Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/11 11:22
<
From version < 86.1 >
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2022/08/29 10:10
To version < 236.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2023/07/21 16:02
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Summary

Details

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Author
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1 -XWiki.Kilight
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Content
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16 16  
17 17  
18 18  
19 -= **1. Introduction** =
19 += 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
21 21  
22 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** ==
23 23  
24 -
25 25  (((
26 26  (((
27 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
28 28  )))
29 29  
30 30  (((
31 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
32 32  )))
33 33  
34 34  (((
35 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
36 36  )))
37 37  
38 38  (((
... ... @@ -40,14 +40,13 @@
40 40  )))
41 41  
42 42  (((
43 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
44 44  )))
45 45  
46 46  
46 +== 1.2 Specifications ==
47 47  
48 -== **1.2 Specifications** ==
49 49  
50 -
51 51  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
52 52  
53 53  * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz
... ... @@ -59,14 +59,16 @@
59 59  * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
60 60  * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless
61 61  * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n
60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm
61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm
62 62  
63 63  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:**
64 64  
65 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
66 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
67 67  * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC
68 68  
69 -== **1.3 Features** ==
69 +== 1.3 Features ==
70 70  
71 71  
72 72  * Open Source Debian system
... ... @@ -81,35 +81,31 @@
81 81  ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder
82 82  ** LoRaWAN Basic Station
83 83  ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT)
84 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)//**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server
85 -* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)//**Node-Red**// (%%)local Application server
84 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server
85 +* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server
86 86  
87 -== **1.4 Block Diagram** ==
87 +== 1.4 LED Indicators ==
88 88  
89 89  
90 -
91 -== **1.5 LED Indicators** ==
92 -
93 -
94 94  LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are:
95 95  
96 96  
97 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered//
93 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered
98 98  
99 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting//
95 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting
100 100  
101 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~://
97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
102 102  
103 -// ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.//
99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
104 104  
105 -// ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together//
101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
106 106  
107 -// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.//
103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
108 108  
109 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ WIFI LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.//
105 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
110 110  
111 111  
112 -== **1.6 Button Intruction** ==
108 +== 1.5 Button Intruction ==
113 113  
114 114  
115 115  LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
... ... @@ -117,33 +117,47 @@
117 117  
118 118  (% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s  : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration
119 119  
120 - // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.//
116 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.
121 121  
122 122  
123 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ **//**Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **//the gateway will restore the factory settings.//
119 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **the gateway will restore the factory settings.
124 124  
125 - //**LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.//
121 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
126 126  
127 -= **2. Quick Start** =
128 128  
124 += 2. Quick Start =
129 129  
126 +
130 130  The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network.
131 131  
132 132  In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network.
133 133  
134 134  
132 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 ==
135 135  
136 -== **2.1 Connects to the network and accesses the gateway Web UI** ==
134 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 ===
137 137  
138 138  
139 -== **2.1.1 connect the network.** ==
137 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ====
140 140  
141 141  
142 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ===
140 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password:
143 143  
142 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino**
144 144  
144 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1**
145 +
146 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]]
147 +
148 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
149 +
150 +
151 +
152 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
153 +
154 +
145 145  (((
146 -Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
156 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
147 147  )))
148 148  
149 149  (((
... ... @@ -154,34 +154,43 @@
154 154  
155 155  
156 156  
157 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ===
167 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
158 158  
159 159  
160 -[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
170 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]]
161 161  
162 162  
163 -(((
164 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address.
165 -)))
173 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:**
166 166  
175 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port
167 167  
177 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252
168 168  
169 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:**
170 170  
171 -~1. Connect PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port
180 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)**
172 172  
173 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has  IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252
174 174  
183 +As in the below photo:
175 175  
176 -[[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]
185 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]]
177 177  
178 178  
179 -and then On the PC, use the IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
188 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]**
180 180  
190 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
181 181  
182 -[[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]]
183 183  
193 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
184 184  
195 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
196 +
197 +
198 +
199 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
200 +
201 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
202 +
203 +
185 185  Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply**
186 186  
187 187  
... ... @@ -195,16 +195,107 @@
195 195  [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]]
196 196  
197 197  
198 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="513" width="1011"]]
217 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]]
199 199  
200 200  
220 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI ===
201 201  
202 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** ==
203 203  
223 +**Web Interface**
204 204  
205 -=== **2.2.1 Select your area frequency** ===
225 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method)
206 206  
207 207  
228 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP)
229 +
230 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below.
