Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**weather and climate**(%%). They consist of a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors**.

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The sensors include various type such as: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Rain Gauge**, **Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor**, **Wind Speed/direction sensor**, **Illumination sensor**, **CO2 sensor**, **Rain/Snow sensor**,** PM2.5/10 sensor**, **PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor**(%%) and so on.

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Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**12v solar power**(%%) and have a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**built-in li-on backup battery**(%%). WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

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WSC1-L is full compatible with(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** LoRaWAN Class C protocol**(%%), it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

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= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

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Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H11.AppendixI:FieldInstallationPhoto"]]

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[[image:1656041948552-849.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)** Wiring:**

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~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

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2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

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3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

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WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

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[[image:1656042136605-251.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

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* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

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* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

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* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

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Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

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* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

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* Cabinet.

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== 2.2 How it works? ==

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

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Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

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[[image:1656042192857-709.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)**Notice:**

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1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

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1. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

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This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

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[[image:1656042612899-422.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

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Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:image-20220624115043-1.jpeg]]

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User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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**Add APP EUI in the application.**

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[[image:1656042662694-311.png]]

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[[image:1656042673910-429.png]]

**Choose Manually to add WSC1-L**

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[[image:1656042695755-103.png]]

**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**

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[[image:1656042723199-746.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

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Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

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* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

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* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

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Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

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User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

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|**Size (bytes)**|**1**|**2**|**1**|**1**|**2**|**3**

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|**Value**|[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]

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Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:**(%%) ====

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For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:**(%%) ====

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0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:**(%%) ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:**(%%) ====

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value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

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shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

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Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:**(%%) ====

|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|N/A|Customize-A4|Customize-A3|Customize-A2|Customize-A1|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|WSS-07|WSS-06|WSS-05|WSS-04|WSS-03|WSS-02|WSS-01|N/A

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Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

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External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

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CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

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Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png||alt="1646898147(1)"]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Real time sensor value ===

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WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H"]].

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Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

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The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

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|Sensor Segment 1|Sensor Segment 2|……|Sensor Segment n

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Uplink Payload**:

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Sensor Segment Define**:

Sensor Type Table:

|**Wind Speed**|0x01|(((

Speed: 0～60m/s

Level: 0～17

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0x0024/10=3.6m/s

(0x02FE: No Sensor, 0x02FF: Value Error)

0x02=2

(0x14: No Sensor, 0x15: Value Error)

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|**Wind Direction**|0x02|(((

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Angel: 0～360°

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Direction: 16 positions

)))|0x03|(((

0x029A/10=66.6°

(0x0EFE: No Sensor,0x0EFF: Value Error)

0X03=3(ENE)

(0x14: No Sensor,0x15: Value Error)

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|**Illumination**|0x03|0～200000Lux|0x02|(((

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0x04D2 *10=12340Lux

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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|**Rain / Snow**|0x04|00: No, 01 Yes.|0x01|(((

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0x00 (00) No Rain or snow detected

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(0x02: No Sensor,0x03: Value Error)

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|**CO2**|0x05|0～5000ppm|0x02|(((

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0x0378=888ppm

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(0x14FE: No Sensor,0x14FF: Value Error)

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|**Temperature**|0x06|-30℃～70℃|0x02|(((

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0xFFDD/10=-3.5℃

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(0x02FE: No Sensor,0x02FF: Value Error)

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|**Humidity**|0x07|0～100%RH|0x02|0x0164/10=35.6%RH (0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**Pressure**|0x08|10～1100hPa|0x02|(((

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0x2748/10=1005.6hPa

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(0x00: No Sensor,0x01: Value Error)

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|**Rain Gauge**|0x09|0mm/min～100mm/min|0x02|(((

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0x0000/10=0mm /min

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PM2.5**|0x0A|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x0023=35μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PM10**|0x0B|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

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0x002D=45μg/m^^3 ^^

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(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

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|**PAR**|0x0C|0～2500μmol/m^^2^^•s|0x02|(((

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0x00B3=179μmol/m^^2^^•s

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(0x09FE: No Sensor,0x9FF: Value Error)

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**Total Solar**

**Radiation**

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0x0073/10=11.5W/m^^2^^

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(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

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Below is an example payload:

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01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

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* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink. Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03

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Uplink 2: 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

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* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

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Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3

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Uplink 2: 0D 02 00 73

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

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In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

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Download decoder for suitable platform from:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

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Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

Add TagoIO:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

Authorization:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]

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In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

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Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H"]].

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* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server]]

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There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**General Commands**.

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These commands are to configure:

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* General system settings like: uplink interval.

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* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

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They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki:

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[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

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* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Commands special design for WSC1-L**

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These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

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== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

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Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+TDC?|Show current transmit Interval|(((

30000

OK

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

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|AT+TDC=60000|Set Transmit Interval|(((

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OK

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Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

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Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

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== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

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Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+ALARMMOD=1|Enter emergency mode. Uplink every 1 minute|OK

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|AT+ALARMMOD=0|Exit emergency mode. Uplink base on TDC time|OK

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

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* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

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== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

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Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: **

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AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout

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* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

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* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

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* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

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* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

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* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

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* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

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* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

Example:

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

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With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x00|0x00|0x01|0x9C|0xAA

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| | | | | | | |

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The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

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|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x02|0x00|0x0A|0x7C|0xAD

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| | | | | | | |

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Then the following parameters should be:

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* Address_Code range: A1

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* Query_Length: 8

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* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

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* Read_Length: 8

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* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

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* has_CRC: 1

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* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

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So the input command is:

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AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

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In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

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|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

|A1|2|0x000A

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 –> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

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AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: **

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**delete custom sensor A1:**

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* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

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**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(((

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Send command to 485 sensor

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Range : no more than 10 bytes

