Changes for page LA66 LoRaWAN Shield User Manual
Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/05/26 14:19
From version 63.1
edited by Herong Lu
on 2022/06/02 17:23
on 2022/06/02 17:23
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To version 166.1
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/11/09 15:19
on 2022/11/09 15:19
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Summary
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@ 1 -LA66 LoRaWAN Module1 +LA66 LoRaWAN Shield User Manual - Author
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... ... @@ -1,259 +1,440 @@ 1 -{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}} 1 + 2 + 3 +**Table of Contents:** 4 + 2 2 {{toc/}} 3 -{{/box}} 4 4 5 -= LA66 LoRaWAN Module = 6 6 7 -== What is LA66 LoRaWAN Module == 8 8 9 -**Dragino LA66** is a small wireless LoRaWAN module that offers a very compelling mix of long-range, low power consumption, and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial-level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere. 10 10 11 - **LA66**is a ready-to-use module which includes the LoRaWAN v1.0.4protocol. External MCU can use AT command to callLA66and start to transmit data via theLoRaWANprotocol.10 += 1. LA66 LoRaWAN Shield = 12 12 13 -**Each LA66 **module includes a world unique OTAA key for LoRaWAN registration. 14 14 13 +== 1.1 Overview == 15 15 16 16 17 -== Specification == 16 +((( 17 +[[image:image-20220715000826-2.png||height="145" width="220"]] 18 +))) 18 18 19 -[[image:image-20220517072526-1.png]] 20 +((( 21 + 22 +))) 20 20 21 -Input Power Range: 1.8v ~~ 3.7v 24 +((( 25 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 LoRaWAN Shield**(%%) is the Arduino shield base on LA66. Users can use LA66 LoRaWAN Shield to rapidly add LoRaWAN or peer-to-peer LoRa wireless function to Arduino projects. 26 +))) 22 22 23 -Power Consumption: < 4uA. 28 +((( 29 +((( 30 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol. 31 +))) 32 +))) 24 24 25 -Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz 34 +((( 35 +((( 36 +Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration. 37 +))) 38 +))) 26 26 27 -Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output 40 +((( 41 +((( 42 +Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application. 43 +))) 44 +))) 28 28 29 -High sensitivity: -148 dBm 46 +((( 47 +((( 48 +LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures. 49 +))) 50 +))) 30 30 31 -Temperature: 32 32 33 -* Storage: -55 ~~ +125℃ 34 -* Operating: -40 ~~ +85℃ 35 35 36 - Humidity:54 +== 1.2 Features == 37 37 38 -* Storage: 5 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing) 39 -* Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing) 40 40 41 -LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm 57 +* Arduino Shield base on LA66 LoRaWAN module 58 +* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol 59 +* Support peer-to-peer protocol 60 +* TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature 61 +* SMA connector 62 +* Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands. 63 +* World-wide unique OTAA keys. 64 +* AT Command via UART-TTL interface 65 +* Firmware upgradable via UART interface 66 +* Ultra-long RF range 42 42 43 -LoRa Rx current: <9 mA 44 44 45 - I/OVoltage: 3.3v69 +== 1.3 Specification == 46 46 47 47 48 -== AT Command == 72 +* CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz 73 +* Flash: 256KB 74 +* RAM: 64KB 75 +* Input Power Range: 1.8v ~~ 3.7v 76 +* Power Consumption: < 4uA. 77 +* Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz 78 +* Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output 79 +* High sensitivity: -148 dBm 80 +* Temperature: 81 +** Storage: -55 ~~ +125℃ 82 +** Operating: -40 ~~ +85℃ 83 +* Humidity: 84 +** Storage: 5 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing) 85 +** Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing) 86 +* LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm 87 +* LoRa Rx current: <9 mA 88 +* I/O Voltage: 3.3v 49 49 50 -AT Command is valid over Main TXD and Main RXD. Serial Baud Rate is 9600. AT commands can be found in AT Command documents. 51 51 91 +== 1.4 Pin Mapping & LED == 52 52 53 -== Pin Mapping == 54 54 55 -[[image:image-20220 523101537-1.png]]94 +[[image:image-20220817085048-1.png||height="533" width="734"]] 56 56 57 -== Land Pattern == 58 58 59 -[[image:image-20220517072821-2.png]] 60 60 98 +~1. The LED lights up red when there is an upstream data packet 99 +2. When the network is successfully connected, the green light will be on for 5 seconds 100 +3. Purple light on when receiving downlink data packets 61 61 62 -== Part Number == 63 63 64 - Part Number:**LA66-XXX**103 +[[image:image-20220820112305-1.png||height="515" width="749"]] 65 65 66 -**XX**: The default frequency band 67 67 68 -* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band 69 -* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band 70 -* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band 71 -* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band 72 -* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band 73 -* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band 74 -* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band 75 -* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band 76 76 77 -= LA66LoRaWANShield =107 +== 1.5 Example: Use AT Command to communicate with LA66 module via Arduino UNO. == 78 78 79 -LA66 LoRaWAN Shield is the Arduino Breakout PCB to fast test the features of LA66 module and turn Arduino to support LoRaWAN. 