231 +
232 +The account details for Web Login are:
233 +
234 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root**
235 +
236 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
237 +
238 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
239 +
240 +
241 +== 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
242 +
243 +=== 2.2.1  Overview ===
244 +
245 +
246 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes:
247 +
248 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode**
249 +
250 +* **WiFi Client Mode**
251 +
252 +* **Cellular Mode**
253 +
254 +=== 2.2.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ===
255 +
256 +
257 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%):
258 +
259 +
260 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]]
261 +
262 +
263 +=== 2.2.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ===
264 +
265 +
266 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
267 +
268 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi**
269 +
270 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]]
271 +
272 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect.
273 +
274 +
275 +=== 2.2.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ===
276 +
277 +
278 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4**
279 +
280 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem.
281 +
282 +
283 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
284 +
285 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
286 +
287 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card.
288 +
289 +
290 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]]
291 +
292 +
293 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular**
294 +
295 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
296 +
297 +
298 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
299 +
300 +
301 +=== 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
302 +
303 +
304 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection.
305 +
306 +* GREEN Tick ​​​​ [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
307 +* Yellow  Tick  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
308 +* RED Cross  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet.
309 +
310 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]]
311 +
312 +
313 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network ==
314 +
315 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency ===
316 +
317 +
208 208  (((
209 209  First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
210 210  
... ... @@ -211,17 +211,16 @@
211 211  
212 212  )))
213 213  
214 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]]
324 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]]
215 215  
216 216  
327 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI ===
217 217  
218 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** ===
219 219  
220 -
221 221  Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page:
222 222  
223 223  
224 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]]
333 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]]
225 225  
226 226  
227 227  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address**
... ... @@ -239,10 +239,9 @@
239 239  [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]]
240 240  
241 241  
351 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network ===
242 242  
243 -== **2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network** ==
244 244  
245 -
246 246  **Login to The Things Network**
247 247  
248 248  [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]
... ... @@ -256,32 +256,30 @@
256 256  **Get it online**
257 257  
258 258  
367 += 3. Web Configure Pages =
259 259  
260 -= **3. Web Configure Pages** =
369 +== 3.1 Home ==
261 261  
262 262  
263 -== **3.1 Home** ==
372 +Shows the system running status:
264 264  
374 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]]
265 265  
266 -//Shows the system running status~://
267 267  
377 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings ==
268 268  
379 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
269 269  
270 -== **3.2 LoRa Settings** ==
271 271  
382 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.
272 272  
273 -=== **3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa** ===
384 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges:
274 274  
386 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.
387 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
275 275  
276 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.//
277 -
278 -//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~://
279 -
280 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.//
281 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920//
282 -
283 283  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
284 -//After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**//
390 +After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
285 285  
286 286  
287 287  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
... ... @@ -289,160 +289,301 @@
289 289  
290 290  
291 291  (((
292 -(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__//**
398 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//**
293 293  )))
294 294  
295 295  
402 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
296 296  
297 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings** ==
404 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP ===
298 298  
299 299  
300 -=== **3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP** ===
407 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.
301 301  
302 302  
303 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.//
304 -
305 -
306 306  [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]]
307 307  
308 308  
413 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station ===
309 309  
310 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** ===
311 311  
416 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.
312 312  
313 -//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.//
314 314  
315 -
316 316  [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]]
317 317  
318 318  
319 319  (((
320 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__
423 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__
321 321  )))
322 322  
323 323  
427 +== 3.4 Network Settings ==
324 324  
325 -== **3.4 Network Settings** ==
429 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
326 326  
431 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface
327 327  
328 -=== **3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi** ===
433 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]]
329 329  
330 330  
331 -[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]]
436 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
332 332  
333 333  
439 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
334 334  
335 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** ===
336 336  
442 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
337 337  
338 -[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
339 339  
445 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address.
340 340  
447 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]]
341 341  
342 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** ===
343 343  
450 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
344 344  
345 -[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]]
346 346  
453 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar.
