<
From version < 99.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/19 09:31
To version < 146.6 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/08/16 14:18
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

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Title
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1 -LA66 LoRaWAN Module
1 +LA66 LoRaWAN Shield User Manual
Content
... ... @@ -6,41 +6,59 @@
6 6  
7 7  
8 8  
9 -= 1.  LA66 LoRaWAN Module =
10 10  
10 += 1.  LA66 LoRaWAN Shield =
11 11  
12 -== 1.1  What is LA66 LoRaWAN Module ==
13 13  
13 +== 1.1  Overview ==
14 14  
15 +
15 15  (((
16 -[[image:image-20220715000242-1.png||height="110" width="132"]]
17 +[[image:image-20220715000826-2.png||height="145" width="220"]]
18 +)))
17 17  
18 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Dragino LA66**(%%) is a small wireless LoRaWAN module that offers a very compelling mix of long-range, low power consumption, and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial-level LoRaWAN and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to create and connect your things everywhere.
20 +(((
21 +
19 19  )))
20 20  
21 21  (((
22 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
25 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 LoRaWAN Shield**(%%) is the Arduino shield base on LA66. Users can use LA66 LoRaWAN Shield to rapidly add LoRaWAN or peer-to-peer LoRa wireless function to  Arduino projects.
23 23  )))
24 24  
25 25  (((
29 +(((
30 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely.  This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
31 +)))
32 +)))
33 +
34 +(((
35 +(((
26 26  Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
27 27  )))
38 +)))
28 28  
29 29  (((
41 +(((
30 30  Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
31 31  )))
44 +)))
32 32  
33 33  (((
47 +(((
34 34  LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
35 35  )))
50 +)))
36 36  
37 37  
53 +
38 38  == 1.2  Features ==
39 39  
56 +
57 +* Arduino Shield base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
40 40  * Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
41 41  * Support peer-to-peer protocol
42 42  * TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
43 -* SMD Antenna pad and i-pex antenna connector
61 +* SMA connector
44 44  * Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands.
45 45  * World-wide unique OTAA keys.
46 46  * AT Command via UART-TTL interface
... ... @@ -49,8 +49,10 @@
49 49  
50 50  
51 51  
70 +
52 52  == 1.3  Specification ==
53 53  
73 +
54 54  * CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
55 55  * Flash: 256KB
56 56  * RAM: 64KB
... ... @@ -72,115 +72,108 @@
72 72  
73 73  
74 74  
75 -== 1.4  AT Command ==
95 +== 1.4  Pin Mapping & LED ==
76 76  
77 77  
78 -AT Command is valid over Main TXD and Main RXD. Serial Baud Rate is 9600. AT commands can be found in AT Command documents.
98 +[[image:image-20220814101457-1.png||height="553" width="761"]]
79 79  
100 +~1. The LED lights up red when there is an upstream data packet
101 +2. When the network is successfully connected, the green light will be on for 5 seconds
102 +3. Purple light on when receiving downlink data packets
80 80  
81 81  
82 -== 1.5  Dimension ==
83 83  
84 -[[image:image-20220718094750-3.png]]
106 +== 1.5  Example: Use AT Command to communicate with LA66 module via Arduino UNO. ==
85 85  
86 86  
109 +**Show connection diagram:**
87 87  
88 88  
89 -== 1.6  Pin Mapping ==
112 +[[image:image-20220723170210-2.png||height="908" width="681"]]
90 90  
91 91  
92 -[[image:image-20220523101537-1.png]]
93 93  
116 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  open Arduino IDE**
94 94  
95 95  
96 -== 1.7  Land Pattern ==
119 +[[image:image-20220723170545-4.png]]
97 97  
98 -[[image:image-20220517072821-2.png]]
99 99  
100 100  
123 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Open project**
101 101  
102 -= 2.  LA66 LoRaWAN Shield =
103 103  
126 +LA66-LoRaWAN-shield-AT-command-via-Arduino-UNO source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/cx0pspkwu62pr97/AAAbKh2ioPdZfSDtdDpooYqha?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/cx0pspkwu62pr97/AAAbKh2ioPdZfSDtdDpooYqha?dl=0]]
104 104  
105 -== 2.1  Overview ==
128 +[[image:image-20220726135239-1.png]]
106 106  
107 107  
108 -[[image:image-20220715000826-2.png||height="386" width="449"]]
131 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.  Click the button marked 1 in the figure to compile, and after the compilation is complete, click the button marked 2 in the figure to upload**
109 109  
133 +[[image:image-20220726135356-2.png]]
110 110  
111 -LA66 LoRaWAN Shield is the Arduino shield base on LA66. Users can use LA66 LoRaWAN Shield to rapidly add LoRaWAN or peer-to-peer LoRa wireless function to  Arduino projects.
