Dragino LoRaWAN Weather Station User Manual

Dragino LoRaWAN weather station series products are designed for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**weather and climate**(%%). They consist of a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**main process device (WSC1-L) and various sensors**.

25

)))

26

(((

)))

(((

The sensors include various type such as: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Rain Gauge**, **Temperature/Humidity/Pressure sensor**, **Wind Speed/direction sensor**, **Illumination sensor**, **CO2 sensor**, **Rain/Snow sensor**,** PM2.5/10 sensor**, **PAR(Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor, Total Solar Radiation sensor**(%%) and so on.

)))

(((

)))

(((

Main process device WSC1-L is an outdoor LoRaWAN RS485 end node. It is powered by external (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**12v solar power**(%%) and have a (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**built-in li-on backup battery**(%%). WSC1-L reads value from various sensors and upload these sensor data to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless protocol.

)))

(((

)))

(((

WSC1-L is full compatible with(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** LoRaWAN Class C protocol**(%%), it can work with standard LoRaWAN gateway.

)))

= 2. How to use =

== 2.1 Installation ==

56

57

Below is an installation example for the weather station. Field installation example can be found at [[Appendix I: Field Installation Photo.>>||anchor="H11.AppendixI:FieldInstallationPhoto"]]

58

59

[[image:1656041948552-849.png]]

60

61

62

(% style="color:blue" %)** Wiring:**

63

64

~1. WSC1-L and sensors all powered by solar power via MPPT

65

66

2. WSC1-L and sensors connect to each other via RS485/Modbus.

67

68

3. WSC1-L read value from each sensor and send uplink via LoRaWAN

69

70

71

WSC1-L is shipped with a RS485 converter board, for the easy connection to different sensors and WSC1-L. Below is a connection photo:

72

73

[[image:1656042136605-251.png]]

74

75

76

(% style="color:red" %) ** Notice 1:**

77

78

* All weather sensors and WSC1-L are powered by MPPT solar recharge controller. MPPT is connected to solar panel and storage battery.

79

* WSC1-L has an extra 1000mAh back up battery. So it can work even solar panel and storage battery Fails.

80

* Weather sensors won’t work if solar panel and storage battery fails.

81

82

83

(% style="color:red" %)** Notice 2:**

84

85

Due to shipment and importation limitation, user is better to purchase below parts locally:

* Solar Panel

* Storage Battery

* MPPT Solar Recharger

90

* Mounting Kit includes pole and mast assembly. Each weather sensor has it’s own mounting assembly, user can check the sensor section in this manual.

91

* Cabinet.

92

93

== 2.2 How it works? ==

94

95

Each WSC1-L is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use WSC1-L in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN network server. After finish installation as above. Create WSC1-L in your LoRaWAN server and Power on WSC1-L , it can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.

96

97

98

Open WSC1-L and put the yellow jumper as below position to power on WSC1-L.

99

100

[[image:1656042192857-709.png]]

101

102

103

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice:**

104

105

1. WSC1-L will auto scan available weather sensors when power on or reboot.

106

1. User can send a downlink command to WSC1-L to do a re-scan on the available sensors.

107

108

109

== 2.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

110

111

This section shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are of similar procedure.

112

113

114

[[image:1656042612899-422.png]]

Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the WSC1-L device in TTN V3:

119

120

121

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from WSC1-L.

122

123

Each WSC1-L is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

124

125

[[image:image-20220624115043-1.jpeg]]

126

127

128

User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

129

130

**Add APP EUI in the application.**

131

132

[[image:1656042662694-311.png]]

133

134

[[image:1656042673910-429.png]]

**Choose Manually to add WSC1-L**

140

141

[[image:1656042695755-103.png]]

**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**

146

147

[[image:1656042723199-746.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on WSC1-L, it will start to join TTN server. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.

152

153

154

[[image:1656042745346-283.png]]

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

159

160

Uplink payloads include two types: Valid Sensor Value and other status / control command.

161

162

* Valid Sensor Value: Use FPORT=2

163

* Other control command: Use FPORT other than 2.