347 347  
455 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.**
348 348  
349 -== **3.5 System** ==
457 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]]
350 350  
351 351  
352 -=== **3.5.1  System ~-~-> System Overview** ===
460 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state.
353 353  
462 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]]
354 354  
464 +
465 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716
466 +
467 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]]
468 +
469 +
470 +== 3.5 System ==
471 +
472 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
473 +
474 +
355 355  Shows the system info:
356 356  
477 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]]
357 357  
358 358  
359 -=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** ===
480 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
360 360  
361 361  
362 -[[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194" width="649"]]
483 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone.
363 363  
485 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address.
364 364  
487 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]]
365 365  
366 -= **4. Build-in Server** =
367 367  
490 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
368 368  
369 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red, and**(%%) LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).**
370 370  
493 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]]
371 371  
372 -[[image:image-20220820115644-1.png]]
373 373  
496 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
374 374  
498 +
499 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
500 +
501 +
502 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]**
503 +
504 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
505 +
506 +
507 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
508 +
509 +
510 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
511 +
512 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
513 +
514 +
515 += 4. Build-in Server =
516 +
517 +
518 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%).
519 +
520 +[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]]
521 +
522 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
523 +
524 +
525 +
375 375  (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
376 376  
377 - **Path**: System ~-~-> Built-in Server
528 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server
378 378  
530 + Server ~-~-> Application Server
379 379  
532 +
380 380  **Troubleshooting:**
381 381  
382 382  
383 383  **~ 1. URL does not jump properly**
384 384  
385 - For the ttn-stack, you can click the update the URL which will update the configuration where change the hostname to the current local IP address as the URL.
538 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
386 386  
387 - For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is 1880 to access it.
540 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
388 388  
389 389  
543 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- ChirpStack ==
390 390  
391 -== **4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** ==
392 392  
546 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
393 393  
394 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of **The Things Network - Stack **via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
395 -
396 396  Such as  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
397 397  
398 398  
399 399  Login account:
400 400  
401 -**User ID: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)admin(%%)**
553 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin**
402 402  
403 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino(%%)**
555 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)**
404 404  
557 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]]
405 405  
406 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]]
407 407  
408 408  
561 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack ===
409 409  
410 -== **4.2. Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** ==
411 411  
564 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply"
412 412  
413 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
566 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
414 414  
568 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]]
415 415  
416 -Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
417 417  
418 418  
572 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red ==
573 +
574 +
575 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
576 +
577 +
578 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
579 +
580 +
419 419  [[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]]
420 420  
421 421  
422 422  
423 -= **6. How users can access LPS8v2 using serial USB** =
585 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** ===
424 424  
587 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed.
425 425  
426 -**USB TTL to LPS8v2  Connection:**
427 427  
428 -Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8v2 is GND
590 +the users can refer to this link to install them.
429 429  
592 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
593 +
594 +
595 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** ===
596 +
597 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
598 +
599 +
600 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them.
601 +
602 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
603 +
604 +
605 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server ==
606 +
607 +
608 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:
609 +
430 430  (% class="box infomessage" %)
431 431  (((
432 -TXD  <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)
612 +**# start**
613 +systemctl start ttnstack
433 433  
434 -RXD  <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)
615 +**# stop**
616 +systemctl stop ttnstack
435 435  
436 -GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)
618 +**# enable**
619 +systemctl enable ttnstack
620 +
621 +**#disable**
622 +systemctl disable ttnstack
437 437  )))
438 438  
625 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
439 439  
440 -**LPS8v2 UART connection photo**
627 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
628 +(((
629 +**# start**
630 +systemctl start nodered
441 441  
442 -[[image:image-20220804163015-1.png||height="621" width="466"]]
632 +**# stop**
633 +systemctl stop nodered
443 443  
635 +**# enable**
636 +systemctl enable nodered
444 444  
638 +**#disable**
639 +systemctl disable nodered
640 +)))
445 445  
642 +
643 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 ==
644 +
645 +
646 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack:
647 +
648 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
649 +
650 +
651 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand ===
652 +
653 +
654 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first.
655 +
656 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2.
