63 +59,48 @@ 59 59 * IP66 Waterproof Enclosure 60 60 * 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use 61 61 62 -1. 63 -11. Specification 61 +== 1.3 Specification == 64 64 65 65 Measure Volume: Base on the centra pin of the probe, a cylinder with 7cm diameter and 10cm height. 66 66 67 -|**Parameter**|**Soil Moisture**|**Soil Conductivity**|**Soil Temperature** 68 -|**Range**|**0-100.00%**|((( 69 -**0-20000uS/cm** 65 +[[image:image-20220606162220-5.png]] 70 70 71 -**(25℃)(0-20.0EC)** 72 -)))|**-40.00℃~85.00℃** 73 -|**Unit**|**V/V %,**|**uS/cm,**|**℃** 74 -|**Resolution**|**0.01%**|**1 uS/cm**|**0.01℃** 75 -|**Accuracy**|((( 76 -**±3% (0-53%)** 77 77 78 -**±5% (>53%)** 79 -)))|**2%FS,**|((( 80 -**-10℃~50℃:<0.3℃** 81 81 82 -**All other: <0.6℃** 83 -))) 84 -|((( 85 -**Measure** 69 +== 1.4 Applications == 86 86 87 -**Method** 88 -)))|**FDR , with temperature &EC compensate**|**Conductivity , with temperature compensate**|**RTD, and calibrate** 89 - 90 -* 91 -*1. Applications 92 92 * Smart Agriculture 93 93 94 -1. 95 - 11.Firmware Change log73 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H200B1.5FirmwareChangelog" %) 74 + 96 96 97 - **LSE01v1.0:**76 +== 1.5 Firmware Change log == 98 98 99 -* Release 100 100 101 -1. Configure LSE01 to connect to LoRaWAN network 102 -11. How it works 79 +**LSE01 v1.0 :** Release 103 103 104 -The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 105 105 106 106 107 - Incaseyou can’t set the OTAA keysin the LoRaWANOTAA server, and you havetousehekeys fromthe server, youcan [[useATCommands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]toset thekeysin the LSE01.83 += 2. Configure LSE01 to connect to LoRaWAN network = 108 108 85 +== 2.1 How it works == 109 109 87 +((( 88 +The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value 89 +))) 110 110 91 +((( 92 +In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>||anchor="H3.200BUsingtheATCommands"]]. 93 +))) 111 111 112 -1. 113 -11. Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) 114 114 96 + 97 +== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) == 98 + 115 115 Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example. 116 116 117 117 118 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]102 +[[image:1654503992078-669.png]] 119 119 120 120 121 121 The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server. ... ... @@ -125,27 +125,22 @@ 125 125 126 126 Each LSE01 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below: 127 127 112 +[[image:image-20220606163732-6.jpeg]] 128 128 129 - 130 - 131 131 You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot: 132 132 133 - 134 134 **Add APP EUI in the application** 135 135 136 136 137 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]119 +[[image:1654504596150-405.png]] 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 **Add APP KEY and DEV EUI** 142 142 125 +[[image:1654504683289-357.png]] 143 143 144 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]] 145 145 146 -|((( 147 - 148 -))) 149 149 150 150 **Step 2**: Power on LSE01 151 151 ... ... @@ -152,28 +152,18 @@ 152 152 153 153 Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Jumper must be in FLASH position). 154 154 134 +[[image:image-20220606163915-7.png]] 155 155 156 156 157 -|((( 158 - 159 -))) 160 - 161 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]] 162 - 163 - 164 - 165 - 166 - 167 167 **Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel. 168 168 169 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]139 +[[image:1654504778294-788.png]] 170 170 171 171 172 172 143 +== 2.3 Uplink Payload == 173 173 174 -1. 175 -11. Uplink Payload 176 -111. MOD=0(Default Mode) 145 +=== 2.3.1 MOD~=0(Default Mode) === 177 177 178 178 LSE01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 179 179 ... ... @@ -181,51 +181,70 @@ 181 181 Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. 182 182 183 183 184 -|((( 153 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:510px" %) 154 +|=((( 185 185 **Size** 186 186 187 187 **(bytes)** 188 -)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 189 -|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 158 +)))|=(% style="width: 45px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**1** 159 +|**Value**|(% style="width:45px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:80px" %)((( 160 +((( 190 190 Temperature 162 +))) 191 191 164 +((( 192 192 (Reserve, Ignore now) 193 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]]|((( 166 +))) 167 +)))|(% style="width:80px" %)[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|(% style="width:80px" %)[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|(% style="width:80px" %)[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]]|(% style="width:80px" %)((( 168 +((( 194 194 MOD & Digital Interrupt 170 +))) 195 195 172 +((( 196 196 (Optional) 197 197 ))) 175 +))) 198 198 199 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]177 +[[image:1654504881641-514.png]] 200 200 201 201 202 -1. 203 -11. 204 -111. MOD=1(Original value) 205 205 181 +=== 2.3.2 MOD~=1(Original value) === 182 + 206 206 This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation). 