164

165

166

=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

167

168

Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once WSC1-L Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After first uplink, WSC1-L will uplink Device Status every 12 hours

169

170

171

User can also use downlink command(0x2301) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink

172

173

(% border="1" cellspacing="8" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

174

175

|(% style="width:99px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:112px" %)[[Sensor Model>>||anchor="HSensorModel:"]]|(% style="width:135px" %)[[Firmware Version>>||anchor="HFirmwareVersion:"]]|(% style="width:126px" %)[[Frequency Band>>||anchor="HFrequencyBand:"]]|(% style="width:85px" %)[[Sub-band>>||anchor="HSub-Band:"]]|(% style="width:46px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]|(% style="width:166px" %)[[Weather Sensor Types>>||anchor="HWeatherSensorTypes:"]]

176

177

[[image:1656043061044-343.png]]

178

179

180

Example Payload (FPort=5): [[image:image-20220624101005-1.png]]

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:**(%%) ====

185

186

For WSC1-L, this value is 0x0D.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version:**(%%) ====

191

192

0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version.

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band:**(%%) ====

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band:**(%%) ====

221

222

value 0x00 ~~ 0x08(only for CN470, AU915,US915. Others are0x00)

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

227

228

shows the battery voltage for WSC1-L MCU.

229

230

Ex1: 0x0BD6/1000 = 3.03 V

==== (% style="color:#037691" %)**Weather Sensor Types:**(%%) ====

|Byte3|Byte2|Byte1

Bit = 1 means this sensor is connected, Bit=0 means this sensor is not connected

239

240

241

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

242

|N/A|Customize-A4|Customize-A3|Customize-A2|Customize-A1|N/A|N/A|N/A

243

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

244

|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A|N/A

245

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

246

|WSS-07|WSS-06|WSS-05|WSS-04|WSS-03|WSS-02|WSS-01|N/A

247

248

Eg: 0x1000FE = 1 0000 0000 0000 1111 1110(b)

249

250

External sensors detected by WSC1-L include :

custom sensor A1,

PAR sensor (WSS-07),

Total Solar Radiation sensor (WSS-06),

257

258

CO2/PM2.5/PM10 (WSS-03),

259

260

Wind Speed/Direction (WSS-02)

User can also use downlink command(0x26 01) to ask WSC1-L to resend this uplink :

266

267

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:0x26 01**

268

269

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png||alt="1646898147(1)"]]

=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Real time sensor value ===

275

276

WSC1-L will send this uplink after Device Config uplink once join LoRaWAN network successfully. And it will periodically send this uplink. Default interval is 20 minutes and [[can be changed>>||anchor="H"]].

277

278

Uplink uses FPORT=2 and every 20 minutes send one uplink by default.

279

280

281

The upload length is dynamic, depends on what type of weather sensors are connected. The uplink payload is combined with sensor segments. As below:

282

283

|Sensor Segment 1|Sensor Segment 2|……|Sensor Segment n

284

285

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Uplink Payload**:

286

287

|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

288

289

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Sensor Segment Define**:

Sensor Type Table:

|**Wind Speed**|0x01|(((

Speed: 0～60m/s

Level: 0～17

)))|0x03 |(((

0x0024/10=3.6m/s

(0x02FE: No Sensor, 0x02FF: Value Error)

0x02=2

(0x14: No Sensor, 0x15: Value Error)

308

)))

309

|**Wind Direction**|0x02|(((

310

Angel: 0～360°

311

312

Direction: 16 positions

)))|0x03|(((

0x029A/10=66.6°

(0x0EFE: No Sensor,0x0EFF: Value Error)

0X03=3(ENE)

(0x14: No Sensor,0x15: Value Error)

321

)))

322

|**Illumination**|0x03|0～200000Lux|0x02|(((

323

0x04D2 *10=12340Lux

324

325

(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

326

)))

327

|**Rain / Snow**|0x04|00: No, 01 Yes.|0x01|(((

328

0x00 (00) No Rain or snow detected

329

330

(0x02: No Sensor,0x03: Value Error)

331

)))

332

|**CO2**|0x05|0～5000ppm|0x02|(((

333

0x0378=888ppm

334

335

(0x14FE: No Sensor,0x14FF: Value Error)

336

)))

337

|**Temperature**|0x06|-30℃～70℃|0x02|(((

338

0xFFDD/10=-3.5℃

339

340

(0x02FE: No Sensor,0x02FF: Value Error)

341

)))

342

|**Humidity**|0x07|0～100%RH|0x02|0x0164/10=35.6%RH (0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