80 80 81 - ==PinMapping& LED ==110 +**Show connection diagram:** 82 82 83 -== Example: Use AT Command to communicate with LA66 module via Arduino UNO. == 84 84 85 - == Example:Join TTN networkand send an uplink message,getdownlink message.==113 +[[image:image-20220723170210-2.png||height="908" width="681"]] 86 86 87 -== Example: Log Temperature Sensor(DHT11) and send data to TTN, show it in DataCake. == 88 88 89 -== Upgrade Firmware of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield == 90 90 91 - ===what needsused===117 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. open Arduino IDE** 92 92 93 -1.LA66 LoRaWAN Shield that needs to be upgraded 94 94 95 -2. Arduino120 +[[image:image-20220723170545-4.png]] 96 96 97 -3.USB TO TTL 98 98 99 -[[image:image-20220602100052-2.png]] 100 100 101 - ===WiringSchematic===124 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Open project** 102 102 103 -[[image:image-20220602101311-3.png]] 104 104 105 -LA66 Shield >>>>>>>>>>>>USBTL127 +LA66-LoRaWAN-shield-AT-command-via-Arduino-UNO source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0 >>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0]] 106 106 107 - GND >>>>>>>>>>>>GND129 +[[image:image-20220726135239-1.png]] 108 108 109 -TXD >>>>>>>>>>>>TXD 110 110 111 -RXD >>>>>>>>>>>>RXD 112 112 113 - JP6ofLA66LoRaWANShieldneedstobe connectedwithyellowjumper cap133 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Click the button marked 1 in the figure to compile, and after the compilation is complete, click the button marked 2 in the figure to upload** 114 114 115 -Connect to the PC after connecting the wires 116 116 117 -[[image:image-20220 602102240-4.png]]136 +[[image:image-20220726135356-2.png]] 118 118 119 -=== Upgrade steps === 120 120 121 -==== Dial the SW1 of the LA66 LoRaWAN Shield to the ISP's location as shown in the figure below ==== 122 122 123 - [[image:image-20220602102824-5.png]]140 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. After the upload is successful, open the serial port monitoring and send the AT command** 124 124 125 -==== Press the RST switch on the LA66 LoRaWAN Shield once ==== 126 126 127 -[[image:image-20220 602104701-12.png]]143 +[[image:image-20220723172235-7.png||height="480" width="1027"]] 128 128 129 -==== Open the upgrade application software ==== 130 130 131 -Software download link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Utility/LSN50N/>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Utility/LSN50N/]] 132 132 147 +== 1.6 Example: Join TTN network and send an uplink message, get downlink message. == 148 + 149 + 150 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Open project** 151 + 152 + 153 +Join-TTN-network source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0 >>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0]] 154 + 155 + 156 +[[image:image-20220723172502-8.png]] 157 + 158 + 159 + 160 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Same steps as 1.5,after opening the serial port monitoring, it will automatically connect to the network and send packets** 161 + 162 + 163 +[[image:image-20220723172938-9.png||height="652" width="1050"]] 164 + 165 + 166 + 167 +== 1.7 Example: Log Temperature Sensor(DHT11) and send data to TTN, show it in Node-RED. == 168 + 169 + 170 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Open project** 171 + 172 + 173 +Log-Temperature-Sensor-and-send-data-to-TTN source code link: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/hgtycj0go4tka2r/AAACRRIRriMAudB2m3ThH7Sba?dl=0]] 174 + 175 + 176 +[[image:image-20220723173341-10.png||height="581" width="1014"]] 177 + 178 + 179 + 180 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Same steps as 2.5,after opening the serial port monitoring, it will automatically connect to the network and send packets** 181 + 182 + 183 +[[image:image-20220723173950-11.png||height="665" width="1012"]] 184 + 185 + 186 + 187 + 188 + 189 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Integration into Node-red via TTNV3** 190 + 191 + 192 +For the usage of Node-RED, please refer to: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/]] 193 + 194 + 195 +[[image:image-20220723175700-12.png||height="602" width="995"]] 196 + 197 + 198 + 199 +== 1.8 Example: How to join helium == 200 + 201 + 202 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Create a new device.** 203 + 204 + 205 +[[image:image-20220907165500-1.png||height="464" width="940"]] 206 + 207 + 208 + 209 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Save the device after filling in the necessary information.