207 207 208 -|((( 185 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:510px" %) 186 +|=((( 209 209 **Size** 210 210 211 211 **(bytes)** 212 -)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1** 213 -|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|((( 190 +)))|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**1** 191 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|((( 192 +((( 214 214 Temperature 194 +))) 215 215 196 +((( 216 216 (Reserve, Ignore now) 217 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]](raw)|((( 198 +))) 199 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|((( 200 +[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]](raw) 201 +)))|((( 202 +((( 218 218 MOD & Digital Interrupt 204 +))) 219 219 206 +((( 220 220 (Optional) 221 221 ))) 209 +))) 222 222 223 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]]211 +[[image:1654504907647-967.png]] 224 224 225 -1. 226 -11. 227 -111. Battery Info 228 228 214 + 215 +=== 2.3.3 Battery Info === 216 + 229 229 Check the battery voltage for LSE01. 230 230 231 231 Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV ... ... @@ -234,21 +234,19 @@ 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 -1. 238 -11. 239 -111. Soil Moisture 225 +=== 2.3.4 Soil Moisture === 240 240 241 241 Get the moisture content of the soil. The value range of the register is 0-10000(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the percentage of moisture in the soil. 242 242 243 -For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x05 0xDC, the moisture content in the soil is 229 +For example, if the data you get from the register is __0x05 0xDC__, the moisture content in the soil is 244 244 245 -**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 246 246 232 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.** 247 247 248 -1. 249 -11. 250 -111. Soil Temperature 251 251 235 + 236 +=== 2.3.5 Soil Temperature === 237 + 252 252 Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x09 0xEC, the temperature content in the soil is 253 253 254 254 **Example**: ... ... @@ -258,21 +258,31 @@ 258 258 If payload is FF7EH: ((FF7E & 0x8000)>>15 ===1),temp = (FF7E(H)-FFFF(H))/100 = -1.29 °C 259 259 260 260 261 -1. 262 -11. 263 -111. Soil Conductivity (EC) 264 264 265 - Obtainsolublesalt concentration in soil or soluble iononcentration in liquid fertilizer or planting medium,. Thevalue range of the registeris 0 - 20000(Decimal)(Can be greater than 20000).248 +=== 2.3.6 Soil Conductivity (EC) === 266 266 250 +((( 251 +Obtain (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble salt concentration__**(%%) in soil or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer__**(%%) or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__planting medium__**(%%). The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000). 252 +))) 253 + 254 +((( 267 267 For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x00 0xC8, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm. 256 +))) 268 268 269 - 258 +((( 270 270 Generally, the EC value of irrigation water is less than 800uS / cm. 260 +))) 271 271 272 - 1.273 - 11.274 - 111. MOD262 +((( 263 + 264 +))) 275 275 266 +((( 267 + 268 +))) 269 + 270 +=== 2.3.7 MOD === 271 + 276 276 Firmware version at least v2.1 supports changing mode. 277 277 278 278 For example, bytes[10]=90 ... ... @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ 280 280 mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1. 281 281 282 282 283 -Downlink Command: 279 +**Downlink Command:** 284 284 285 285 If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0 286 286 ... ... @@ -287,14 +287,13 @@ 287 287 If** **payload =** **0x0A01, workmode=1 288 288 289 289 290 -1. 291 -11. 292 -111. Decode payload in The Things Network 293 293 287 +=== 2.3.8 Decode payload in The Things Network === 288 + 294 294 While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload. 295 295 296 296 297 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]]292 +[[image:1654505570700-128.png]] 298 298 299 299 The payload decoder function for TTN is here: 300 300 ... ... @@ -301,30 +301,25 @@ 301 301 LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/]] 302 302 303 303 304 -1. 305 -11. Uplink Interval 306 306 307 - TheLSE01by default uplinkthe sensor dataevery 20 minutes. User can change this intervalby AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link:300 +== 2.4 Uplink Interval == 308 308 309 - [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval]]302 +The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[Change Uplink Interval>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]] 310 310 311 -1. 312 -11. Downlink Payload 313 313 305 + 306 +== 2.5 Downlink Payload == 307 + 314 314 By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port. 315 315 316 -|**Downlink Control Type**|**FPort**|**Type Code**|**Downlink payload size(bytes)** 317 -|TDC (Transmit Time Interval)|Any|01|4 318 -|RESET|Any|04|2 319 -|AT+CFM|Any|05|4 320 -|INTMOD|Any|06|4 321 -|MOD|Any|0A|2 310 +[[image:image-20220606165544-8.png]] 322 322 323 -**Examples** 324 324 313 +**Examples:** 325 325 326 -**Set TDC** 327 327 316 +* **Set TDC** 317 + 328 328 If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01. 329 329 330 330 Payload: 01 00 00 1E TDC=30S ... ... @@ -332,18 +332,19 @@ 332 332 Payload: 01 00 00 3C TDC=60S 333 333 334 334 335 -**Reset** 325 +* **Reset** 336 336 337 337 If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01 338 338 339 339 340 -**CFM** 330 +* **CFM** 341 341 342 342 Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0 343 343 344 -1. 