343

|**Pressure**|0x08|10～1100hPa|0x02|(((

344

0x2748/10=1005.6hPa

345

346

(0x00: No Sensor,0x01: Value Error)

347

)))

348

|**Rain Gauge**|0x09|0mm/min～100mm/min|0x02|(((

349

0x0000/10=0mm /min

350

351

(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

352

)))

353

|**PM2.5**|0x0A|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

354

0x0023=35μg/m^^3 ^^

355

356

(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

357

)))

358

|**PM10**|0x0B|0～1000μg/m^^3^^|0x02|(((

359

0x002D=45μg/m^^3 ^^

360

361

(0x03FE: No Sensor,0x03FF: Value Error)

362

)))

363

|**PAR**|0x0C|0～2500μmol/m^^2^^•s|0x02|(((

364

0x00B3=179μmol/m^^2^^•s

365

366

(0x09FE: No Sensor,0x9FF: Value Error)

)))

|(((

**Total Solar**

**Radiation**

)))|0x0D|0～2000W/m^^2^^|0x02|(((

373

0x0073/10=11.5W/m^^2^^

374

375

(0x4EFE: No Sensor,0x4EFF: Value Error)

376

)))

377

378

Below is an example payload:

379

380

01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

381

382

383

When sending this payload to LoRaWAN server. WSC1-L will send this in one uplink or several uplinks according to LoRaWAN spec requirement. For example, total length of Payload is 54 bytes.

384

385

* When WSC1-L sending in US915 frequency DR0 data rate. Because this data rate has limitation of 11 bytes payload for each uplink. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink. Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03

386

387

Uplink 2: 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3 0D 02 00 73

388

389

390

* When WSC1-L sending in EU868 frequency DR0 data rate. The payload will be split into below packets and uplink:

391

392

Uplink 1: 01 03 00 14 02 02 03 02 C9 03 03 02 11 90 04 02 00 0A 05 02 02 1C 06 02 00 FA 07 02 02 62 08 02 27 63 09 02 00 00 0A 02 00 23 0B 02 00 2D 0C 02 00 B3

393

394

Uplink 2: 0D 02 00 73

=== 2.4.3 Decoder in TTN V3 ===

400

401

In LoRaWAN platform, user only see HEX payload by default, user needs to use payload formatters to decode the payload to see human-readable value.

402

403

404

Download decoder for suitable platform from:

405

406

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/WSC1-L/]]

and put as below:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]

== 2.5 Show data on Application Server ==

415

416

Application platform provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

417

418

419

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.

420

421

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.

422

423

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

Add TagoIO:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

Authorization:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]

433

434

435

In TagoIO console ([[https:~~/~~/admin.tago.io~~/~~/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add WSC1-L:

436

437

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]

= 3. Configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

442

443

Use can configure WSC1-L via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

444

445

* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H"]].

446

* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms:

447

448

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server]]

449

450

451

There are two kinds of commands to configure WSC1-L, they are:

452

453

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**General Commands**.

454

455

These commands are to configure:

456

457

* General system settings like: uplink interval.

458

* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

459

460

They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack((% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*)(%%). These commands can be found on the wiki:

461

462

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command]]

463

464

(% style="color:red" %)Note~*~*: Please check early user manual if you don’t have v1.8.0 firmware.

465

466

467

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Commands special design for WSC1-L**

468

469

These commands only valid for WSC1-L, as below:

470

471

472

== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

473

474

Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

475

476

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

477

478

|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

479

|AT+TDC?|Show current transmit Interval|(((

30000

OK

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

485

)))

486

|AT+TDC=60000|Set Transmit Interval|(((

487

OK

488

489

Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

490

)))

491

492

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

493

494

Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

495

496

If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

497

498

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

499

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

500

501

== 3.2 Set Emergency Mode ==

502

503

Feature: In emergency mode, WSC1-L will uplink data every 1 minute.

504

505

506

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

507

508

|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

509

|AT+ALARMMOD=1|Enter emergency mode. Uplink every 1 minute|OK

510

|AT+ALARMMOD=0|Exit emergency mode. Uplink base on TDC time|OK

511

512

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

513

514

* 0xE101 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=1

515

* 0xE100 Same as: AT+ALARMMOD=0

516

517

== 3.3 Add or Delete RS485 Sensor ==

518

519

Feature: User can add or delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor as long they are RS485/Modbus interface,baud rate support 9600.Maximum can add 4 sensors.

