Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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- fallback ip.mp4
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... ... @@ -13,27 +13,39 @@ 13 13 {{toc/}} 14 14 15 15 16 -= **1. Introduction** = 17 17 18 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 19 19 20 20 19 += 1. Introduction = 20 + 21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 == 22 + 23 + 21 21 ((( 22 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 25 +((( 26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 27 +))) 23 23 24 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 29 +((( 30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 31 +))) 25 25 26 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 33 +((( 34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 35 +))) 27 27 37 +((( 28 28 Different countries use different LoRaWAN frequency bands. LPS8v2 has these bands pre-configured. Users can also customize the frequency bands to use in their own LoRa network. 39 +))) 29 29 30 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 41 +((( 42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 43 +))) 31 31 32 32 46 +== 1.2 Specifications == 33 33 34 -== **1.2 Specifications** == 35 35 36 - 37 37 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:** 38 38 39 39 * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz ... ... @@ -45,16 +45,20 @@ 45 45 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 46 46 * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless 47 47 * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm 61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm 48 48 49 49 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:** 50 50 51 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C52 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 53 53 * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC 54 54 55 -== **1.3 Features** == 56 56 57 57 71 +== 1.3 Features == 72 + 73 + 58 58 * Open Source Debian system 59 59 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi 60 60 * Remote Management ... ... @@ -67,90 +67,128 @@ 67 67 ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder 68 68 ** LoRaWAN Basic Station 69 69 ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT) 70 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server71 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**Node-Red**//(%%)local Application server86 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server 87 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server 72 72 73 -== **1.4 Block Diagram** == 74 74 75 75 91 +== 1.4 LED Indicators == 76 76 77 -== **1.5 LED Indicators** == 78 78 79 - 80 80 LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 81 81 82 82 83 -(% style="color:blue" %) //**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered//97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered 84 84 99 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%): This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting 85 85 86 -(% style="color:blue" %) //**➢LoRaLED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED willblink GREEN when the LoRaWANmodulestartsortransmit apacket//101 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%): This RGB LED will show different colors in different states: 87 87 103 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection. 88 88 89 - (%style="color:blue"%)//**➢SYS LED**//(%%)//:ThisRGBLEDwillshowdifferentcolorsinifferentstates~://105 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together 90 90 91 - //✓BLUE:**Thedeviceis alivewithaLoRaWAN serverconnection.//107 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection. 92 92 93 - //✓**BLINKINGBLUE:**a)Devicehasinternet connection but noLoRaWAN Connection. or b)Deviceisin bootingstage,inthis stage,it will BLINKINGBLUE for several seconds and thenwith SOLID REDand BLINKING BLUEtogether//109 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status. 94 94 95 -// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.// 96 96 112 +== 1.5 Button Intruction == 97 97 98 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.// 99 99 115 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 100 100 101 101 102 -= ** 2.QuickStart** =118 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 103 103 120 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished. 104 104 122 + 123 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **the gateway will restore the factory settings. 124 + 125 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished. 126 + 127 + 128 += 2. Quick Start = 129 + 130 + 105 105 The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network. 106 106 107 107 In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network. 108 108 109 109 136 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 == 110 110 111 -== **2.1Connectstothe networkandaccessesthegatewayWeb UI**==138 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 === 112 112 113 113 114 -== ** 2.1.1connectthenetwork.**==141 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ==== 115 115 116 -=== === 117 117 118 - ===(% style="color:blue" %)**Method1**(%%): Connect via EthernetwithDHCP IP from therouter ===144 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password: 119 119 146 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino** 120 120 121 - ConnecttheLPS8-V2Ethernetport toyourrouterand LPS8canobtainan IP addressfrom your router.In therouter'smanagementportal, you should beabletofind what IPaddresstherouterhas assigned to theLPS8-V2.148 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1** 122 122 150 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]] 151 + 152 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]] 153 + 154 + 155 + 156 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ==== 157 + 158 + 159 +((( 160 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 161 +))) 162 + 163 +((( 123 123 You can also use this IP to connect. 165 +))) 124 124 125 125 [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]] 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect viaWiFi with DHCP IPfrom the router===171 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ==== 130 130 131 131 132 -[[image:image-202 20622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]174 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]] 133 133 134 134 135 - TheLPS8-V2 hasa fall-back IP addresson its WAN port. youhave to accessthe gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connectionviathefallback IPaddress.177 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 136 136 179 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 137 137 181 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 138 138 139 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 140 140 141 - 1.ConnectPC'sEthernet port toLPS8-V2'sWANport184 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)** 142 142 143 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 144 144 145 - [[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]187 +As in the below photo: 146 146 189 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]] 147 147 148 -and then On the PC, use the IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 149 149 192 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]** 150 150 151 - [[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]]194 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]** 152 152 153 153 197 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 198 + 199 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]] 200 + 201 + 202 + 203 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ==== 204 + 205 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 206 + 207 + 154 154 Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply** 155 155 156 156 ... ... @@ -164,30 +164,125 @@ 164 164 [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]] 165 165 166 166 167 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height=" 513" width="1011"]]221 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 168 168 169 169 224 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI === 170 170 171 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** == 172 172 227 +**Web Interface** 173 173 174 - ===**2.2.1 Select yourareafrequency**===229 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method) 175 175 176 176 232 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP) 233 + 234 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below. 