345 -11. Show Data in DataCake IoT Server 346 346 335 + 336 +== 2.6 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server == 337 + 347 347 [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps: 348 348 349 349 ... ... @@ -352,42 +352,34 @@ 352 352 **Step 2**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps: 353 353 354 354 355 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]]346 +[[image:1654505857935-743.png]] 356 356 357 357 358 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]349 +[[image:1654505874829-548.png]] 359 359 360 - 361 - 362 - 363 - 364 364 Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake. 365 365 366 366 Step 4: Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI. 367 367 368 368 369 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]]356 +[[image:1654505905236-553.png]] 370 370 371 371 372 - 373 373 After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices. 374 374 361 +[[image:1654505925508-181.png]] 375 375 376 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]] 377 377 378 378 365 +== 2.7 Frequency Plans == 379 379 380 -1. 381 -11. Frequency Plans 382 - 383 383 The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets. 384 384 385 -1. 386 -11. 387 -111. EU863-870 (EU868) 388 388 389 -U plink:370 +=== 2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) === 390 390 372 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 373 + 391 391 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 392 392 393 393 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250 ... ... @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ 407 407 868.8 - FSK 408 408 409 409 410 -Downlink: 393 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:** 411 411 412 412 Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1) 413 413 ... ... @@ -414,13 +414,12 @@ 414 414 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 415 415 416 416 417 -1. 418 -11. 419 -111. US902-928(US915) 420 420 401 +=== 2.7.2 US902-928(US915) === 402 + 421 421 Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2 422 422 423 -Uplink: 405 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:** 424 424 425 425 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 426 426 ... ... @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ 439 439 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 440 440 441 441 442 -Downlink: 424 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:** 443 443 444 444 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 445 445 ... ... @@ -460,13 +460,12 @@ 460 460 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 461 461 462 462 463 -1. 464 -11. 465 -111. CN470-510 (CN470) 466 466 446 +=== 2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) === 447 + 467 467 Used in China, Default use CHE=1 468 468 469 -Uplink: 450 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:** 470 470 471 471 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 472 472 ... ... @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ 485 485 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 486 486 487 487 488 -Downlink: 469 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:** 489 489 490 490 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 491 491 ... ... @@ -506,13 +506,12 @@ 506 506 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only) 507 507 508 508 509 -1. 510 -11. 511 -111. AU915-928(AU915) 512 512 491 +=== 2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) === 492 + 513 513 Default use CHE=2 514 514 515 -Uplink: 495 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:** 516 516 517 517 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 518 518 ... ... @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ 531 531 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 532 532 533 533 534 -Downlink: 514 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:** 535 535 536 536 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500 537 537 ... ... @@ -551,22 +551,22 @@ 551 551 552 552 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only) 553 553 554 -1. 555 -11. 556 -111. AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) 557 557 558 -**Default Uplink channel:** 559 559 536 +=== 2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) === 537 + 538 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Default Uplink channel:** 539 + 560 560 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 561 561 562 562 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 563 563 564 564 565 -**Additional Uplink Channel**: 545 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**: 566 566 567 567 (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 568 568 569 -**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**: 549 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**: 570 570 571 571 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 572 572 ... ... @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ 581 581 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 582 582 583 583 584 -**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**: 564 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**: 585 585 586 586 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 587 587 ... ... @@ -596,18 +596,16 @@ 596 596 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 597 597 598 598 579 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:** 599 599 600 -**Downlink:** 601 - 602 602 Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1) 603 603 604 604 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 605 605 606 606 607 -1. 608 -11. 