520

521

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: **

522

523

AT+DYSENSOR=Type_Code, Query_Length, Query_Command , Read_Length , Valid_Data ,has_CRC,timeout

524

525

* Type_Code range: A1 ~~ A4

526

* Query_Length: RS485 Query frame length, Value cannot be greater than 10

527

* Query_Command: RS485 Query frame data to be sent to sensor, cannot be larger than 10 bytes

528

* Read_Length: RS485 response frame length supposed to receive. Max can receive

529

* Valid_Data: valid data from RS485 Response, Valid Data will be added to Payload and upload via LoRaWAN.

530

* has_CRC: RS485 Response crc check (0: no verification required 1: verification required). If CRC=1 and CRC error, valid data will be set to 0.

531

* timeout: RS485 receive timeout (uint:ms). Device will close receive window after timeout

Example:

User need to change external sensor use the type code as address code.

536

537

With a 485 sensor, after correctly changing the address code to A1, the RS485 query frame is shown in the following table:

538

539

540

|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x00|0x00|0x01|0x9C|0xAA

541

| | | | | | | |

542

543

The response frame of the sensor is as follows:

544

545

546

|0xA1|0x03|0x00|0x02|0x00|0x0A|0x7C|0xAD

547

| | | | | | | |

548

549

Then the following parameters should be:

550

551

* Address_Code range: A1

552

* Query_Length: 8

553

* Query_Command: A103000000019CAA

554

* Read_Length: 8

555

* Valid_Data: 24 (Indicates that the data length is 2 bytes, starting from the 4th byte)

556

* has_CRC: 1

557

* timeout: 1500 (Fill in the test according to the actual situation)

558

559

So the input command is:

560

561

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,8,A103000000019CAA,8,24,1,1500

562

563

564

In every sampling. WSC1-L will auto append the sensor segment as per this structure and uplink.

565

566

|Type Code|Length (Bytes)|Measured Value

|A1|2|0x000A

Related commands:

AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0 –> Delete 3^^rd^^ party sensor A1.

572

573

AT+DYSENSOR ~-~-> List All 3^^rd^^ Party Sensor. Like below:

574

575

576

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: **

577

578

**delete custom sensor A1:**

579

580

* 0xE5A1 Same as: AT+DYSENSOR=A1,0

581

582

**Remove all custom sensors**

* 0xE5FF

== 3.4 RS485 Test Command ==

587

588

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

589

590

|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

591

|AT+RSWRITE=xxxxxx|(((

592

Send command to 485 sensor

593

594

Range : no more than 10 bytes

595

)))|OK

596

597

Eg: Send command **01 03 00 00 00 01 84 0A** to 485 sensor

598

599

AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

600

601

602

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

603

604

* 0xE20103000001840A Same as: AT+RSWRITE=0103000001840A

605

606

== 3.5 RS485 response timeout ==

607

608

Feature: Set or get extended time to receive 485 sensor data.

609

610

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

611

612

|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

613

|AT+DTR=1000|(((

614

Set response timeout to:

Range : 0~~10000

)))|OK

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

620

621

Format: Command Code (0xE0) followed by 3 bytes time value.

622

623

If the downlink payload=E0000005, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x000005=5(S), while type code is E0.

624

625

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: E0000005 ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 5 seconds

626

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: E000000A ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (DTR) = 10 seconds

627

628

== 3.6 Set Sensor Type ==

629

630

Feature: Set sensor in used. If there are 6 sensors, user can set to only send 5 sensors values.

631

632

See [[definition>>||anchor="H"]] for the sensor type.