112 112  
113 -(((
114 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
115 -)))
136 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4.  After the upload is successful, open the serial port monitoring and send the AT command**
116 116  
117 -(((
118 -Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
119 -)))
120 120  
121 -(((
122 -Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
123 -)))
139 +[[image:image-20220723172235-7.png||height="480" width="1027"]]
124 124  
125 -(((
126 -LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
127 -)))
128 128  
129 129  
130 -== 2.2  Features ==
143 +== 1.6  Example: Join TTN network and send an uplink message, get downlink message. ==
131 131  
132 -* Arduino Shield base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
133 -* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
134 -* Support peer-to-peer protocol
135 -* TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
136 -* SMA connector
137 -* Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands.
138 -* World-wide unique OTAA keys.
139 -* AT Command via UART-TTL interface
140 -* Firmware upgradable via UART interface
141 -* Ultra-long RF range
142 142  
143 -== 2.3  Specification ==
146 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1Open project**
144 144  
145 -* CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
146 -* Flash: 256KB
147 -* RAM: 64KB
148 -* Input Power Range: 1.8v ~~ 3.7v
149 -* Power Consumption: < 4uA.
150 -* Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz
151 -* Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output
152 -* High sensitivity: -148 dBm
153 -* Temperature:
154 -** Storage: -55 ~~ +125℃
155 -** Operating: -40 ~~ +85℃
156 -* Humidity:
157 -** Storage: 5 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
158 -** Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
159 -* LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm
160 -* LoRa Rx current: <9 mA
161 -* I/O Voltage: 3.3v
162 162  
163 -== 2.4  Pin Mapping & LED ==
149 +Join-TTN-network source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/0sjyncafa0gjv00/AACC2m1orov-QHRkvH8-ddCka?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0sjyncafa0gjv00/AACC2m1orov-QHRkvH8-ddCka?dl=0]]
164 164  
165 165  
152 +[[image:image-20220723172502-8.png]]
166 166  
167 -== 2.5  Example: Use AT Command to communicate with LA66 module via Arduino UNO. ==
168 168  
169 169  
156 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Same steps as 2.5,after opening the serial port monitoring, it will automatically connect to the network and send packets**
170 170  
171 -== 2.6  Example: Join TTN network and send an uplink message, get downlink message. ==
172 172  
159 +[[image:image-20220723172938-9.png||height="652" width="1050"]]
173 173  
174 174  
175 -== 2.7  Example: Log Temperature Sensor(DHT11) and send data to TTN, show it in DataCake. ==
176 176  
163 +== 1.7  Example: Log Temperature Sensor(DHT11) and send data to TTN, show it in Node-RED. ==
177 177  
178 178  
179 -== 2.8  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield ==
166 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1Open project**
180 180  
181 181  
182 -=== 2.8.1  Items needed for update ===
169 +Log-Temperature-Sensor-and-send-data-to-TTN source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/0aagmrpec1lxmva/AABMXWVMSHG9dK1_Zv_7xOmCa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0aagmrpec1lxmva/AABMXWVMSHG9dK1_Zv_7xOmCa?dl=0]]
183 183  
171 +
172 +[[image:image-20220723173341-10.png||height="581" width="1014"]]
173 +
174 +
175 +
176 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Same steps as 2.5,after opening the serial port monitoring, it will automatically connect to the network and send packets**
177 +
178 +
179 +[[image:image-20220723173950-11.png||height="665" width="1012"]]
180 +
181 +
182 +
183 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.  Integration into Node-red via TTNV3**
184 +
185 +For the usage of Node-RED, please refer to: [[http:~~/~~/8.211.40.43:8080/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/>>http://8.211.40.43:8080/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/]]
186 +
187 +[[image:image-20220723175700-12.png||height="602" width="995"]]
188 +
189 +
190 +
191 +== 1.8  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield ==
192 +
193 +
194 +=== 1.8.1  Items needed for update ===
195 +
196 +
184 184  1. LA66 LoRaWAN Shield
185 185  1. Arduino
186 186  1. USB TO TTL Adapter
... ... @@ -188,9 +188,10 @@
188 188  [[image:image-20220602100052-2.png||height="385" width="600"]]
189 189  
190 190  
191 -=== 2.8.2  Connection ===
192 192  
205 +=== 1.8.2  Connection ===
193 193  
