Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**weather and climate**(%%). They consist of a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors**.

25

)))

26

27

(((

28

The sensors include various type such as: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Rain Gauge**, **Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor**, **Wind Speed/direction sensor**, **Illumination sensor**, **CO2 sensor**, **Rain/Snow sensor**,** PM2.5/10 sensor**, **PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor**(%%) and so on.

)))

(((

Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**12v solar power**(%%) and have a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**built-in li-on backup battery**(%%). WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

)))

(((

WSC1-L is full compatible with(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** LoRaWAN Class C protocol**(%%), it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

)))

= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

44

45

Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H11.AppendixI:FieldInstallationPhoto"]]

46

47

[[image:1656041948552-849.png]]

48

49

50

(% style="color:blue" %)** Wiring:**

51

52

~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

53

54

2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

55

56

3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

57

58

59

WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

60

61

[[image:1656042136605-251.png]]

62

63

64

(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

65

66

* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

67

* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

68

* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

69

70

(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

71

72

Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

77

* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

78

* Cabinet.

79

80

== 2.2 How it works? ==

81

82

(((

83

Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

)))

Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

88

89

[[image:1656042192857-709.png]]

90

91

92

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice:**

93

94

1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

95

1. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

96

97

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

98

99

This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

100

101

102

[[image:1656042612899-422.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

107

108

109

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

110

111

Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

112

113

[[image:image-20220624115043-1.jpeg]]

114

115

116

User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

117

118

**Add APP EUI in the application.**

119

120

[[image:1656042662694-311.png]]

121

122

[[image:1656042673910-429.png]]

**Choose Manually to add WSC1-L**

128

129

[[image:1656042695755-103.png]]

**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**

134

135

[[image:1656042723199-746.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

140

141

142

[[image:1656042745346-283.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

147

148

Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

149

150

* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

151

* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

152

153

=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

154

155

Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

(((

User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

160

)))

161

162

(% border="1" cellspacing="8" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

163

164

|(% style="width:99px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:112px" %)[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|(% style="width:135px" %)[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|(% style="width:126px" %)[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|(% style="width:85px" %)[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|(% style="width:46px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|(% style="width:166px" %)[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

165

166

[[image:1656043061044-343.png]]

167

168

169

Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:**(%%) ====

174

175

For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:**(%%) ====

180

181

0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:**(%%) ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:**(%%) ====

210

211

value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

216

217

shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

218

219

Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:**(%%) ====

224

225

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:100px" %)

226

|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

227

228

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

229

230

[[image:image-20220624134713-1.png]]

231

232

233

Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

234

235

External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

242

243

CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

244

245

Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

246

247

248

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

249

250

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

251

252

[[image:1656049673488-415.png]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Real time sensor value ===

257

258

(((

259

WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H3.1SetTransmitIntervalTime"]].

)))

(((

Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

)))

(((

The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

)))

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Uplink Payload**:

273

274

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:464px" %)

275

|(% style="width:140px" %)Sensor Segment 1|(% style="width:139px" %)Sensor Segment 2|(% style="width:42px" %)……|(% style="width:140px" %)Sensor Segment n

276

277

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Sensor Segment Define**:

278

279

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:330px" %)

280

|(% style="width:89px" %)Type Code|(% style="width:114px" %)Length (Bytes)|(% style="width:124px" %)Measured Value

281

282

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Type Table:**

283

284

[[image:image-20220624140352-2.png]]

285

286

287

Below is an example payload: [[image:image-20220624140615-3.png]]

288

289

290

When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

291

292

* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink.

293

294

Uplink 1: [[image:image-20220624140735-4.png]]

295

296

Uplink 2: [[image:image-20220624140842-5.png]]

297

298

299

* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

300

301

Uplink 1: [[image:image-20220624141025-6.png]]

302

303

Uplink 2: [[image:image-20220624141100-7.png]]

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

309

310

In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

311

312

313

Download decoder for suitable platform from:

314

315

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:1656051152438-578.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

324

325

Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

326

327

328

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

329

330

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

331

332

[[image:1656051197172-131.png]]

**Add TagoIO:**

[[image:1656051223585-631.png]]

**Authorization:**

[[image:1656051248318-368.png]]

343

344

345

In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

346

347

[[image:1656051277767-168.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

352

353

Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

354

355

* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H7.FAQ"]].