633

634

635

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

636

| |A4|A3|A2|A1| | |

637

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

638

| | |Solar Radiation|PAR|PM10|PM2.5|(((

Rain

Gauge

)))|(((

Air

Pressure

)))

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

648

|Humidity|Temperature|CO2|(((

Rain/Snow

Detect

)))|illuminance|(((

Wind

Direction

)))|Wind Speed|BAT

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

659

660

|**Command Example**|**Function**|**Response**

661

|AT+STYPE=80221|Set sensor types|OK

662

663

Eg: The setting command **AT+STYPE=802212** means:

664

665

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte3|Bit23|Bit22|Bit21|Bit20|Bit19|Bit18|Bit17|Bit16

666

|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0

667

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte2|Bit15|Bit14|Bit13|Bit12|Bit11|Bit10|Bit9|Bit8

668

|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0

669

|(% rowspan="2" %)Byte1|Bit7|Bit6|Bit5|Bit4|Bit3|Bit2|Bit1|Bit0

670

|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|1

671

672

So wsc1-L will upload the following data: Custom Sensor A1, Rain Gauge,CO2,BAT.

673

674

675

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command:**

676

677

* 0xE400802212 Same as: AT+STYPE=80221

678

679

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

680

681

~1. The sensor type will not be saved to flash, and the value will be updated every time the sensor is restarted or rescanned

= 4. Power consumption and battery =

688

689

== 4.1 Total Power Consumption ==

690

691

Dragino Weather Station serial products include the main process unit ( WSC1-L ) and various sensors. The total power consumption equal total power of all above units. The power consumption for main process unit WSC1-L is 18ma @ 12v. and the power consumption of each sensor can be found on the Sensors chapter.

692

693

694

== 4.2 Reduce power consumption ==

695

696

The main process unit WSC1-L is set to LoRaWAN Class C by default. If user want to reduce the power consumption of this unit, user can set it to run in Class A. In Class A mode, WSC1-L will not be to get real-time downlink command from IoT Server.

== 4.3 Battery ==

All sensors are only power by external power source. If external power source is off. All sensor won’t work.

703

704

705

Main Process Unit WSC1-L is powered by both external power source and internal 1000mAh rechargeable battery. If external power source is off, WSC1-L still runs and can send periodically uplinks, but the sensors value will become invalid. External power source can recharge the 1000mAh rechargeable battery.

= 5. Main Process Unit WSC1-L =

== 5.1 Features ==

* Wall Attachable.

* LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol.

715

* RS485 / Modbus protocol

716

* Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915

717

* AT Commands to change parameters

718

* Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink

719

* Firmware upgradable via program port

720

* Powered by external 12v battery

721

* Back up rechargeable 1000mAh battery

722

* IP Rating: IP65

723

* Support default sensors or 3rd party RS485 sensors

724

725

== 5.2 Power Consumption ==

726

727

WSC1-L (without external sensor): Idle: 4mA, Transmit: max 40mA

== 5.3 Storage & Operation Temperature ==

-20°C to +60°C

== 5.4 Pin Mapping ==

737

738

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]

== 5.5 Mechanical ==

Refer LSn50v2 enclosure drawing in: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

== 5.6 Connect to RS485 Sensors ==

749

750

WSC1-L includes a RS485 converter PCB. Which help it easy to connect multiply RS485 sensors. Below is the photo for reference.

751

752

753

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

754

755

756

Hardware Design for the Converter Board please see:

757

758

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/RS485_Converter_Board/]]

= 6. Weather Sensors =

765

766

== 6.1 Rain Gauge ~-~- WSS-01 ==

767

768

WSS-01 RS485 Rain Gauge is used in meteorology and hydrology to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation (mainly rainfall) over an area.

769

770

771

WSS-01 uses a tipping bucket to detect rainfall. The tipping bucket use 3D streamline

772

773

shape to make sure it works smoothly and is easy to clean.

774

775

776

WSS-01 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

777

778

Users only need to connect WSS-01 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

779

780

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the rainfall to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol

781

782

783

The tipping bucket of WSS-01 is adjusted to the best angle. When installation, user only needs

784

785

to screw up and adjust the bottom horizontally.

786

787

788

WSS-01 package includes screw which can be installed to ground. If user want to install WSS-01 on pole, they can purchase WS-K2 bracket kit.

=== 6.1.1 Feature ===

793

794

* RS485 Rain Gauge

795

* Small dimension, easy to install

796

* Vents under funnel, avoid leaf or other things to avoid rain flow.

797

* ABS enclosure.

798

* Horizontal adjustable.

799

800

=== 6.1.2 Specification ===

* Resolution: 0.2mm

* Accuracy: ±3%

* Rainfall strength: 0mm～4mm/min (max 8mm/min)

805

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

806

* Interface: RS485

807

* Working Temperature: 0℃～70℃ ( incorrect below 0 degree, because water become ICE)

808

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

809

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v.