235 + 236 +The account details for Web Login are: 237 + 238 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root** 239 + 240 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password: dragino** 241 + 242 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]] 243 + 244 + 245 +== 2.2 Typical Network Setup == 246 + 247 +=== 2.2.1 Overview === 248 + 249 + 250 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes: 251 + 252 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode** 253 + 254 +* **WiFi Client Mode** 255 + 256 +* **Cellular Mode** 257 + 258 +=== 2.2.2 Use WAN port to access Internet === 259 + 260 + 261 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%): 262 + 263 + 264 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]] 265 + 266 + 267 +=== 2.2.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client === 268 + 269 + 270 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. 271 + 272 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi** 273 + 274 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]] 275 + 276 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect. 277 + 278 + 279 +=== 2.2.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access === 280 + 281 + 282 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4** 283 + 284 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem. 285 + 286 + 287 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up. 288 + 289 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction 290 + 291 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card. 292 + 293 + 294 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]] 295 + 296 + 297 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular** 298 + 299 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 300 + 301 + 302 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]] 303 + 304 + 305 +=== 2.2.5 Check Internet connection === 306 + 307 + 308 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection. 309 + 310 +* GREEN Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection. 311 +* Yellow Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection. 312 +* RED Cross [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet. 313 + 314 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]] 315 + 316 + 317 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network == 318 + 319 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency === 320 + 321 + 322 +((( 177 177 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 178 178 179 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]] 325 + 326 +))) 180 180 328 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 181 181 182 182 183 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI**===331 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI === 184 184 185 185 186 186 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 187 187 188 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]] 189 189 337 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]] 190 190 339 + 191 191 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 192 192 193 193 ... ... @@ -203,10 +203,9 @@ 203 203 [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]] 204 204 205 205 355 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network === 206 206 207 -== 2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network == 208 208 209 - 210 210 **Login to The Things Network** 211 211 212 212 [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] ... ... @@ -220,191 +220,545 @@ 220 220 **Get it online** 221 221 222 222 371 += 3. Web Configure Pages = 223 223 224 -= **3.Web ConfigurePages**=373 +== 3.1 Home == 225 225 226 226 227 - ==**3.1Home**==376 +Shows the system running status: 228 228 378 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 229 229 230 -//Shows the system running status~:// 231 231 381 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings == 232 232 233 -== **3.2 LoRaSettings**==383 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa === 234 234 235 235 236 - ===**3.2.1LoRa~-~->LoRa**===386 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well. 237 237 388 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges: 238 238 239 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.// 390 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865. 391 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920 240 240 241 -//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~:// 393 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 394 +After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log** 242 242 243 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.// 244 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 245 245 246 246 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 247 -//After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**// 248 - 249 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 250 250 [[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]] 251 251 252 252 253 253 ((( 254 -(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>> url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__//**402 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//** 255 255 ))) 256 256 257 257 406 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings == 258 258 259 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings**==408 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP === 260 260 261 261 262 - ===**3.3.1LoRaWAN~-~->LoRaWANSemtechUDP**===411 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc. 263 263 264 264 265 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 266 - 267 267 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 268 268 269 269 417 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station === 270 270 271 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** === 272 272 420 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc. 273 273 274 -//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.// 275 275 276 276 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 277 277 278 278 279 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__ 426 +((( 427 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__ 428 +))) 280 280 281 281 431 +== 3.4 Network Settings == 282 282 283 -== **3.4Settings**==433 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi === 284 284 435 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface 285 285 286 - === **3.4.1Network~-~-> WiFi**===437 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]] 287 287 288 288 289 - [[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251"width="669"]]440 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status === 290 290 291 291 443 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 292 292 293 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 294 294 446 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network === 295 295 296 -[[image:image-20220616115229-5.png||height="548" width="665"]] 297 297 449 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address. 298 298 451 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]] 299 299 300 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** === 301 301 454 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular === 302 302 303 -[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]] 304 304 457 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar. 305 305 459 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.