207 +
194 194  [[image:image-20220602101311-3.png||height="276" width="600"]]
195 195  
196 196  
... ... @@ -213,10 +213,11 @@
213 213  [[image:image-20220602102240-4.png||height="304" width="600"]]
214 214  
215 215  
230 +
216 216  === 2.8.3  Upgrade steps ===
217 217  
218 218  
219 -==== 1.  Switch SW1 to put in ISP position ====
234 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)1.  Switch SW1 to put in ISP position(%%) ====
220 220  
221 221  
222 222  [[image:image-20220602102824-5.png||height="306" width="600"]]
... ... @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
223 223  
224 224  
225 225  
226 -==== 2.  Press the RST switch once ====
241 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)2.  Press the RST switch once(%%) ====
227 227  
228 228  
229 229  [[image:image-20220602104701-12.png||height="285" width="600"]]
... ... @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
230 230  
231 231  
232 232  
233 -==== 3.  Open the Upgrade tool (Tremo Programmer) in PC and Upgrade ====
248 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)3.  Open the Upgrade tool (Tremo Programmer) in PC and Upgrade(%%) ====
234 234  
235 235  
236 236  (((
... ... @@ -294,21 +294,35 @@
294 294  
295 295  == 3.1  Overview ==
296 296  
312 +
297 297  [[image:image-20220715001142-3.png||height="145" width="220"]]
298 298  
315 +
316 +(((
299 299  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter**(%%) is designed to fast turn USB devices to support LoRaWAN wireless features. It combines a CP2101 USB TTL Chip and LA66 LoRaWAN module which can easy to add LoRaWAN wireless feature to PC / Mobile phone or an embedded device that has USB Interface.
318 +)))
300 300  
301 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
320 +(((
321 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
322 +)))
302 302  
324 +(((
303 303  Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
326 +)))
304 304  
328 +(((
305 305  Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
330 +)))
306 306  
332 +(((
307 307  LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
334 +)))
308 308  
309 309  
337 +
310 310  == 3.2  Features ==
311 311  
340 +
312 312  * LoRaWAN USB adapter base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
313 313  * Ultra-long RF range
314 314  * Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
... ... @@ -323,6 +323,7 @@
323 323  
324 324  == 3.3  Specification ==
325 325  
355 +
326 326  * CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
327 327  * Flash: 256KB
328 328  * RAM: 64KB
... ... @@ -341,18 +341,21 @@
341 341  
342 342  == 3.4  Pin Mapping & LED ==
343 343  
374 +[[image:image-20220813183239-3.png||height="526" width="662"]]
344 344  
345 345  
346 346  == 3.5  Example: Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in PC ==
347 347  
348 348  
380 +(((
349 349  Assume user already input the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter OTAA Keys in TTN and there is already TTN network coverage.
382 +)))
350 350  
351 351  
352 352  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN adapter to PC**
353 353  
354 354  
355 -[[image:image-20220602171217-1.png||height="538" width="800"]]
388 +[[image:image-20220723100027-1.png]]
356 356  
357 357  
358 358  Open the serial port tool
... ... @@ -393,6 +393,7 @@
393 393  
394 394  **Use python as an example:**[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py]]
395 395  
429 +(**Raspberry Pi example: **[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py]])
396 396  
397 397  (% style="color:red" %)**Preconditions:**
398 398  
... ... @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
420 420  
421 421  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter to the Raspberry Pi**
422 422  
423 -[[image:image-20220602171233-2.png||height="538" width="800"]]
457 +[[image:image-20220723100439-2.png]]
424 424  
425 425  
426 426  
... ... @@ -465,18 +465,136 @@
465 465  
466 466  
467 467  
468 -== 3.8  Example: LA66 USB Module got a message from LA66 LoRa Shield and send the sensor data to NodeRed. ==
502 +== 3.8  Example: Use oLA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter and mobile APP ==
469 469  
470 470  
505 +=== 3.8.1  Hardware and Software Connection ===
471 471  
507 +
508 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Overview:**(%%) ====
509 +
510 +
511 +(((
512 +DRAGINO-LA66-APP is an Open Source mobile APP for LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter. DRAGINO-LA66-APP has below features:
513 +
514 +* Send real-time location information of mobile phone to LoRaWAN network.
515 +* Check LoRaWAN network signal strengh.
516 +* Manually send messages to LoRaWAN network.
