Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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... ... @@ -13,21 +13,35 @@ 13 13 {{toc/}} 14 14 15 15 16 + 17 + 18 + 16 16 = **1. Introduction** = 17 17 21 + 18 18 == **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 19 19 20 20 21 21 ((( 26 +((( 22 22 The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 28 +))) 23 23 30 +((( 24 24 The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 32 +))) 25 25 34 +((( 26 26 LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 36 +))) 27 27 38 +((( 28 28 Different countries use different LoRaWAN frequency bands. LPS8v2 has these bands pre-configured. Users can also customize the frequency bands to use in their own LoRa network. 40 +))) 29 29 42 +((( 30 30 LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 44 +))) 31 31 32 32 33 33 ... ... @@ -82,23 +82,37 @@ 82 82 83 83 (% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered// 84 84 99 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting// 85 85 86 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ LoRaLED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED willblink GREEN when the LoRaWANmodulestartsortransmit apacket//101 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~:// 87 87 103 +// ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.// 88 88 89 - (%style="color:blue"%)//**➢SYS LED**//(%%)//:ThisRGBLEDwillshowdifferentcolorsinifferentstates~://105 +// ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together// 90 90 91 -// ✓ BLUE:**Thedeviceis alivewithaLoRaWAN serverconnection.//107 +// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.// 92 92 93 - //✓**BLINKINGBLUE:**a)Devicehasinternet connection but noLoRaWAN Connection. or b)Deviceisin bootingstage,inthis stage,it will BLINKINGBLUE for several seconds and thenwith SOLID REDand BLINKING BLUEtogether//109 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ WIFI LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.// 94 94 95 -// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.// 96 96 97 97 98 - (% style="color:blue"%)//**➢ETH LED**//(%%)//: This LED showsthe ETH interface connectionstatus.//113 +== **1.6 Button Intruction** == 99 99 100 100 116 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 101 101 118 + 119 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 120 + 121 + // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.// 122 + 123 + 124 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ **//**Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **//the gateway will restore the factory settings.// 125 + 126 + //**LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.// 127 + 128 + 129 + 102 102 = **2. Quick Start** = 103 103 104 104 ... ... @@ -113,14 +113,17 @@ 113 113 114 114 == **2.1.1 connect the network.** == 115 115 116 -=== === 117 117 118 118 === (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router === 119 119 120 120 148 +((( 121 121 Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 150 +))) 122 122 152 +((( 123 123 You can also use this IP to connect. 154 +))) 124 124 125 125 [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]] 126 126 ... ... @@ -132,25 +132,6 @@ 132 132 [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 133 133 134 134 135 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address. 136 - 137 - 138 - 139 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 140 - 141 -1. Connect PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 142 - 143 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 144 - 145 -[[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]] 146 - 147 - 148 -and then On the PC, use the IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 149 - 150 - 151 -[[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]] 152 - 153 - 154 154 Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply** 155 155 156 156 ... ... @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ 164 164 [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]] 165 165 166 166 167 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height=" 513" width="1011"]]179 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 168 168 169 169 170 170 ... ... @@ -174,20 +174,25 @@ 174 174 === **2.2.1 Select your area frequency** === 175 175 176 176 189 +((( 177 177 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 178 178 179 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]] 192 + 193 +))) 180 180 195 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 181 181 182 182 198 + 183 183 === **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** === 184 184 185 185 186 186 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 187 187 188 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]] 189 189 205 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]] 190 190 207 + 191 191 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 192 192 193 193 ... ... @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 -== 2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network == 224 +== **2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network** == 208 208 209 209 210 210 **Login to The Things Network** ... ... @@ -229,7 +229,10 @@ 229 229 230 230 //Shows the system running status~:// 231 231 249 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 232 232 251 + 252 + 233 233 == **3.2 LoRa Settings** == 234 234 235 235 ... ... @@ -240,18 +240,19 @@ 240 240 241 241 //Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~:// 242 242 243 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.// 263 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.// 244 244 * (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 245 245 246 246 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 247 247 //After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**// 248 248 269 + 249 249 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 250 250 [[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]] 251 251 252 252 253 253 ((( 254 -(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>> url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__//**275 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//** 255 255 ))) 256 256 257 257 ... ... @@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ 264 264 265 265 //This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 266 266 288 + 267 267 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 268 268 269 269 ... ... @@ -273,10 +273,13 @@ 273 273 274 274 //This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.