** 306 306 307 - == **3.5 System** ==461 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]] 308 308 309 309 310 - ===**3.5.1System~-~->SystemOverview**===464 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state. 311 311 466 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]] 312 312 468 + 469 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716 470 + 471 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]] 472 + 473 + 474 +== 3.5 System == 475 + 476 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 477 + 478 + 313 313 Shows the system info: 314 314 481 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 315 315 316 316 317 -=== **3.5.2Backup/Restore**===484 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General === 318 318 319 319 320 - [[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194"width="649"]]487 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone. 321 321 489 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address. 322 322 491 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]] 323 323 324 -= **4. Build-in LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** = 325 325 494 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore === 326 326 327 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the Built-in LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).** 328 328 329 - You can access thegateway's built-inLNS server of **TheThings Network - Stack **via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow"%)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.497 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 330 330 331 331 500 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit === 501 + 502 + 503 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it. 504 + 505 + 506 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]** 507 + 508 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]] 509 + 510 + 511 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management === 512 + 513 + 514 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages. 515 + 516 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]] 517 + 518 + 519 += 4. Build-in Server = 520 + 521 + 522 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%). 523 + 524 +[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]] 525 + 526 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]] 527 + 528 + 529 + 530 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 531 + 532 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server 533 + 534 + Server ~-~-> Application Server 535 + 536 + 537 +**Troubleshooting:** 538 + 539 + 540 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 541 + 542 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it. 543 + 544 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it. 545 + 546 + 547 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- ChirpStack == 548 + 549 + 550 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 551 + 332 332 Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 333 333 334 334 335 335 Login account: 336 336 337 -**User ID: ****(% style="background-color:yellow" %)admin(%%)**557 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin** 338 338 339 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color: yellow" %)dragino(%%)**559 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)** 340 340 561 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]] 341 341 342 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 343 343 344 344 345 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 346 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 565 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack === 347 347 348 348 568 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply" 569 + 570 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]] 571 + 572 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]] 573 + 574 + 575 + 576 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red == 577 + 578 + 579 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 580 + 581 + 582 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 583 + 584 + 585 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 586 + 587 + 588 + 589 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** === 590 + 591 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 592 + 593 + 594 +the users can refer to this link to install them. 595 + 596 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]] 597 + 598 + 599 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** === 600 + 601 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old. 602 + 603 + 604 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them. 605 + 606 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]] 607 + 608 + 609 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server == 610 + 611 + 612 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service: 613 + 349 349 (% class="box infomessage" %) 350 350 ((( 351 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/ttnstack/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh 616 +**# start** 617 +systemctl start ttnstack 352 352 353 -(% style="background-color:#fcf8e3" %)chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh ttn-stack 619 +**# stop** 620 +systemctl stop ttnstack 621 + 622 +**# enable** 623 +systemctl enable ttnstack 624 + 625 +**#disable** 626 +systemctl disable ttnstack 354 354 ))) 355 355 629 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service: 356 356 631 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 632 +((( 633 +**# start** 634 +systemctl start nodered 357 357 358 -= **5. Build-in Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** = 636 +**# stop** 637 +systemctl stop nodered 359 359 639 +**# enable** 640 +systemctl enable nodered 360 360 361 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red.** 642 +**#disable** 643 +systemctl disable nodered 644 +))) 362 362 363 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 364 364 647 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 == 365 365 366 -Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or [[http:~~/~~/<Local-IPV4-Address~>>>http://<Local-IPV4-Address>]]//**__ 367 367 650 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack: 368 368 369 -[[im age:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610"width="843"]]652 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]** 370 370 371 371 372 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 373 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 655 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand === 374 374 375 375 658 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first. 376 376 660 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2. 661 + 662 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]] 663 + 664 + 665 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**. 666 + 667 + 668 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2. 669 + 670 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]] 671 + 672 + 673 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge = 674 + 675 + 676 + 677 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB = 678 + 679 + 680 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2 Connection:** 681 + 682 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND 683 + 377 377 (% class="box infomessage" %) 378 378 ((( 379 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/nodered/autoinstall_nodered.sh 380 -chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh node-red 686 +**TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 687 + 688 +**RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** 689 + 690 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 381 381 ))) 382 382 383 - [[image:image-20220728102000-1.png]]693 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 384 384 695 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]] 385 385 697 +In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 386 386 387 -(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**10. Supports** 388 388 700 +[[image:image-20220804164928-3.png||height="320" width="332"]] 389 389 702 + 703 +[[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 704 + 705 + 706 += 7. OTA System Update = 707 + 708 + 709 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature. 