609 -111. KR920-923 (KR920) 610 610 587 +=== 2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) === 588 + 611 611 Default channel: 612 612 613 613 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ 617 617 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 618 618 619 619 620 -Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message) 598 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)** 621 621 622 622 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 623 623 ... ... @@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ 634 634 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 635 635 636 636 637 -Downlink: 615 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:** 638 638 639 639 Uplink channels 1-7(RX1) 640 640 ... ... @@ -641,12 +641,11 @@ 641 641 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125) 642 642 643 643 644 -1. 645 -11. 646 -111. IN865-867 (IN865) 647 647 648 - Uplink:623 +=== 2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) === 649 649 625 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:** 626 + 650 650 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 651 651 652 652 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 ... ... @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ 654 654 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 655 655 656 656 657 -Downlink: 634 +(% style="color:#037691" %) **Downlink:** 658 658 659 659 Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1) 660 660 ... ... @@ -661,123 +661,142 @@ 661 661 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2) 662 662 663 663 664 -1. 665 -11. LED Indicator 666 666 667 -The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state. 668 668 643 +== 2.8 LED Indicator == 669 669 645 +The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state. 646 + 670 670 * Blink once when device power on. 671 671 * Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network. 672 672 * Blink once when device transmit a packet. 673 673 674 -1. 675 -11. Installation in Soil 651 +== 2.9 Installation in Soil == 676 676 677 677 **Measurement the soil surface** 678 678 679 679 680 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] 656 +[[image:1654506634463-199.png]] 681 681 658 +((( 659 +((( 682 682 Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting. 661 +))) 662 +))) 683 683 684 684 665 +[[image:1654506665940-119.png]] 685 685 686 - 687 - 688 - 689 - 690 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]] 691 - 692 - 693 - 667 +((( 694 694 Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM. 669 +))) 695 695 671 +((( 696 696 Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement. 673 +))) 697 697 698 698 676 +== 2.10 Firmware Change Log == 699 699 700 - 701 -1. 702 -11. Firmware Change Log 703 - 678 +((( 704 704 **Firmware download link:** 680 +))) 705 705 682 +((( 706 706 [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]] 684 +))) 707 707 686 +((( 687 + 688 +))) 708 708 709 -**Firmware Upgrade Method:** 690 +((( 691 +**Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]] 692 +))) 710 710 711 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction]] 694 +((( 695 + 696 +))) 712 712 713 - 698 +((( 714 714 **V1.0.** 700 +))) 715 715 702 +((( 716 716 Release 704 +))) 717 717 718 718 707 +== 2.11 Battery Analysis == 719 719 720 -1. 721 -11. Battery Analysis 722 -111. Battery Type 709 +=== 2.11.1 Battery Type === 723 723 711 +((( 724 724 The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter. 713 +))) 725 725 726 - 715 +((( 727 727 The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50. 717 +))) 728 728 719 +((( 720 +((( 721 +The battery-related documents are as below: 722 +))) 723 +))) 729 729 730 -The battery related documents as below: 731 - 732 -* [[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 733 -* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet-EN.pdf]] datasheet, [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet_PM-ER18505-S-02-LF_EN.pdf]] 734 -* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 735 - 736 -|((( 737 -JST-XH-2P connector 725 +* ((( 726 +[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]], 738 738 ))) 728 +* ((( 729 +[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]], 730 +))) 731 +* ((( 732 +[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]] 733 +))) 739 739 740 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]735 + [[image:image-20220606171726-9.png]] 741 741 742 742 743 743 744 -1. 745 -11. 746 -111. Battery Note 739 +=== 2.11.2 Battery Note === 747 747 741 +((( 748 748 The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased. 743 +))) 749 749 750 750 751 -1. 752 -11. 753 -111. Replace the battery 754 754 747 +=== 2.11.3 Replace the battery === 748 + 749 +((( 755 755 If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01. 751 +))) 756 756 757 - 753 +((( 758 758 You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board. 755 +))) 759 759 760 - 757 +((( 761 761 The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes) 759 +))) 762 762 763 763 764 764 765 - 766 - 767 - 768 768 = 3. Using the AT Commands = 769 769 770 770 == 3.1 Access AT Commands == 771 771 767 + 772 772 LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below. 