Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. They consist of a main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors.

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The sensors include various type such as: Rain Gauge, Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor, Wind Speed/direction sensor, Illumination sensor, CO2 sensor, Rain/Snow sensor, PM2.5/10 sensor, PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor and so on.

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Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external 12v solar power and have a built-in li-on backup battery. WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

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WSC1-L is full compatible with LoRaWAN Class C protocol, it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

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Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H"]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

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**(% style="color:blue" %) Wiring:**

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~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

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2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

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3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

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WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]

(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

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* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

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* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

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* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

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(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

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Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

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* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

* Cabinet.

== 2.2 How it works? ==

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

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Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

Notice:

1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

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1. User can send a downlink command( 增加下发命令的连接) to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

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This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]]

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User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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Add APP EUI in the application.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]]

Choose Manually to add WSC1-L

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]]

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Add APP KEY and DEV EUI

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

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Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

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* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

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* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT ===

5, Device Status ===

Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

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User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

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|**Size (bytes)**|**1**|**2**|**1**|**1**|**2**|**3**

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|**Value**|[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

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Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:** ====

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For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

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==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:** ====

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0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

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==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:** ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:** ====

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value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

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==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:** ====

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shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

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Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

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==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:** ====

|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|N/A|Customize-A4|Customize-A3|Customize-A2|Customize-A1|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|WSS-07|WSS-06|WSS-05|WSS-04|WSS-03|WSS-02|WSS-01|N/A

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Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

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External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

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CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

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Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png||alt="1646898147(1)"]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT=2, Real time sensor value ===

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WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H"]].

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Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

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The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

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|Sensor Segment 1|Sensor Segment 2|……|Sensor Segment n

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**(% style="color:#4472C4" %) Uplink Payload**:

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

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**(% style="color:#4472C4" %) Sensor Segment Define**:

Sensor Type Table:

|**Wind Speed**|0x01|(((

Speed: 0～60m/s

Level: 0～17

)))|0x03 |(((

0x0024/10=3.6m/s

(0x02FE: No Sensor, 0x02FF: Value Error)

0x02=2

(0x14: No Sensor, 0x15: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Wind Direction**|0x02|(((

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Angel: 0～360°

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Direction: 16 positions

)))|0x03|(((

0x029A/10=66.6°

(0x0EFE: No Sensor,0x0EFF: Value Error)

0X03=3(ENE)

(0x14: No Sensor,0x15: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Illumination**|0x03|0～200000Lux|0x02|(((

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0x04D2 *10=12340Lux

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Rain / Snow**|0x04|00: No, 01 Yes.|0x01|(((

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0x00 (00) No Rain or snow detected

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(0x02: No Sensor,0x03: Value Error)

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)))

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|**CO2**|0x05|0～5000ppm|0x02|(((

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0x0378=888ppm

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(0x14FE: No Sensor,0x14FF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Temperature**|0x06|-30℃～70℃|0x02|(((

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0xFFDD/10=-3.5℃

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(0x02FE: No Sensor,0x02FF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Humidity**|0x07|0～100%RH|0x02|0x0164/10=35.6%RH (0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**Pressure**|0x08|10～1100hPa|0x02|(((

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0x2748/10=1005.6hPa

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(0x00: No Sensor,0x01: Value Error)

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)))

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|**Rain Gauge**|0x09|0mm/min～100mm/min|0x02|(((

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0x0000/10=0mm /min

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**PM2.5**|0x0A|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x0023=35μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**PM10**|0x0B|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x002D=45μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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)))

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|**PAR**|0x0C|0～2500μmol/m^^2^^•s|0x02|(((

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0x00B3=179μmol/m^^2^^•s

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(0x09FE: No Sensor,0x9FF: Value Error)

)))

|(((

**Total Solar**

**Radiation**

)))|0x0D|0～2000W/m^^2^^|0x02|(((

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0x0073/10=11.5W/m^^2^^

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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)))

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Below is an example payload:

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01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

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* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink. Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03

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Uplink 2: 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

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Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3

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Uplink 2: 0D 02 00 73

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

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In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

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Download decoder for suitable platform from:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

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Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

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**(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

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**(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

Add TagoIO:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

Authorization:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]

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In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

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Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H"]].

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* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server]]

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There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

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* **(% style="color:#4472C4" %)General Commands**.

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These commands are to configure:

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* General system settings like: uplink interval.

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* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

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They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

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* **(% style="color:#4472C4" %)Commands special design for WSC1-L**

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These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

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== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

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Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command: AT+TDC**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+TDC?|Show current transmit Interval|(((

30000

OK

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

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)))

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|AT+TDC=60000|Set Transmit Interval|(((

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OK

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Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

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)))

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0x01**

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Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

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Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+ALARMMOD=1|Enter emergency mode. Uplink every 1 minute|OK

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|AT+ALARMMOD=0|Exit emergency mode. Uplink base on TDC time|OK

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

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* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

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Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command: **

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AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout

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* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

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* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

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* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

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* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

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* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

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* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

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* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

Example:

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

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With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x00|0x00|0x01|0x9C|0xAA

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| | | | | | | |

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The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x02|0x00|0x0A|0x7C|0xAD

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| | | | | | | |

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Then the following parameters should be:

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* Address_Code range: A1

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* Query_Length: 8

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* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

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* Read_Length: 8

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* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

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* has_CRC: 1

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* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

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So the input command is:

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AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

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In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

|A1|2|0x000A

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 –> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

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AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: **

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**delete custom sensor A1:**

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* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

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**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(((

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Send command to 485 sensor

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Range : no more than 10 bytes

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)))|OK

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Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

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AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