710 + 711 + 712 +== 7.1 Auto-update method == 713 + 714 + 715 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function. 716 + 717 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight. 718 + 719 + 720 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page 721 + 722 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]] 723 + 724 + 725 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method == 726 + 727 + 728 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system 729 + 730 + 731 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 390 390 ((( 391 -** //If youare experiencingissues andcan'tsolvethem,you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**733 +**apt update && apt install *dragino*** 392 392 ))) 393 393 736 + 737 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update" 738 + 739 + 740 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins. ** 741 + 742 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]] 743 + 744 + 745 + 746 += 8. FAQ = 747 + 748 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname == 749 + 750 + 751 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command: 752 + 753 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 394 394 ((( 395 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//** 755 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456 756 +))) 396 396 758 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]] 397 397 760 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway. 398 398 399 -= **11 Reference** = 400 400 763 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack == 401 401 765 + 766 +Migrate guide: 767 + 768 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.** 769 + 770 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"** 771 + 772 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]] 773 + 774 + 775 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"** 776 + 777 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]] 778 + 779 + 780 +**4. Strat Install ** 781 + 782 + 783 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds 784 + 785 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]] 786 + 787 + 788 +**5.Migration complete check result** 789 + 790 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]] 791 + 792 + 793 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]] 794 + 795 + 796 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed == 797 + 798 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume. 799 + 800 + 801 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]] 802 + 803 + 804 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval 805 + 806 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]] 807 + 808 +3. Disable the auto-update: 809 + 810 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]] 811 + 812 + 813 + 814 + 815 += 9. Trouble Shooting = 816 + 817 +== 9.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 818 + 819 + 820 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 821 + 822 + 823 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL. 824 + 825 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses. 826 + 827 + 828 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address. 829 + 830 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.** 831 + 832 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 833 + 834 + 835 +== 9.2 The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem == 836 + 837 + 838 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed. 839 + 840 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]] 841 + 842 + 843 +== 9.3 Fallback IP does not work, how can users check == 844 + 845 + 846 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP. 847 + 848 + 849 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct** 850 + 851 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254. 852 + 853 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure. 854 + 855 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]] 856 + 857 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]] 858 + 859 + 860 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled** 861 + 862 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway. 863 + 864 + 865 +== 9.4 Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? == 866 + 867 + 868 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log. 869 + 870 + 871 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]] 872 + 873 + 874 +== 9.5 Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access == 875 + 876 + 877 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update. 878 + 879 + 880 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 881 +((( 882 +apt update && apt install dragino-fallback 883 + 884 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] 885 +))) 886 + 887 + 888 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) = 889 + 890 + 891 +((( 892 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]. 893 +))) 894 + 895 +((( 896 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest. 897 + 898 + 899 += 11. Reference = 900 + 901 + 402 402 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. 903 +* [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]]. 403 403 905 + 404 404 405 405 ))) 406 406 407 -= **12. Order Info**=909 += 12. Order Info = 408 408 409 409 410 410 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** ... ... @@ -412,27 +412,33 @@ 412 412 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band 413 413 414 414 * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 917 + 415 415 * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 919 + 416 416 * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 921 + 417 417 * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 923 + 418 418 * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 925 + 419 419 * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 420 420 421 - 422 422 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 423 423 424 -* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. 425 -* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile. 426 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 427 -* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI 930 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India 428 428 429 - Moreinfoaboutvalid bands, pleasesee [[EC25-Eproductpage>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].932 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus 430 430 934 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 431 431 936 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI 432 432 433 - =**13.ManufacturerInfo** =938 +More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]]. 434 434 435 435 941 += 13. Manufacturer Info = 942 + 943 + 436 436 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** 437 437 438 438 Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai), No.8 CaiYunRoad ... ... @@ -440,23 +440,38 @@ 440 440 LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China 441 441 442 442 951 += 14. FCC Warning = 443 443 444 -= **14. FCC Warning** = 445 445 446 - 954 +((( 447 447 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 956 +))) 448 448 958 +((( 449 449 ~-~- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 960 +))) 450 450 962 +((( 451 451 ~-~- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 964 +))) 452 452 966 +((( 453 453 ~-~- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 968 +))) 454 454 970 +((( 455 455 ~-~- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 972 +))) 456 456 457 457 975 +((( 458 458 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 977 +))) 459 459 460 460 980 +((( 461 461 The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 982 + 983 + 462 462 ))) 985 +)))
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