773 773 774 -[[image:1654501986557-872.png]] 770 +[[image:1654501986557-872.png||height="391" width="800"]] 775 775 776 776 777 777 Or if you have below board, use below connection: 778 778 779 779 780 -[[image:1654502005655-729.png]] 776 +[[image:1654502005655-729.png||height="503" width="801"]] 781 781 782 782 783 783 ... ... @@ -784,115 +784,115 @@ 784 784 In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below: 785 785 786 786 787 - [[image:1654502050864-459.png]] 783 + [[image:1654502050864-459.png||height="564" width="806"]] 788 788 789 789 790 790 Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]] 791 791 792 792 793 -AT+<CMD>? 789 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>? **(%%) : Help on <CMD> 794 794 795 -AT+<CMD> 791 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD> **(%%) : Run <CMD> 796 796 797 -AT+<CMD>=<value> : Set the value 793 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=<value>**(%%) : Set the value 798 798 799 -AT+<CMD>=? : Get the value 795 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=?**(%%) : Get the value 800 800 801 801 802 -**General Commands** 798 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**General Commands**(%%) 803 803 804 -AT : Attention 800 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT**(%%) : Attention 805 805 806 -AT? : Short Help 802 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT?**(%%) : Short Help 807 807 808 -ATZ : MCU Reset 804 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**(%%) : MCU Reset 809 809 810 -AT+TDC : Application Data Transmission Interval 806 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TDC**(%%) : Application Data Transmission Interval 811 811 812 812 813 -**Keys, IDs and EUIs management** 809 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Keys, IDs and EUIs management** 814 814 815 -AT+APPEUI : Application EUI 811 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPEUI**(%%) : Application EUI 816 816 817 -AT+APPKEY : Application Key 813 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPKEY**(%%) : Application Key 818 818 819 -AT+APPSKEY : Application Session Key 815 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPSKEY**(%%) : Application Session Key 820 820 821 -AT+DADDR : Device Address 817 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DADDR**(%%) : Device Address 822 822 823 -AT+DEUI : Device EUI 819 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DEUI**(%%) : Device EUI 824 824 825 -AT+NWKID : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after 821 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKID**(%%) : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection) 826 826 827 -AT+NWKSKEY : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network 823 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKSKEY**(%%) : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network 828 828 829 -AT+CFM : Confirm Mode 825 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFM**(%%) : Confirm Mode 830 830 831 -AT+CFS : Confirm Status 827 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFS**(%%) : Confirm Status 832 832 833 -AT+JOIN : Join LoRa? Network 829 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JOIN**(%%) : Join LoRa? Network 834 834 835 -AT+NJM : LoRa? Network Join Mode 831 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM**(%%) : LoRa? Network Join Mode 836 836 837 -AT+NJS : LoRa? Network Join Status 833 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJS**(%%) : LoRa? Network Join Status 838 838 839 -AT+RECV : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format 835 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECV**(%%) : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format 840 840 841 -AT+RECVB : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format 837 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECVB**(%%) : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format 842 842 843 -AT+SEND : Send Text Data 839 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SEND**(%%) : Send Text Data 844 844 845 -AT+SENB : Send Hexadecimal Data 841 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SENB**(%%) : Send Hexadecimal Data 846 846 847 847 848 -**LoRa Network Management** 844 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Network Management** 849 849 850 -AT+ADR : Adaptive Rate 846 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ADR**(%%) : Adaptive Rate 851 851 852 -AT+CLASS : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A 848 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CLASS**(%%) : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A 853 853 854 -AT+DCS : Duty Cycle Setting 850 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DCS**(%%) : Duty Cycle Setting 855 855 856 -AT+DR : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0) 852 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DR**(%%) : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0) 857 857 858 -AT+FCD : Frame Counter Downlink 854 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCD**(%%) : Frame Counter Downlink 859 859 860 -AT+FCU : Frame Counter Uplink 856 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCU**(%%) : Frame Counter Uplink 861 861 862 -AT+JN1DL : Join Accept Delay1 858 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN1DL**(%%) : Join Accept Delay1 863 863 864 -AT+JN2DL : Join Accept Delay2 860 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN2DL**(%%) : Join Accept Delay2 865 865 866 -AT+PNM : Public Network Mode 862 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PNM**(%%) : Public Network Mode 867 867 868 -AT+RX1DL : Receive Delay1 864 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX1DL**(%%) : Receive