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Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+DTR=1000|(((

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Set response timeout to:

Range : 0~~10000

)))|OK

**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command:**

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Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

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Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

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See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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| |A4|A3|A2|A1| | |

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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| | |Solar Radiation|PAR|PM10|PM2.5|(((

Rain

Gauge

)))|(((

Air

Pressure

)))

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|Humidity|Temperature|CO2|(((

Rain/Snow

Detect

)))|illuminance|(((

Wind

Direction

)))|Wind Speed|BAT

**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+STYPE=80221|Set sensor types|OK

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Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

682

|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

683

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

684

|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

685

686

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

687

688

689

**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command:**

690

691

* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

692

693

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

694

695

~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

702

703

== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

704

705

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

706

707

708

== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

709

710

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

717

718

719

Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

729

* RS485 / Modbus protocol

730

* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

731

* AT Commands to change parameters

732

* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

733

* Firmware upgradable via program port

734

* Powered by external 12v battery

735

* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

736

* IP Rating: IP65

737

* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

744

745

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

755

756

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

767

768

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

769

770

771

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

772

773

774

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

775

776

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

783

784

== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

785

786

WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

787

788

789

WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

790

791

shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

792

793

794

WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

795

796

Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

797

798

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

799

800

801

The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

802

803

to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

804

805

806

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

811

812

* RS485 Rain Gauge

813

* Small dimension, easy to install

814

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

815

* ABS enclosure.

816

* Horizontal adjustable.

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

827

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

828

* Interface: RS485

829

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

830

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

831

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

838

839

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

840

841

842

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

843

844

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

850

851

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

852

853

Installation Photo as reference:

854

855

856

**(% style="color:#4472C4" %) Install on Ground:**

857

858

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

859

860

861

**(% style="color:#4472C4" %) Install on pole:**

862

863

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the **(% style="color:#4472C4" %) WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

864

865

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

866

867

868

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

869

870

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

871

872

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

873

874

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

879

880

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

881

882

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

883

884

885

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

886

887

888

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

889

890

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

891

892

893

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

894

895

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

896

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

903

904

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

905

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

906

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

907

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

908

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

909

* Interface: RS485

910

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

911

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

912

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

913

* Cable Length: 2 meters

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

920

921

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

922

923

924

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

925

926

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

927

928

929

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

930

931

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

932

933

934

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

935

936

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

937

938

939

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

956

957

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

958

959

960

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

961

962

963

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

964

965

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

966

967

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

968

969

970

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

971

972

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

973

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

974

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

981

982

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

983

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

984

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

985

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

986

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

987

* Preheat time: 3min

988

* Interface: RS485

989

* Working Temperature:

990

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

991

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

992

* Working Humidity:

993

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

994

** CO2: 0～95%RH

995

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

1002

1003

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

1004

1005

1006

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

1007

1008

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1009

1010

1011

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

1012

1013

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1014

1015

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

1016

1017

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

1025

1026

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

1027

1028

1029

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

1030

1031

1032

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1033

1034

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1035

1036

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

1041

1042

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

1043

* Surface heating to dry

1044

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

1051

1052

* Detect if there is rain or snow

1053

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1054

* Interface: RS485

1055

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1056

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1057

* Power Consumption:

1058

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

1059

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

1066

1067

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

1068

1069

1070

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

1071

1072

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1073

1074

1075

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

1076

1077

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1078

1079

1080

Install with 15°degree.

1081

1082

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

1083

1084

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

1090

1091

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

1098

1099

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

1100

1101

1102

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1103

1104

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1105

1106

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1107

1108

1109

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

1110

1111

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

1118

1119

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1120

* Interface: RS485

1121

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

1126

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

1127

** resolution 0.1 %RH

1128

** Accuracy: 3% RH

1129

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

1130

** Range: 10～1100hPa

1131

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

1132

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

1133

* Illuminate sensor:

1134

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

1135

** Resolution: 10 Lux

1136

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

1137

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1138

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1139

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

1146

1147

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

1148

1149

1150

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

1151

1152

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1153

1154

1155

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

1156

1157

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

1162

1163

1164

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1165

1166

1167

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

1168

1169

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1170

1171

1172

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1173

1174

1175

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1176

1177

1178

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1179

1180

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1185

1186

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1187

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1188

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1195

1196

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1197

* Interface: RS485

1198

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1199

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1200

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1201

* Accuracy: ±3%

1202

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1203

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1204

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1205

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1206

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1207

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1214

1215

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1216

1217

1218

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1219

1220

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1221

1222

1223

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1224

1225

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1226

1227

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1228

1229

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1230

1231

1232

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1233

1234

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1235

1236

1237

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1242

1243

1244

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1245

1246

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1247

1248

1249

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1250

1251

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1252

1253

1254

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1255

1256

1257

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1258

1259

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1260

* Interface: RS485

1261

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1262

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1263

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1264

* Accuracy: ±2%

1265

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1266

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1267

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1268

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1275

1276

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1277

1278

1279

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1280

1281

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1282

1283

1284

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1285

1286

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1287

1288

1289

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1290

1291

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1297

1298

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1299

1300

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1301

1302

1303

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1309

1310

Firmware Location & Change log:

1311

1312

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1313

1314

1315

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1316

1317

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1318

1319

1320

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1321

1322

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1327

1328

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1329

1330

1331

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1342

1343

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1344

1345

**XX**: The default frequency band

1346

1347

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1348

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1349

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1350

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1351

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1352

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1353

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1354

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1359

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1360

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1361

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1362

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1363

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1364

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1365

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1366

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1372

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1373

1374

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

1381

1382