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)))|OK

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Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

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AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

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== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

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Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+DTR=1000|(((

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Set response timeout to:

Range : 0~~10000

)))|OK

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

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Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

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== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

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Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

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See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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| |A4|A3|A2|A1| | |

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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| | |Solar Radiation|PAR|PM10|PM2.5|(((

Rain

Gauge

)))|(((

Air

Pressure

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

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|Humidity|Temperature|CO2|(((

Rain/Snow

Detect

)))|illuminance|(((

Wind

Direction

)))|Wind Speed|BAT

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

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|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

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|AT+STYPE=80221|Set sensor types|OK

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Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

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|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

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|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

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|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

677

|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

678

679

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

680

681

682

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

683

684

* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

685

686

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

687

688

~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

695

696

== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

697

698

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

699

700

701

== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

702

703

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

710

711

712

Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

722

* RS485 / Modbus protocol

723

* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

724

* AT Commands to change parameters

725

* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

726

* Firmware upgradable via program port

727

* Powered by external 12v battery

728

* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

729

* IP Rating: IP65

730

* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

731

732

== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

733

734

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

744

745

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

756

757

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

758

759

760

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

761

762

763

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

764

765

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

772

773

== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

774

775

WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

776

777

778

WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

779

780

shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

781

782

783

WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

784

785

Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

786

787

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

788

789

790

The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

791

792

to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

793

794

795

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

800

801

* RS485 Rain Gauge

802

* Small dimension, easy to install

803

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

804

* ABS enclosure.

805

* Horizontal adjustable.

806

807

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

812

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

813

* Interface: RS485

814

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

815

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

816

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

817

818

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

819

820

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

821

822

823

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

824

825

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

831

832

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

833

834

Installation Photo as reference:

835

836

837

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on Ground:**

838

839

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

840

841

842

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on pole:**

843

844

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

845

846

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

847

848

849

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

850

851

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

852

853

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

854

855

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

860

861

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

862

863

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

864

865

866

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

867

868

869

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

870

871

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

872

873

874

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

875

876

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

877

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

878

879

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

880

881

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

882

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

883

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

884

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

885

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

886

* Interface: RS485

887

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

888

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

889

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

890

* Cable Length: 2 meters

891

892

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

893

894

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

895

896

897

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

898

899

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

900

901

902

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

903

904

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

905

906

907

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

908

909

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

910

911

912

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

929

930

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

931

932

933

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

934

935

936

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

937

938

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

939

940

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

941

942

943

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

944

945

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

946

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

947

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

948

949

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

950

951

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

952

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

953

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

954

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

955

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

956

* Preheat time: 3min

957

* Interface: RS485

958

* Working Temperature:

959

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

960

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

961

* Working Humidity:

962

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

963

** CO2: 0～95%RH

964

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

965

966

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

967

968

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

969

970

971

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

972

973

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

974

975

976

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

977

978

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

979

980

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

981

982

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

990

991

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

992

993

994

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

995

996

997

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

998

999

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1000

1001

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

1006

1007

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

1008

* Surface heating to dry

1009

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

1010

1011

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

1012

1013

* Detect if there is rain or snow

1014

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1015

* Interface: RS485

1016

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1017

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1018

* Power Consumption:

1019

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

1020

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

1021

1022

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

1023

1024

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

1025

1026

1027

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

1028

1029

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1030

1031

1032

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

1033

1034

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1035

1036

1037

Install with 15°degree.

1038

1039

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

1040

1041

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

1047

1048

1049

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

1056

1057

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

1058

1059

1060

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1061

1062

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1063

1064

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1065

1066

1067

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

1068

1069

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

1070

1071

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

1072

1073

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1074

* Interface: RS485

1075

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

1080

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

1081

** resolution 0.1 %RH

1082

** Accuracy: 3% RH

1083

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

1084

** Range: 10～1100hPa

1085

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

1086

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

1087

* Illuminate sensor:

1088

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

1089

** Resolution: 10 Lux

1090

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

1091

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1092

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1093

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1094

1095

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

1096

1097

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

1098

1099

1100

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

1101

1102

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1103

1104

1105

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

1106

1107

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

1112

1113

1114

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1115

1116

1117

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

1118

1119

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1120

1121

1122

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1123

1124

1125

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1126

1127

1128

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1129

1130

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1135

1136

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1137

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1138

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

1139

1140

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1141

1142

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1143

* Interface: RS485

1144

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1145

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1146

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1147

* Accuracy: ±3%

1148

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1149

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1150

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1151

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1152

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1153

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1154

1155

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1156

1157

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1158

1159

1160

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1161

1162

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1163

1164

1165

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1166

1167

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1168

1169

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1170

1171

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1172

1173

1174

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1175

1176

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1177

1178

1179

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1184

1185

1186

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1187

1188

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1189

1190

1191

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1192

1193

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1194

1195

1196

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1197

1198

1199

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1200

1201

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1202

* Interface: RS485

1203

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1204

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1205

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1206

* Accuracy: ±2%

1207

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1208

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1209

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1210

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

1211

1212

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1213

1214

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1215

1216

1217

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1218

1219

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1220

1221

1222

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1223

1224

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1225

1226

1227

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1228

1229

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1235

1236

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1237

1238

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1239

1240

1241

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1247

1248

Firmware Location & Change log:

1249

1250

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1251

1252

1253

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1254

1255

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1256

1257

1258

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1259

1260

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1265

1266

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1267

1268

1269

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1280

1281

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1282

1283

**XX**: The default frequency band

1284

1285

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1286

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1287

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1288

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1289

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1290

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1291

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1292

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1297

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1298

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1299

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1300

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1301

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1302

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1303

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1304

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1309

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1310

1311

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

1318

1319