810

811

=== 6.1.3 Dimension ===

812

813

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.jpg||alt="c2d3aee592ccc873bea6dd891451df2"]]

814

815

816

=== 6.1.4 Pin Mapping ===

817

818

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

=== 6.1.5 Installation Notice ===

824

825

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

826

827

Installation Photo as reference:

828

829

830

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on Ground:**

831

832

WSS-01 Rain Gauge include screws so can install in ground directly .

833

834

835

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Install on pole:**

836

837

If user want to install on pole, they can purchase the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** WS-K2 : Bracket Kit for Pole installation**(%%), and install as below:

838

839

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]

840

841

842

WS-K2: Bracket Kit for Pole installation:

843

844

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]

845

846

WSSC-K2 dimension document, please see:

847

848

https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Weather_Station/

== 6.2 Wind Speed/Direction ~-~- WSS-02 ==

853

854

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

855

856

WSS-02 is a RS485 wind speed and wind direction monitor designed for weather station solution.

857

858

859

WSS-02 shell is made of polycarbonate composite material, which has good anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion characteristics, and ensure the long-term use of the sensor without rust. At the same time, it cooperates with the internal smooth bearing system to ensure the stability of information collection

860

861

862

Users only need to connect WSS-02 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

863

864

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the wind speed and direction to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

865

866

867

=== 6.2.1 Feature ===

868

869

* RS485 wind speed / direction sensor

870

* PC enclosure, resist corrosion

871

872

=== 6.2.2 Specification ===

873

874

* Wind speed range: 0 ~~ 30m/s, (always show 30m/s for higher speed)

875

* Wind direction range: 0 ~~ 360°

876

* Start wind speed: ≤0.3m/s

877

* Accuracy: ±（0.3＋0.03V）m/s , ±1°

878

* Input Power: DC 5~~24v

879

* Interface: RS485

880

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

881

* Working Humidity: <100% (no dewing)

882

* Power Consumption: 13mA ~~ 12v.

883

* Cable Length: 2 meters

884

885

=== 6.2.3 Dimension ===

886

887

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg]]

888

889

890

=== 6.2.4 Pin Mapping ===

891

892

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

893

894

895

=== 6.2.4 Angle Mapping ===

896

897

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

898

899

900

=== 6.2.5 Installation Notice ===

901

902

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

903

904

905

The sensor must be installed with below direction, towards North.

|(((

North

)))

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

== 6.3 CO2/PM2.5/PM10 ~-~- WSS-03 ==

922

923

WSS-03 is a RS485 Air Quality sensor. It can monitor CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time.

924

925

926

WSS-03 uses weather proof shield which can make sure the sensors are well protected against UV & radiation.

927

928

929

WSS-03 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

930

931

Users only need to connect WSS-03 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

932

933

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the environment CO2, PM2.5 and PM10 to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

934

935

936

=== 6.3.1 Feature ===

937

938

* RS485 CO2, PM2.5, PM10 sensor

939

* NDIR to measure CO2 with Internal Temperature Compensation

940

* Laser Beam Scattering to PM2.5 and PM10

941

942

=== 6.3.2 Specification ===

943

944

* CO2 Range: 0～5000ppm, accuracy: ±3%F•S（25℃）

945

* CO2 resolution: 1ppm

946

* PM2.5/PM10 Range: 0～1000μg/m3 , accuracy ±3%F•S（25℃）

947

* PM2.5/PM10 resolution: 1μg/m3

948

* Input Power: DC 7 ~~ 24v

949

* Preheat time: 3min

950

* Interface: RS485

951

* Working Temperature:

952

** CO2: 0℃～50℃;

953

** PM2.5/PM10: -30 ~~ 50℃

954

* Working Humidity:

955

** PM2.5/PM10: 15～80%RH (no dewing)

956

** CO2: 0～95%RH

957

* Power Consumption: 50mA@ 12v.

958

959

=== 6.3.3 Dimension ===

960

961

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

962

963

964

=== 6.3.4 Pin Mapping ===

965

966

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

967

968

969

=== 6.3.5 Installation Notice ===

970

971

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

972

973

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

974

975

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

== 6.4 Rain/Snow Detect ~-~- WSS-04 ==

983

984

WSS-04 is a RS485 rain / snow detect sensor. It can monitor Rain or Snow event.