** 210 + 211 + 212 +[[image:image-20220907165837-2.png||height="375" width="809"]] 213 + 214 + 215 + 216 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Use AT commands.** 217 + 218 + 219 +[[image:image-20220602100052-2.png||height="385" width="600"]] 220 + 221 + 222 + 223 +(% style="color:#0000ff" %)**4. Use command AT+CFG to get device configuration** 224 + 225 + 226 +[[image:image-20220907170308-3.png||height="556" width="617"]] 227 + 228 + 229 + 230 +(% style="color:blue" %)**5. Network successfully.** 231 + 232 + 233 +[[image:image-20220907170436-4.png]] 234 + 235 + 236 + 237 +(% style="color:blue" %)**6. Send uplink using command** 238 + 239 + 240 +[[image:image-20220912084334-1.png]] 241 + 242 + 243 +[[image:image-20220912084412-3.png]] 244 + 245 + 246 + 247 +[[image:image-20220907170744-6.png||height="242" width="798"]] 248 + 249 + 250 + 251 +== 1.9 Upgrade Firmware of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield == 252 + 253 + 254 +=== 1.9.1 Items needed for update === 255 + 256 + 257 +1. LA66 LoRaWAN Shield 258 +1. Arduino 259 +1. USB TO TTL Adapter 260 + 261 +[[image:image-20220602100052-2.png||height="385" width="600"]] 262 + 263 + 264 + 265 +=== 1.9.2 Connection === 266 + 267 + 268 +[[image:image-20220602101311-3.png||height="276" width="600"]] 269 + 270 + 271 +((( 272 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 LoRaWAN Shield**(%%) **<->** (% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL** 273 +))) 274 + 275 +((( 276 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**GND <-> GND 277 +TXD <-> TXD 278 +RXD <-> RXD** 279 +))) 280 + 281 + 282 +Put a jumper cap on JP6 of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield. ( the jumper is to power on LA66 module) 283 + 284 +Connect USB TTL Adapter to PC after connecting the wires 285 + 286 + 287 +[[image:image-20220602102240-4.png||height="304" width="600"]] 288 + 289 + 290 + 291 +=== 1.9.3 Upgrade steps === 292 + 293 + 294 + 295 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**1. Switch SW1 to put in ISP position**(%%) ==== 296 + 297 + 298 +[[image:image-20220602102824-5.png||height="306" width="600"]] 299 + 300 + 301 + 302 + 303 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Press the RST switch once**(%%) ==== 304 + 305 + 306 +[[image:image-20220817085447-1.png]] 307 + 308 + 309 + 310 + 311 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Open the Upgrade tool (Tremo Programmer) in PC and Upgrade**(%%) ==== 312 + 313 + 314 + 315 +((( 316 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Software download link: **(%%)**[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/j0qyc7a9ejit7jk/AACtx2tK4gEv6YFXMIVUM4dLa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/j0qyc7a9ejit7jk/AACtx2tK4gEv6YFXMIVUM4dLa?dl=0]]** 317 +))) 318 + 319 + 133 133 [[image:image-20220602103227-6.png]] 134 134 322 + 135 135 [[image:image-20220602103357-7.png]] 136 136 137 -===== Select the COM port corresponding to USB TTL ===== 138 138 326 + 327 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HSelecttheCOMportcorrespondingtoUSBTTL" %) 328 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Select the COM port corresponding to USB TTL** 329 + 330 + 139 139 [[image:image-20220602103844-8.png]] 140 140 141 -===== Select the bin file to burn ===== 142 142 334 + 335 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HSelectthebinfiletoburn" %) 336 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Select the bin file to burn** 337 + 338 + 143 143 [[image:image-20220602104144-9.png]] 144 144 341 + 145 145 [[image:image-20220602104251-10.png]] 146 146 344 + 147 147 [[image:image-20220602104402-11.png]] 148 148 149 -===== Click to start the download ===== 150 150 151 -[[image:image-20220602104923-13.png]] 152 152 153 -===== The following figure appears to prove that the burning is in progress ===== 349 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HClicktostartthedownload" %) 350 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Click to start the download** 154 154 155 -[[image:image-20220602104948-14.png]] 156 156 157 - ===== The followingpictureppears toprove that the burningis successful =====353 +[[image:image-20220602104923-13.png]] 158 158 159 -[[image:image-20220602105251-15.png]] 160 160 161 -= LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter = 162 162 163 -LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter is the USB Adapter for LA66, it combines a USB TTL Chip and LA66 module which can easy to test the LoRaWAN feature by using PC or embedded device which has USB Interface. 