Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**weather and climate**(%%). They consist of a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors**.

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The sensors include various type such as: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Rain Gauge**, **Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor**, **Wind Speed/direction sensor**, **Illumination sensor**, **CO2 sensor**, **Rain/Snow sensor**,** PM2.5/10 sensor**, **PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor**(%%) and so on.

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Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**12v solar power**(%%) and have a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**built-in li-on backup battery**(%%). WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

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WSC1-L is full compatible with(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** LoRaWAN Class C protocol**(%%), it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

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= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

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Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H11.AppendixI:FieldInstallationPhoto"]]

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[[image:1656041948552-849.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)** Wiring:**

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~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

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2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

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3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

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WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

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[[image:1656042136605-251.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

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* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

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* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

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* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

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Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

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* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

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* Cabinet.

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== 2.2 How it works? ==

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

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Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

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[[image:1656042192857-709.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)**Notice:**

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1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

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1. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

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This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

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[[image:1656042612899-422.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]]

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User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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Add APP EUI in the application.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]]

Choose Manually to add WSC1-L

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]]

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Add APP KEY and DEV EUI

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

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Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

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* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

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* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

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Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

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User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

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|**Size (bytes)**|**1**|**2**|**1**|**1**|**2**|**3**

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|**Value**|[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

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Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:**(%%) ====

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For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:**(%%) ====

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0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:**(%%) ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:**(%%) ====

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value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

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shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

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Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:**(%%) ====

|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|N/A|Customize-A4|Customize-A3|Customize-A2|Customize-A1|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|WSS-07|WSS-06|WSS-05|WSS-04|WSS-03|WSS-02|WSS-01|N/A

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Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

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External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

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CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

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Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png||alt="1646898147(1)"]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Real time sensor value ===

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WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H"]].

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Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

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The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

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|Sensor Segment 1|Sensor Segment 2|……|Sensor Segment n

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Uplink Payload**:

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Sensor Segment Define**:

Sensor Type Table:

|**Wind Speed**|0x01|(((

Speed: 0～60m/s

Level: 0～17

)))|0x03 |(((

0x0024/10=3.6m/s

(0x02FE: No Sensor, 0x02FF: Value Error)

0x02=2

(0x14: No Sensor, 0x15: Value Error)

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|**Wind Direction**|0x02|(((

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Angel: 0～360°

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Direction: 16 positions

)))|0x03|(((

0x029A/10=66.6°

(0x0EFE: No Sensor,0x0EFF: Value Error)

0X03=3(ENE)

(0x14: No Sensor,0x15: Value Error)

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|**Illumination**|0x03|0～200000Lux|0x02|(((

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0x04D2 *10=12340Lux

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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|**Rain / Snow**|0x04|00: No, 01 Yes.|0x01|(((

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0x00 (00) No Rain or snow detected

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(0x02: No Sensor,0x03: Value Error)

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|**CO2**|0x05|0～5000ppm|0x02|(((

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0x0378=888ppm

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(0x14FE: No Sensor,0x14FF: Value Error)

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|**Temperature**|0x06|-30℃～70℃|0x02|(((

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0xFFDD/10=-3.5℃

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(0x02FE: No Sensor,0x02FF: Value Error)

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|**Humidity**|0x07|0～100%RH|0x02|0x0164/10=35.6%RH (0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**Pressure**|0x08|10～1100hPa|0x02|(((

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0x2748/10=1005.6hPa

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(0x00: No Sensor,0x01: Value Error)

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|**Rain Gauge**|0x09|0mm/min～100mm/min|0x02|(((

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0x0000/10=0mm /min

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PM2.5**|0x0A|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x0023=35μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PM10**|0x0B|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x002D=45μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PAR**|0x0C|0～2500μmol/m^^2^^•s|0x02|(((

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0x00B3=179μmol/m^^2^^•s

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(0x09FE: No Sensor,0x9FF: Value Error)

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**Total Solar**

**Radiation**

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0x0073/10=11.5W/m^^2^^

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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Below is an example payload:

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01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

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* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink. Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03

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Uplink 2: 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

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Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3

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Uplink 2: 0D 02 00 73

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

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In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

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Download decoder for suitable platform from:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

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Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

Add TagoIO:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

Authorization:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]

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In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

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Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H"]].

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* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server]]

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There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**General Commands**.

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These commands are to configure:

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* General system settings like: uplink interval.

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* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

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They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Commands special design for WSC1-L**

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These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

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== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

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Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+TDC?|Show current transmit Interval|(((

30000

OK

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

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|AT+TDC=60000|Set Transmit Interval|(((

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OK

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Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

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Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

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== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

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Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+ALARMMOD=1|Enter emergency mode. Uplink every 1 minute|OK

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|AT+ALARMMOD=0|Exit emergency mode. Uplink base on TDC time|OK

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

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* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

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== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

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Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: **

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AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout

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* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

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* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

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* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

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* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

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* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

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* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

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* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

Example:

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

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With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x00|0x00|0x01|0x9C|0xAA

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| | | | | | | |

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The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x02|0x00|0x0A|0x7C|0xAD

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| | | | | | | |

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Then the following parameters should be:

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* Address_Code range: A1

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* Query_Length: 8

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* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

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* Read_Length: 8

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* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

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* has_CRC: 1

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* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

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So the input command is:

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AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

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In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

|A1|2|0x000A

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 –> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

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AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: **

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**delete custom sensor A1:**

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* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

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**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(((

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Send command to 485 sensor

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Range : no more than 10 bytes

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)))|OK

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Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

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AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

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Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+DTR=1000|(((

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Set response timeout to:

Range : 0~~10000

)))|OK

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

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== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

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Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

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See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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| |A4|A3|A2|A1| | |

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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| | |Solar Radiation|PAR|PM10|PM2.5|(((

Rain

Gauge

)))|(((

Air

Pressure

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|Humidity|Temperature|CO2|(((

Rain/Snow

Detect

)))|illuminance|(((

Wind

Direction

)))|Wind Speed|BAT

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+STYPE=80221|Set sensor types|OK

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Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

677

|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

678

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

679

|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

680

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

681

|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

682

683

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

684

685

686

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

687

688

* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

689

690

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

691

692

~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

699

700

== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

701

702

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

703

704

705

== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

706

707

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

714

715

716

Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

726

* RS485 / Modbus protocol

727

* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

728

* AT Commands to change parameters

729

* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

730

* Firmware upgradable via program port

731

* Powered by external 12v battery

732

* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

733

* IP Rating: IP65

734

* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

735

736

== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

737

738

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

748

749

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

760

761

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

762

763

764

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

765

766

767

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

768

769

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

776

777

== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

778

779

WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

780

781

782

WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

783

784

shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

785

786

787

WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

788

789

Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

790

791

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

792

793

794

The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

795

796

to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

797

798

799

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

804

805

* RS485 Rain Gauge

806

* Small dimension, easy to install

807

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

808

* ABS enclosure.

809

* Horizontal adjustable.

810

811

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

816

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

817

* Interface: RS485

818

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

819

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

820

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

821

822

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

823

824

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

825

826

827

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

828

829

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

835

836

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

837

838

Installation Photo as reference:

839

840

841

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on Ground:**

842

843

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

844

845

846

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on pole:**

847

848

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

849

850

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

851

852

853

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

854

855

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

856

857

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

858

859

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

864

865

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

866

867

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

868

869

870

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

871

872

873

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

874

875

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

876

877

878

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

879

880

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

881

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

882

883

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

884

885

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

886

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

887

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

888

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

889

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

890

* Interface: RS485

891

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

892

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

893

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

894

* Cable Length: 2 meters

895

896

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

897

898

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

899

900

901

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

902

903

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

904

905

906

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

907

908

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

909

910

911

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

912

913

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

914

915

916

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

933

934

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

935

936

937

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

938

939

940

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

941

942

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

943

944

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

945

946

947

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

948

949

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

950

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

951

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

952

953

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

954

955

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

956

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

957

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

958

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

959

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

960

* Preheat time: 3min

961

* Interface: RS485

962

* Working Temperature:

963

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

964

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

965

* Working Humidity:

966

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

967

** CO2: 0～95%RH

968

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

969

970

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

971

972

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

973

974

975

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

976

977

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

978

979

980

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

981

982

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

983

984

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

985

986

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

994

995

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

996

997

998

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

999

1000

1001

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1002

1003

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1004

1005

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

1010

1011

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

1012

* Surface heating to dry

1013

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

1014

1015

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

1016

1017

* Detect if there is rain or snow

1018

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1019

* Interface: RS485

1020

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1021

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1022

* Power Consumption:

1023

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

1024

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

1025

1026

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

1027

1028

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

1029

1030

1031

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

1032

1033

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1034

1035

1036

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

1037

1038

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1039

1040

1041

Install with 15°degree.

1042

1043

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

1044

1045

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

1051

1052

1053

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

1060

1061

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

1062

1063

1064

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1065

1066

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1067

1068

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1069

1070

1071

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

1072

1073

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

1074

1075

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

1076

1077

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1078

* Interface: RS485

1079

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

1084

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

1085

** resolution 0.1 %RH

1086

** Accuracy: 3% RH

1087

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

1088

** Range: 10～1100hPa

1089

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

1090

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

1091

* Illuminate sensor:

1092

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

1093

** Resolution: 10 Lux

1094

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

1095

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1096

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1097

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1098

1099

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

1100

1101

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

1102

1103

1104

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

1105

1106

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1107

1108

1109

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

1110

1111

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

1116

1117

1118

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1119

1120

1121

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

1122

1123

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1124

1125

1126

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1127

1128

1129

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1130

1131

1132

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1133

1134

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1139

1140

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1141

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1142

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

1143

1144

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1145

1146

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1147

* Interface: RS485

1148

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1149

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1150

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1151

* Accuracy: ±3%

1152

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1153

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1154

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1155

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1156

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1157

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1158

1159

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1160

1161

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1162

1163

1164

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1165

1166

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1167

1168

1169

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1170

1171

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1172

1173

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1174

1175

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1176

1177

1178

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1179

1180

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1181

1182

1183

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1188

1189

1190

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1191

1192

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1193

1194

1195

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1196

1197

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1198

1199

1200

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1201

1202

1203

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1204

1205

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1206

* Interface: RS485

1207

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1208

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1209

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1210

* Accuracy: ±2%

1211

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1212

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1213

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1214

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

1215

1216

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1217

1218

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1219

1220

1221

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1222

1223

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1224

1225

1226

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1227

1228

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1229

1230

1231

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1232

1233

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1239

1240

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1241

1242

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1243

1244

1245

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1251

1252

Firmware Location & Change log:

1253

1254

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1255

1256

1257

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1258

1259

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1260

1261

1262

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1263

1264

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1269

1270

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1271

1272

1273

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1284

1285

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1286

1287

**XX**: The default frequency band

1288

1289

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1290

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1291

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1292

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1293

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1294

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1295

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1296

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1301

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1302

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1303

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1304

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1305

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1306

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1307

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1308

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

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* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

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[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

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