356

* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[Use Note for Server>>doc:Main.WebHome]](IoT LoRaWAN Server)

357

358

There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

359

360

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**General Commands**.

361

362

These commands are to configure:

363

364

* General system settings like: uplink interval.

365

* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

366

367

They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]

368

369

(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

370

371

372

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Commands special design for WSC1-L**

373

374

These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

375

376

377

== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

378

379

Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

380

381

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

382

383

[[image:image-20220624142619-8.png]]

384

385

386

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

387

388

Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

389

390

If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

391

392

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

393

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

398

399

Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

400

401

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

402

403

[[image:image-20220624142956-9.png]]

404

405

406

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

407

408

* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

409

* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

414

415

Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

416

417

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: **

418

419

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout**

420

421

* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

422

* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

423

* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

424

* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

425

* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

426

* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

427

* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

**Example:**

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

433

434

With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

435

436

[[image:image-20220624143553-10.png]]

437

438

439

The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

440

441

[[image:image-20220624143618-11.png]]

442

443

444

**Then the following parameters should be:**

445

446

* Address_Code range: A1

447

* Query_Length: 8

448

* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

449

* Read_Length: 8

450

* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

451

* has_CRC: 1

452

* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

453

454

455

**So the input command is:**

456

457

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

458

459

460

In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

461

462

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:351px" %)

463

|=(% style="width: 94px;" %)Type Code|=(% style="width: 121px;" %)Length (Bytes)|=(% style="width: 132px;" %)Measured Value

464

|(% style="width:94px" %)A1|(% style="width:121px" %)2|(% style="width:132px" %)0x000A

465

466

**Related commands:**

467

468

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 ~-~-> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

469

470

AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

471

472

473

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: **

474

475

**delete custom sensor A1:**

476

477

* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

478

479

**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

486

487

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

488

489

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:474px" %)

490

|=(% style="width: 159px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 227px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 85px;" %)**Response**

491

|(% style="width:159px" %)AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(% style="width:227px" %)(((

492

Send command to 485 sensor

493

494

Range : no more than 10 bytes

495

)))|(% style="width:85px" %)OK

496

497

Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

498

499

AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

500

501

502

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

503

504

* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

509

510

Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

511

512

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

513

514

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:433px" %)

515

|=(% style="width: 157px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 188px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 85px;" %)**Response**

516

|(% style="width:157px" %)AT+DTR=1000|(% style="width:188px" %)(((

517

Set response timeout to:

518

519

Range : 0~~10000

520

)))|(% style="width:85px" %)OK

521

522

523

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

524

525

Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

526

527

If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

528

529

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

530

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

535

536

Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

537

538

See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

539

540

[[image:image-20220624144904-12.png]]

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

545

546

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:377px" %)

547

|=(% style="width: 157px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 130px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 87px;" %)**Response**

548

|(% style="width:157px" %)AT+STYPE=80221|(% style="width:130px" %)Set sensor types|(% style="width:87px" %)OK

549

550

Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

551

552

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

553

|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

554

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

555

|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

556

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

557

|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

558

559

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

560

561

562

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

563

564

* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

565

566

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

567

568

~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

575

576

== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

577

578

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

579

580

581

== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

582

583

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

590

591

592

Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

602

* RS485 / Modbus protocol

603

* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

604

* AT Commands to change parameters

605

* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

606

* Firmware upgradable via program port

607

* Powered by external 12v battery

608

* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

609

* IP Rating: IP65

610

* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

611

612

== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

613

614

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

624

625

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

636

637

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

638

639

640

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

641

642

643

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

644

645

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

652

653

== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

654

655

WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

656

657

658

WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

659

660

shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

661

662

663

WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

664

665

Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

666

667

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

668

669

670

The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

671

672

to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

673

674

675

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

680

681

* RS485 Rain Gauge

682

* Small dimension, easy to install

683

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

684

* ABS enclosure.