Delay1 869 869 870 -AT+RX2DL : Receive Delay2 866 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DL**(%%) : Receive Delay2 871 871 872 -AT+RX2DR : Rx2 Window Data Rate 868 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DR**(%%) : Rx2 Window Data Rate 873 873 874 -AT+RX2FQ : Rx2 Window Frequency 870 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2FQ**(%%) : Rx2 Window Frequency 875 875 876 -AT+TXP : Transmit Power 872 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TXP**(%%) : Transmit Power 877 877 878 -AT+ MOD : Set work mode 874 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ MOD**(%%) : Set work mode 879 879 880 880 881 -**Information** 877 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Information** 882 882 883 -AT+RSSI : RSSI of the Last Received Packet 879 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RSSI**(%%) : RSSI of the Last Received Packet 884 884 885 -AT+SNR : SNR of the Last Received Packet 881 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SNR**(%%) : SNR of the Last Received Packet 886 886 887 -AT+VER : Image Version and Frequency Band 883 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+VER**(%%) : Image Version and Frequency Band 888 888 889 -AT+FDR : Factory Data Reset 885 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FDR**(%%) : Factory Data Reset 890 890 891 -AT+PORT : Application Port 887 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PORT**(%%) : Application Port 892 892 893 -AT+CHS : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode 889 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHS**(%%) : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode 894 894 895 - AT+CHE : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470 891 + (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHE**(%%) : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470 896 896 897 897 898 898 = 4. FAQ = ... ... @@ -899,20 +899,38 @@ 899 899 900 900 == 4.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? == 901 901 902 -You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]]. 898 +((( 899 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]]. 903 903 When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. 901 +))) 904 904 903 +((( 904 + 905 +))) 905 905 907 +((( 906 906 How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies. 909 +))) 907 907 911 +((( 912 + 913 +))) 908 908 915 +((( 909 909 You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA. 917 +))) 910 910 919 +((( 920 + 921 +))) 911 911 923 +((( 912 912 For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets. 925 +))) 913 913 914 914 [[image:image-20220606154726-3.png]] 915 915 929 + 916 916 When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are: 917 917 918 918 * 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 ... ... @@ -925,7 +925,9 @@ 925 925 * 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125 926 926 * 904.6 - SF8BW500 927 927 942 +((( 928 928 Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run: 944 +))) 929 929 930 930 (% class="box infomessage" %) 931 931 ((( ... ... @@ -937,10 +937,17 @@ 937 937 **ATZ** 938 938 ))) 939 939 956 +((( 940 940 to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink. 958 +))) 941 941 960 +((( 961 + 962 +))) 942 942 964 +((( 943 943 The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels. 966 +))) 944 944 945 945 [[image:image-20220606154825-4.png]] 946 946 ... ... @@ -955,7 +955,9 @@ 955 955 956 956 == 5.2 AT Command input doesn’t work == 957 957 981 +((( 958 958 In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string. 983 +))) 959 959 960 960 961 961 == 5.3 Device rejoin in at the second uplink packet == ... ... @@ -967,7 +967,9 @@ 967 967 968 968 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Cause for this issue:** 969 969 995 +((( 970 970 The fuse on LSE01 is not large enough, some of the soil probe require large current up to 5v 800mA, in a short pulse. When this happen, it cause the device reboot so user see rejoin. 997 +))) 971 971 972 972 973 973 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Solution: ** ... ... @@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ 974 974 975 975 All new shipped LSE01 after 2020-May-30 will have this to fix. For the customer who see this issue, please bypass the fuse as below: 976 976 977 -[[image:1654500929571-736.png]] 1004 +[[image:1654500929571-736.png||height="458" width="832"]] 978 978 979 979 980 980 = 6. Order Info = ... ... @@ -999,10 +999,17 @@ 999 999 * (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): 4000mAh battery 1000 1000 * (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): 8500mAh battery 1001 1001 1029 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 1030 +((( 1031 + 1032 +))) 1033 + 1002 1002 = 7. Packing Info = 1003 1003 1004 1004 ((( 1005 -**Package Includes**: 1037 + 1038 + 1039 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Package Includes**: 1006 1006 ))) 1007 1007 1008 1008 * ((( ... ... @@ -1011,10 +1011,8 @@ 1011 1011 1012 1012 ((( 1013 1013 1014 -))) 1015 1015 1016 -((( 1017 -**Dimension and weight**: 1049 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Dimension and weight**: 1018 1018 ))) 1019 1019 1020 1020 * ((( ... ... @@ -1028,6 +1028,9 @@ 1028 1028 ))) 1029 1029 * ((( 1030 1030 Weight / pcs : g 1063 + 1064 + 1065 + 1031 1031 ))) 1032 1032 1033 1033 = 8. Support =
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