985

986

987

WSS-04 has auto heating feature, this ensures measurement more reliable.

988

989

990

WSS-04 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

991

992

Users only need to connect WSS-04 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

993

994

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload the SNOW/Rain Event to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.4.1 Feature ===

999

1000

* RS485 Rain/Snow detect sensor

1001

* Surface heating to dry

1002

* grid electrode uses Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold design for resist corrosion

1003

1004

=== 6.4.2 Specification ===

1005

1006

* Detect if there is rain or snow

1007

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1008

* Interface: RS485

1009

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1010

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1011

* Power Consumption:

1012

** No heating: 12mA @ 12v,

1013

** heating: 94ma @ 12v.

1014

1015

=== 6.4.3 Dimension ===

1016

1017

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

1018

1019

1020

=== 6.4.4 Pin Mapping ===

1021

1022

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1023

1024

1025

=== 6.4.5 Installation Notice ===

1026

1027

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1028

1029

1030

Install with 15°degree.

1031

1032

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

1033

1034

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]]

=== 6.4.6 Heating ===

1040

1041

1042

WSS-04 supports auto-heat feature. When the temperature is below the heat start temperature 15℃, WSS-04 starts to heat and stop at stop temperature (default is 25℃).

== 6.5 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure ~-~- WSS-05 ==

1049

1050

WSS-05 is a 4 in 1 RS485 sensor which can monitor Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance and Pressure at the same time.

1051

1052

1053

WSS-05 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1054

1055

Users only need to connect WSS-05 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1056

1057

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload environment Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1058

1059

1060

=== 6.5.1 Feature ===

1061

1062

* RS485 Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance, Pressure sensor

1063

1064

=== 6.5.2 Specification ===

1065

1066

* Input Power: DC 12 ~~ 24v

1067

* Interface: RS485

1068

* Temperature Sensor Spec:

** Range: -30 ~~ 70℃

** resolution 0.1℃

** Accuracy: ±0.5℃

* Humidity Sensor Spec:

1073

** Range: 0 ~~ 100% RH

1074

** resolution 0.1 %RH

1075

** Accuracy: 3% RH

1076

* Pressure Sensor Spec:

1077

** Range: 10～1100hPa

1078

** Resolution: 0.1hPa

1079

** Accuracy: ±0.1hPa

1080

* Illuminate sensor:

1081

** Range: 0～2/20/200kLux

1082

** Resolution: 10 Lux

1083

** Accuracy: ±3％FS

1084

* Working Temperature: -30℃～70℃

1085

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1086

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1087

1088

=== 6.5.3 Dimension ===

1089

1090

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg]]

1091

1092

1093

=== 6.5.4 Pin Mapping ===

1094

1095

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1096

1097

1098

=== 6.5.5 Installation Notice ===

1099

1100

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

1105

1106

1107

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

1108

1109

1110

== 6.6 Total Solar Radiation sensor ~-~- WSS-06 ==

1111

1112

WSS-06 is Total Radiation Sensor can be used to measure the total solar radiation in the spectral range of 0.3 to 3 μm (300 to 3000 nm). If the sensor face is down, the reflected radiation can be measured, and the shading ring can also be used to measure the scattered radiation.

1113

1114

1115

The core device of the radiation sensor is a high-precision photosensitive element, which has good stability and high precision; at the same time, a precision-machined PTTE radiation cover is installed outside the sensing element, which effectively prevents environmental factors from affecting its performance

1116

1117

1118

WSS-06 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1119

1120

1121

Users only need to connect WSS-06 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1122

1123

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Total Solar Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

=== 6.6.1 Feature ===

1128

1129

* RS485 Total Solar Radiation sensor

1130

* Measure Total Radiation between 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1131

* Measure Reflected Radiation if sense area towards ground.