657 +
658 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
659 +
660 +
661 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
662 +
663 +
664 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
665 +
666 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
667 +
668 +
669 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge =
670 +
671 +
672 +
673 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
674 +
675 +
676 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2  Connection:**
677 +
678 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND
679 +
680 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
681 +(((
682 +**TXD  <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)**
683 +
684 +**RXD  <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)**
685 +
686 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)**
687 +)))
688 +
689 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo**
690 +
691 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]]
692 +
446 446  In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below:
447 447  
448 448  
... ... @@ -452,29 +452,210 @@
452 452  [[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]]
453 453  
454 454  
702 += 7. OTA System Update =
455 455  
456 -(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**10. Supports**
457 457  
705 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature.
458 458  
707 +
708 +== 7.1 Auto-update method ==
709 +
710 +
711 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function.
712 +
713 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight.
714 +
715 +
716 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page
717 +
718 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]]
719 +
720 +
721 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method ==
722 +
723 +
724 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
725 +
726 +
727 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
459 459  (((
460 -**//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**
729 +**apt update && apt install *dragino***
461 461  )))
462 462  
732 +
733 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
734 +
735 +
736 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
737 +
738 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
739 +
740 +
741 +
742 += 8. FAQ =
743 +
744 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname ==
745 +
746 +
747 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
748 +
749 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
463 463  (((
464 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//**
751 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
752 +)))
465 465  
754 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
466 466  
756 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
467 467  
468 -= **11 Reference** =
469 469  
759 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
470 470  
761 +
762 +Migrate guide:
763 +
764 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.**
765 +
766 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"**
767 +
768 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]]
769 +
770 +
771 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"**
772 +
773 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]]
774 +
775 +
776 +**4. Strat Install **
777 +
778 +
779 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds
780 +
781 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]]
782 +
783 +
784 +**5.Migration complete check result**
785 +
786 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]]
787 +
788 +
789 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]]
790 +
791 +
792 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed ==
793 +
794 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
795 +
796 +
797 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
798 +
799 +
800 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
801 +
802 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
803 +
804 +3. Disable the auto-update:
805 +
806 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
807 +
808 +
809 +
810 +
811 += 9. Trouble Shooting =
812 +
813 +== 9.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
814 +
815 +
816 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
817 +
818 +
819 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL.
820 +
821 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses.
822 +
823 +
824 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address.
825 +
826 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.**
827 +
828 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
829 +
830 +
831 +== 9.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
832 +
833 +
834 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
835 +
836 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
837 +
838 +
839 +== 9.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
840 +
841 +
842 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
843 +
844 +
845 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
846 +
847 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
848 +
849 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure.
850 +
851 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]]
852 +
853 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]]
854 +
855 +
856 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled**
857 +
858 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
859 +
860 +
861 +== 9.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
862 +
863 +
864 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
865 +
866 +
867 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
868 +
869 +
870 +== 9.5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access ==
871 +
872 +
873 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
874 +
875 +
876 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
877 +(((
878 +apt update && apt install dragino-fallback
879 +
880 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]]
881 +)))
882 +
883 +
884 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) =
885 +
886 +
887 +(((
888 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
889 +)))
890 +
891 +(((
892 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
893 +
894 +
895 += 11. Reference =
896 +
897 +
471 471  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
472 472  * [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]].
473 473  
901 +
474 474  
475 475  )))
476 476  
477 -= **12. Order Info** =
905 += 12. Order Info =
478 478  
479 479  
480 480  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -482,26 +482,33 @@
482 482  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band
483 483  
484 484  * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band
913 +
485 485  * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band
915 +
486 486  * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band
917 +
487 487  * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band
919 +
488 488  * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band
921 +
489 489  * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
490 490  
491 491  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option
492 492  
493 -* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
494 -* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%):  North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
495 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
496 -* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%):  Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
926 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India
497 497  
498 -More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
928 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus
499 499  
930 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
500 500  
932 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %):  Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI
501 501  
502 -= **13. Manufacturer Info** =
934 +More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
503 503  
504 504  
937 += 13. Manufacturer Info =
938 +
939 +
505 505  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
506 506  
507 507  Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai),  No.8 CaiYunRoad
... ... @@ -509,10 +509,9 @@
509 509  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
510 510  
511 511  
947 += 14. FCC Warning =
512 512  
513 -= **14. FCC Warning** =
514 514  
515 -
516 516  (((
517 517  This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
518 518  )))
fallback ip.mp4
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