Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**weather and climate**(%%). They consist of a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors**.

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The sensors include various type such as: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Rain Gauge**, **Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor**, **Wind Speed/direction sensor**, **Illumination sensor**, **CO2 sensor**, **Rain/Snow sensor**,** PM2.5/10 sensor**, **PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor**(%%) and so on.

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Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**12v solar power**(%%) and have a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**built-in li-on backup battery**(%%). WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

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WSC1-L is full compatible with(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** LoRaWAN Class C protocol**(%%), it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

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= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

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Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H11.AppendixI:FieldInstallationPhoto"]]

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[[image:1656041948552-849.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)** Wiring:**

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~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

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2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

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3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

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WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

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[[image:1656042136605-251.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

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* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

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* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

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* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

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(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

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Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

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* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

* Cabinet.

== 2.2 How it works? ==

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

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Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

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[[image:1656042192857-709.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)**Notice:**

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1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

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1. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

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This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

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[[image:1656042612899-422.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:image-20220624115043-1.jpeg]]

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User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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**Add APP EUI in the application.**

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[[image:1656042662694-311.png]]

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[[image:1656042673910-429.png]]

**Choose Manually to add WSC1-L**

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[[image:1656042695755-103.png]]

**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**

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[[image:1656042723199-746.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

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[[image:1656042745346-283.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

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Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

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* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

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* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

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=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

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Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

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User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

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(% border="1" cellspacing="8" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

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|(% style="width:99px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:112px" %)[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|(% style="width:135px" %)[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|(% style="width:126px" %)[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|(% style="width:85px" %)[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|(% style="width:46px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|(% style="width:166px" %)[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

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[[image:1656043061044-343.png]]

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Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:**(%%) ====

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For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:**(%%) ====

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0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:**(%%) ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:**(%%) ====

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value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

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shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

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Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:**(%%) ====

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:100px" %)

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|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

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Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

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[[image:image-20220624134713-1.png]]

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Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

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External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

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CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

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Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

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User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

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[[image:1656049673488-415.png]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Real time sensor value ===

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WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H3.1SetTransmitIntervalTime"]].

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Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

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The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Uplink Payload**:

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:464px" %)

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|(% style="width:140px" %)Sensor Segment 1|(% style="width:139px" %)Sensor Segment 2|(% style="width:42px" %)……|(% style="width:140px" %)Sensor Segment n

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Sensor Segment Define**:

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:330px" %)

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|(% style="width:89px" %)Type Code|(% style="width:114px" %)Length (Bytes)|(% style="width:124px" %)Measured Value

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Type Table:**

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[[image:image-20220624140352-2.png]]

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Below is an example payload: [[image:image-20220624140615-3.png]]

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When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

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* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink.

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Uplink 1: [[image:image-20220624140735-4.png]]

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Uplink 2: [[image:image-20220624140842-5.png]]

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* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

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Uplink 1: [[image:image-20220624141025-6.png]]

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Uplink 2: [[image:image-20220624141100-7.png]]

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

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In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

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Download decoder for suitable platform from:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:1656051152438-578.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

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Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

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[[image:1656051197172-131.png]]

**Add TagoIO:**

[[image:1656051223585-631.png]]

**Authorization:**

[[image:1656051248318-368.png]]

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In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

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[[image:1656051277767-168.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

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Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H7.FAQ"]].

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* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[Use Note for Server>>doc:Main.WebHome]](IoT LoRaWAN Server)

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There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**General Commands**.

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These commands are to configure:

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* General system settings like: uplink interval.

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* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

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They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Commands special design for WSC1-L**

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These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

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== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

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Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+TDC?|Show current transmit Interval|(((

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OK

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

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|AT+TDC=60000|Set Transmit Interval|(((

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OK

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Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

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Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

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== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

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Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+ALARMMOD=1|Enter emergency mode. Uplink every 1 minute|OK

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|AT+ALARMMOD=0|Exit emergency mode. Uplink base on TDC time|OK

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

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* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

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== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

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Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: **

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AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout

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* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

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* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

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* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

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* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

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* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

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* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

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* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

Example:

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

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With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x00|0x00|0x01|0x9C|0xAA

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| | | | | | | |

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The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x02|0x00|0x0A|0x7C|0xAD

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| | | | | | | |

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Then the following parameters should be:

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* Address_Code range: A1

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* Query_Length: 8

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* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

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* Read_Length: 8

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* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

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* has_CRC: 1

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* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

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So the input command is:

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AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

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In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

|A1|2|0x000A

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 –> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

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AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: **

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**delete custom sensor A1:**

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* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

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**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(((

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Send command to 485 sensor

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Range : no more than 10 bytes

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)))|OK

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Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

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AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

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Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+DTR=1000|(((

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Set response timeout to:

Range : 0~~10000

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

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== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

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Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

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See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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| |A4|A3|A2|A1| | |