357 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HThefollowingfigureappearstoprovethattheburningisinprogress" %) 358 +(% style="color:blue" %)**5. Check update process** 164 164 165 -Before use, please make sure that the computer has installed the CP2102 driver 166 166 167 - == Pin Mapping& LED ==361 +[[image:image-20220602104948-14.png]] 168 168 169 -== Example Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in PC == 170 170 171 -Connect the LA66 LoRa Shield to the PC 172 172 173 -[[image:image-20220602171217-1.png||height="615" width="915"]] 365 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HThefollowingpictureappearstoprovethattheburningissuccessful" %) 366 +(% style="color:blue" %)**The following picture shows that the burning is successful** 174 174 175 -Open the serial port tool 176 176 177 -[[image:image-202206021 61617-8.png]]369 +[[image:image-20220602105251-15.png]] 178 178 179 -[[image:image-20220602161718-9.png||height="529" width="927"]] 180 180 181 -Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 LoRa Shield. 182 182 183 - Thefollowingpicture appears to prove that the LA66LoRa Shield successfully entered the network373 += 2. FAQ = 184 184 185 -[[image:image-20220602161935-10.png]] 186 186 187 - sendinstructions:AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>376 +== 2.1 How to Compile Source Code for LA66? == 188 188 189 -example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5 190 190 191 -[[i mage:image-20220602162157-11.png]]379 +Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform :[[Instruction>>Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LA66 LoRaWAN Module.Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform.WebHome]] 192 192 193 -Check to see if TTN received the message 194 194 195 -[[image:image-20220602162331-12.png||height="547" width="1044"]] 196 196 197 -== ExampleSend& GetMessagesviaLoRaWANin RPi==383 +== 2.2 Where to find Peer-to-Peer firmware of LA66? == 198 198 199 -Connect the LA66 LoRa Shield to the RPI 200 200 201 - [[image:image-20220602171233-2.png||height="592"width="881"]]386 +Instruction for LA66 Peer to Peer firmware :[[ Instruction >>doc:.Instruction for LA66 Peer to Peer firmware.WebHome]] 202 202 203 -Log in to the RPI's terminal and connect to the serial port 204 204 205 -[[image:image-20220602153146-3.png]] 206 206 207 -Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 LoRa Shield. 208 -The following picture appears to prove that the LA66 LoRa Shield successfully entered the network 390 += 3. Order Info = 209 209 210 -[[image:image-20220602154928-5.png]] 211 211 212 - sendinstructions: AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>393 +**Part Number:** (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-LoRaWAN-Shield-XXX** (%%) 213 213 214 -example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5 215 215 216 - [[image:image-20220602160339-6.png]]396 +(% style="color:blue" %)**XXX**(%%): The default frequency band 217 217 218 -Check to see if TTN received the message 398 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 399 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 400 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): LoRaWAN EU433 band 401 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 402 +* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 403 +* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 404 +* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 405 +* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band 406 +* (% style="color:red" %)**PP**(%%): Peer to Peer LoRa Protocol 219 219 220 -[[image:image-20220602160627-7.png||height="468" width="1013"]] 221 221 222 -= ==InstallMinicom===409 += 4. Reference = 223 223 224 -Enter the following command in the RPI terminal 225 225 226 -a ptupdate412 +* Hardware Design File for LA66 LoRaWAN Shield : [[Download>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a3wbmdcvqjxaqw5/AADZfvAiykJTK624RgMquH86a?dl=0]] 227 227 228 -[[image:image-20220602143155-1.png]] 229 229 230 - aptinstallminicom415 += 5. FCC Statement = 231 231 232 -[[image:image-20220602143744-2.png]] 233 233 234 - ===SendPC'sCPU/RAMusageto TTN via script. ===418 +(% style="color:red" %)**FCC Caution:** 235 235 236 - ====Take python as anexample:====420 +Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 237 237 238 - =====Preconditions:=====422 +This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. 239 239 240 -1.LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter works fine 241 241 242 - 2.LA66USB LoRaWAN AdapterisregisteredwithTTN425 +(% style="color:red" %)**IMPORTANT NOTE: ** 243 243 244 -= ====Steps for usage=====427 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 245 245 246 - 1.PresstheresetswitchRESET on theLA66 USB LoRaWANAdapter429 +—Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 247 247 248 - 2.Run the script andseetheTTN431 +—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 249 249 250 - [[image:image-20220602115852-3.png]]433 +—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 251 251 435 +—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 252 252 253 253 254 - ==Example: LA66 USB Module got a messagefromLA66 LoRaShielddsendthesensor datato NodeRed. ==438 +(% style="color:red" %)**FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: ** 255 255 256 - 257 -== Upgrade Firmware of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter == 258 - 259 - 440 +This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator& your body.
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