1132

1133

=== 6.6.2 Specification ===

1134

1135

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1136

* Interface: RS485

1137

* Detect spectrum: 0.3～3μm（300～3000nm）

1138

* Measure strength range: 0～2000W/m2

1139

* Resolution: 0.1W/m2

1140

* Accuracy: ±3%

1141

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1142

* Cosine response: ≤7％ (@ Sun angle 10°)

1143

* Temperature Effect: ±2％（－10℃～40℃）

1144

* Working Temperature: -40℃～70℃

1145

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1146

* Power Consumption: 4mA @ 12v

1147

1148

=== 6.6.3 Dimension ===

1149

1150

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1151

1152

1153

=== 6.6.4 Pin Mapping ===

1154

1155

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1156

1157

1158

=== 6.6.5 Installation Notice ===

1159

1160

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1161

1162

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1163

1164

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

1165

1166

1167

== 6.7 PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) ~-~- WSS-07 ==

1168

1169

WSS-07 photosynthetically active radiation sensor is mainly used to measure the photosynthetically active radiation of natural light in the wavelength range of 400-700nm.

1170

1171

1172

WSS-07 use precision optical detectors and has an optical filter of 400-700nm, when natural light is irradiated, a voltage signal proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation is generated, and its luminous flux density is proportional to the cosine of the direct angle of the incident light.

WSS-07 is designed to support the Dragino Weather station solution.

1177

1178

1179

Users only need to connect WSS-07 RS485 interface to WSC1-L. The weather station main

1180

1181

processor WSC1-L can detect and upload Photosynthetically Available Radiation to the IoT Server via wireless LoRaWAN protocol.

1182

1183

1184

=== 6.7.1 Feature ===

1185

1186

PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation) sensor measure 400 ~~ 700nm wavelength nature light’s Photosynthetically Available Radiation.

1187

1188

1189

When nature light shine on the sense area, it will generate a signal base on the incidence radiation strength.

1190

1191

1192

=== 6.7.2 Specification ===

1193

1194

* Input Power: DC 5 ~~ 24v

1195

* Interface: RS485

1196

* Response Spectrum: 400～700nm

1197

* Measure range: 0～2500μmol/m2•s

1198

* Resolution: 1μmol/m2•s

1199

* Accuracy: ±2%

1200

* Yearly Stability: ≤±2％

1201

* Working Temperature: -30℃～75℃

1202

* Working Humidity: 10～90%RH

1203

* Power Consumption: 3mA @ 12v

1204

1205

=== 6.7.3 Dimension ===

1206

1207

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

1208

1209

1210

=== 6.7.4 Pin Mapping ===

1211

1212

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]

1213

1214

1215

=== 6.7.5 Installation Notice ===

1216

1217

Do not power on while connect the cables. Double check the wiring before power on.

1218

1219

1220

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

1221

1222

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 What else do I need to purchase to build Weather Station? ==

1228

1229

Below is the installation photo and structure:

1230

1231

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]

1232

1233

1234

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.png]]

== 7.2 How to upgrade firmware for WSC1-L? ==

1240

1241

Firmware Location & Change log:

1242

1243

[[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/WSC1-L/]]

1244

1245

1246

Firmware Upgrade instruction:

1247

1248

[[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Hardware_Upgrade_Method_Support_List]]

1249

1250

1251

== 7.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1252

1253

User can follow the introduction for how to upgrade image. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.4 Can I add my weather sensors? ==

1258

1259

Yes, connect the sensor to RS485 bus and see instruction: [[add sensors.>>path:#Add_sensor]]

1260

1261

1262

= 8. Trouble Shooting =

= 9. Order Info =

== 9.1 Main Process Unit ==

1273

1274

Part Number: **WSC1-L-XX**

1275

1276

**XX**: The default frequency band

1277

1278

* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band

1279

* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band

1280

* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band

1281

* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band

1282

* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band

1283

* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band

1284

* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band

1285

* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band

== 9.2 Sensors ==

|**Sensor Model**|**Part Number**

1290

|**Rain Gauge**|WSS-01

1291

|**Rain Gauge installation Bracket for Pole**|WS-K2

1292

|**Wind Speed Direction 2 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-02

1293

|**CO2/PM2.5/PM10 3 in 1 Sensor**|WSS-03

1294

|**Rain/Snow Detect Sensor**|WSS-04

1295

|**Temperature, Humidity, illuminance and Pressure 4 in 1 sensor**|WSS-05

1296

|**Total Solar Radiation Sensor**|WSS-06

1297

|**PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation)**|WSS-07

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1302

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to

1303

1304

[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]

= 11. Appendix I: Field Installation Photo =

1311

1312