685

* Horizontal adjustable.

686

687

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

692

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

693

* Interface: RS485

694

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

695

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

696

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

697

698

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

699

700

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

701

702

703

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

704

705

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

711

712

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

713

714

Installation Photo as reference:

715

716

717

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on Ground:**

718

719

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

720

721

722

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on pole:**

723

724

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

725

726

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

727

728

729

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

730

731

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

732

733

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

734

735

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

740

741

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

742

743

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

744

745

746

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

747

748

749

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

750

751

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

752

753

754

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

755

756

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

757

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

758

759

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

760

761

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

762

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

763

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

764

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

765

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

766

* Interface: RS485

767

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

768

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

769

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

770

* Cable Length: 2 meters

771

772

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

773

774

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

775

776

777

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

778

779

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

780

781

782

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

783

784

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

785

786

787

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

788

789

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

790

791

792

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

809

810

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

811

812

813

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

814

815

816

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

817

818

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

819

820

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

821

822

823

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

824

825

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

826

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

827

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

828

829

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

830

831

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

832

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

833

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

834

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

835

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

836

* Preheat time: 3min

837

* Interface: RS485

838

* Working Temperature:

839

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

840

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

841

* Working Humidity:

842

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

843

** CO2: 0～95%RH

844

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

845

846

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

847

848

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

849

850

851

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

852

853

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

854

855

856

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

857

858

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

859

860

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

861

862

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

870

871

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

872

873

874

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

875

876

877

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

878

879

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

880

881

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

886

887

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

888

* Surface heating to dry

889

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

890

891

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

892

893

* Detect if there is rain or snow

894

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

895

* Interface: RS485

896

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

897

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

898

* Power Consumption:

899

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

900

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

901

902

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

903

904

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

905

906

907

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

908

909

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

910

911

912

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

913

914

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

915

916

917

Install with 15°degree.

918

919

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

920

921

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

927

928

929

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

936

937

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

938

939

940

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

941

942

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

943

944

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

945

946

947

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

948

949

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

950

951

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

952

953

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

954

* Interface: RS485

955

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

960

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

961

** resolution 0.1 %RH

962

** Accuracy: 3% RH

963

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

964

** Range: 10～1100hPa

965

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

966

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

967

* Illuminate sensor:

968

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

969

** Resolution: 10 Lux

970

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

971

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

972

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

973

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

974

975

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

976

977

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

978

979

980

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

981

982

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

983

984

985

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

986

987

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

992

993

994

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

995

996

997

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

998

999

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1000

1001

1002

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1003

1004

1005

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1006

1007

1008

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1009

1010

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1015

1016

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1017

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1018

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

1019

1020

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1021

1022

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1023

* Interface: RS485

1024

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1025

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1026

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1027

* Accuracy: ±3%

1028

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1029

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1030

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1031

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1032

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1033

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1034

1035

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1036

1037

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1038

1039

1040

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1041

1042

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1043

1044

1045

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1046

1047

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1048

1049

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1050

1051

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1052

1053

1054

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1055

1056

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1057

1058

1059

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1064

1065

1066

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1067

1068

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1069

1070

1071

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1072

1073

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1074

1075

1076

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1077

1078

1079

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1080

1081

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1082

* Interface: RS485

1083

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1084

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1085

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1086

* Accuracy: ±2%

1087

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1088

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1089

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1090

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

1091

1092

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1093

1094

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1095

1096

1097

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1098

1099

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1100

1101

1102

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1103

1104

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1105

1106

1107

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1108

1109

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1115

1116

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1117

1118

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1119

1120

1121

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1127

1128

Firmware Location & Change log:

1129

1130

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1131

1132

1133

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1134

1135

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1136

1137

1138

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1139

1140

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1145

1146

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1147

1148

1149

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1160

1161

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1162

1163

**XX**: The default frequency band

1164

1165

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1166

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1167

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1168

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1169

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1170

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1171

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1172

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1177

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1178

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1179

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1180

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1181

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1182

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1183

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1184

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1189

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1190

1191

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

1198

1199