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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| | |Solar Radiation|PAR|PM10|PM2.5|(((

Rain

Gauge

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Air

Pressure

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|Humidity|Temperature|CO2|(((

Rain/Snow

Detect

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Wind

Direction

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+STYPE=80221|Set sensor types|OK

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Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

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So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

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~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

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== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

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Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

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== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

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The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

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Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

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* RS485 / Modbus protocol

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* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

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* Firmware upgradable via program port

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* Powered by external 12v battery

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* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

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* IP Rating: IP65

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* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

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== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

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WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

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WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

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Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

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== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

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WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

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WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

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shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

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WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

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Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

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processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

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The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

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to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

699

700

701

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

706

707

* RS485 Rain Gauge

708

* Small dimension, easy to install

709

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

710

* ABS enclosure.

711

* Horizontal adjustable.

712

713

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

718

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

719

* Interface: RS485

720

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

721

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

722

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

723

724

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

725

726

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

727

728

729

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

730

731

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

737

738

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

739

740

Installation Photo as reference:

741

742

743

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on Ground:**

744

745

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

746

747

748

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on pole:**

749

750

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

751

752

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

753

754

755

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

756

757

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

758

759

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

760

761

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

766

767

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

768

769

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

770

771

772

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

773

774

775

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

776

777

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

778

779

780

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

781

782

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

783

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

784

785

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

786

787

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

788

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

789

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

790

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

791

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

792

* Interface: RS485

793

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

794

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

795

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

796

* Cable Length: 2 meters

797

798

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

799

800

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

801

802

803

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

804

805

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

806

807

808

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

809

810

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

811

812

813

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

814

815

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

816

817

818

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

835

836

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

837

838

839

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

840

841

842

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

843

844

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

845

846

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

847

848

849

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

850

851

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

852

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

853

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

854

855

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

856

857

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

858

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

859

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

860

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

861

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

862

* Preheat time: 3min

863

* Interface: RS485

864

* Working Temperature:

865

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

866

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

867

* Working Humidity:

868

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

869

** CO2: 0～95%RH

870

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

871

872

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

873

874

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

875

876

877

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

878

879

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

880

881

882

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

883

884

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

885

886

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

887

888

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

896

897

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

898

899

900

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

901

902

903

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

904

905

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

906

907

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

912

913

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

914

* Surface heating to dry

915

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

916

917

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

918

919

* Detect if there is rain or snow

920

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

921

* Interface: RS485

922

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

923

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

924

* Power Consumption:

925

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

926

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

927

928

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

929

930

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

931

932

933

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

934

935

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

936

937

938

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

939

940

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

941

942

943

Install with 15°degree.

944

945

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

946

947

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

953

954

955

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

962

963

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

964

965

966

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

967

968

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

969

970

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

971

972

973

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

974

975

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

976

977

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

978

979

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

980

* Interface: RS485

981

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

986

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

987

** resolution 0.1 %RH

988

** Accuracy: 3% RH

989

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

990

** Range: 10～1100hPa

991

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

992

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

993

* Illuminate sensor:

994

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

995

** Resolution: 10 Lux

996

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

997

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

998

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

999

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1000

1001

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

1002

1003

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

1004

1005

1006

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

1007

1008

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1009

1010

1011

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

1012

1013

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

1018

1019

1020

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1021

1022

1023

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

1024

1025

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1026

1027

1028

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1029

1030

1031

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1032

1033

1034

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1035

1036

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1041

1042

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1043

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1044

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

1045

1046

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1047

1048

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1049

* Interface: RS485

1050

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1051

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1052

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1053

* Accuracy: ±3%

1054

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1055

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1056

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1057

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1058

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1059

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1060

1061

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1062

1063

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1064

1065

1066

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1067

1068

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1069

1070

1071

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1072

1073

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1074

1075

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1076

1077

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1078

1079

1080

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1081

1082

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1083

1084

1085

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1090

1091

1092

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1093

1094

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1095

1096

1097

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1098

1099

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1100

1101

1102

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1103

1104

1105

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1106

1107

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1108

* Interface: RS485

1109

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1110

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1111

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1112

* Accuracy: ±2%

1113

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1114

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1115

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1116

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

1117

1118

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1119

1120

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1121

1122

1123

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1124

1125

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1126

1127

1128

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1129

1130

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1131

1132

1133

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1134

1135

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1141

1142

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1143

1144

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1145

1146

1147

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1153

1154

Firmware Location & Change log:

1155

1156

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1157

1158

1159

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1160

1161

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1162

1163

1164

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1165

1166

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1171

1172

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1173

1174

1175

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1186

1187

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1188

1189

**XX**: The default frequency band

1190

1191

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1192

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1193

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1194

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1195

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1196

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1197

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1198

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1203

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1204

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1205

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1206

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1207

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1208

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1209

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1210

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1215

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1216

1217

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

1224

1225