517 +)))
518 +
519 +
520 +
521 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Hardware Connection:**(%%) ====
522 +
523 +A USB to Type-C adapter is needed to connect to a Mobile phone.
524 +
525 +Note: The package of LA66 USB adapter already includes this USB Type-C adapter.
526 +
527 +[[image:image-20220813174353-2.png||height="360" width="313"]]
528 +
529 +
530 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Download and Install App:**(%%) ====
531 +
532 +[[(% id="cke_bm_895007S" style="display:none" %)** **(%%)**Download Link for Android apk **>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/zxwx16qb777uvkz/AABE_P8coGCQ4DAC8enH4bUya?dl=0]].  (Android Version Only)
533 +
534 +[[image:image-20220813173738-1.png]]
535 +
536 +
537 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Use of APP:**(%%) ====
538 +
539 +Function and page introduction
540 +
541 +[[image:image-20220723113448-7.png||height="995" width="450"]]
542 +
543 +**Block Explain:**
544 +
545 +1.  Display LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module connection status
546 +
547 +2.  Check and reconnect
548 +
549 +3.  Turn send timestamps on or off
550 +
551 +4.  Display LoRaWan connection status
552 +
553 +5.  Check LoRaWan connection status
554 +
555 +6.  The RSSI value of the node when the ACK is received
556 +
557 +7.  Node's Signal Strength Icon
558 +
559 +8.  Configure Location Uplink Interval
560 +
561 +9.  AT command input box
562 +
563 +10.  Send Button:  Send input box info to LA66 USB Adapter
564 +
565 +11.  Output Log from LA66 USB adapter
566 +
567 +12.  clear log button
568 +
569 +13.  exit button
570 +
571 +
572 +LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module not connected
573 +
574 +[[image:image-20220723110520-5.png||height="677" width="508"]]
575 +
576 +
577 +
578 +Connect LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module
579 +
580 +[[image:image-20220723110626-6.png||height="681" width="511"]]
581 +
582 +
583 +
584 +=== 3.8.2 Send data to TTNv3 and plot location info in Node-Red ===
585 +
586 +
587 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  Register LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module to TTNV3**
588 +
589 +[[image:image-20220723134549-8.png]]
590 +
591 +
592 +
593 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Open Node-RED,And import the JSON file to generate the flow**
594 +
595 +Sample JSON file please go to **[[this link>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/zxwx16qb777uvkz/AABE_P8coGCQ4DAC8enH4bUya?dl=0]]** to download.
596 +
597 +For the usage of Node-RED, please refer to: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/]]
598 +
599 +After see LoRaWAN Online, walk around and the APP will keep sending location info to LoRaWAN server and then to the Node Red.
600 +
601 +
602 +Example output in NodeRed is as below:
603 +
604 +[[image:image-20220723144339-1.png]]
605 +
606 +
607 +
472 472  == 3.9  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter ==
473 473  
474 474  
611 +The LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter is the same as the LA66 LoRaWAN Shield update method
475 475  
613 +Just use the yellow jumper cap to short the BOOT corner and the RX corner, and then press the RESET button (without the jumper cap, you can directly short the BOOT corner and the RX corner with a wire to achieve the same effect)
476 476  
477 -= 4.  Order Info =
615 +[[image:image-20220723150132-2.png]]
478 478  
479 479  
618 +
619 += 4.  FAQ =
620 +
621 +
622 +== 4.1  How to Compile Source Code for LA66? ==
623 +
624 +
625 +Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform :[[Instruction>>Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LA66 LoRaWAN Module.Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform.WebHome]]
626 +
627 +
628 +
629 += 5.  Order Info =
630 +
631 +
480 480  **Part Number:**  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-XXX**(%%), (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-LoRaWAN-Shield-XXX** (%%) **or**  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-USB-LoRaWAN-Adapter-XXX**
481 481  
482 482  
... ... @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
492 492  * (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
493 493  * (% style="color:red" %)**PP**(%%):  Peer to Peer LoRa Protocol
494 494  
495 -= 5.  Reference =
647 += 6.  Reference =
496 496  
497 -* Hardware Design File for LA66 LoRaWAN Shield, LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter : [[Download>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a3wbmdcvqjxaqw5/AADZfvAiykJTK624RgMquH86a?dl=0]]
498 498  
650 +* Hardware Design File for LA66 LoRaWAN Shield, LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter : [[Download>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a3wbmdcvqjxaqw5/AADZfvAiykJTK624RgMquH86a?dl=0]]
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