// 275 275 298 + 276 276 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 277 277 278 278 279 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__ 302 +((( 303 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__ 304 +))) 280 280 281 281 282 282 ... ... @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ 293 293 === **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 294 294 295 295 296 -[[image:image-20220 616115229-5.png||height="548" width="665"]]321 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 297 297 298 298 299 299 ... ... @@ -312,23 +312,47 @@ 312 312 313 313 Shows the system info: 314 314 340 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 315 315 316 316 343 + 317 317 === **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** === 318 318 319 319 320 -[[image:image-20220 616115808-7.png||height="194" width="649"]]347 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 -= **4. Build-in LoRaWAN NetworkServer~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** =351 += **4. Build-in Server** = 325 325 326 326 327 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the Built-in LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).**354 +The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red, and**(%%) LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).** 328 328 329 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of **The Things Network - Stack **via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 330 330 357 +[[image:image-20220820115644-1.png||height="217" width="778"]] 331 331 359 + 360 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 361 + 362 + **Path**: System ~-~-> Built-in Server 363 + 364 + 365 +**Troubleshooting:** 366 + 367 + 368 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 369 + 370 + For the ttn-stack, you can click the update the URL which will update the configuration where change the hostname to the current local IP address as the URL. 371 + 372 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is 1880 to access it. 373 + 374 + 375 + 376 +== **4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** == 377 + 378 + 379 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 380 + 332 332 Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 333 333 334 334 ... ... @@ -342,52 +342,189 @@ 342 342 [[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 343 343 344 344 345 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 346 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 347 347 395 +== **4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** == 348 348 397 + 398 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 399 + 400 + 401 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 402 + 403 + 404 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 405 + 406 + 407 + 408 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana,** === 409 + 410 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 411 + 412 + 413 +the users can refer to this link to install them. 414 + 415 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]] 416 + 417 + 418 += **5. How users can access LPS8v2 using serial USB** = 419 + 420 + 421 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8v2 Connection:** 422 + 423 + 424 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8v2 is GND 425 + 349 349 (% class="box infomessage" %) 350 350 ((( 351 - (%class="mark"%)cd/tmp&& wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/ttnstack/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh428 +**TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 352 352 353 -(% style="background-color:#fcf8e3" %)chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh ttn-stack 430 +**RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** 431 + 432 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 354 354 ))) 355 355 356 356 436 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 357 357 358 - = **5. Build-in Application Server ~-~-Node-Red**=438 +[[image:image-20220804163015-1.png||height="621" width="466"]] 359 359 360 360 361 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red.** 362 362 363 - You canaccessthegateway'sbuilt-inASserverof **Node-Red**via theURL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080orhttp:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%))inyourbrowser.442 +In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 364 364 365 365 366 - Suchas (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080or [[http:~~/~~/<Local-IPV4-Address~>>>http://<Local-IPV4-Address>]]//**__445 +[[image:image-20220804164928-3.png||height="320" width="332"]] 367 367 368 368 369 -[[image:image-20220 725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]]448 +[[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 370 370 371 371 372 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 373 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 374 374 452 += **6. Use the helium gateway-rs as the Data-only Hotspot** = 375 375 376 376 455 +== **Step 1: Configure Frequency Band** == 456 + 457 + 458 +//Each country has a requirement for frequency region. Choose the right one for your area.// 459 + 460 +[[image:image-20220905164308-1.png]] 461 + 462 + 463 + 464 +== **Step 2: Configure the forward address** == 465 + 466 + 467 +**Select one of the servers to configure.** 468 + 469 +**For example:** 470 + 471 +[[image:image-20220905164847-2.png]] 472 + 473 + 474 + 475 +== **Step 3: Download and Install the Helium-gateway-rs** == 476 + 477 + 478 +**Access the gateway CLI via SSH.** 479 + 480 +[[image:image-20220905165222-3.png]] 481 + 482 + 483 +**Download gateway-rs.** 484 + 485 +[[image:image-20220905165715-5.png]] 486 + 377 377 (% class="box infomessage" %) 378 378 ((( 379 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/nodered/autoinstall_nodered.sh 380 -chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh node-red 489 +**Command: wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb]]** 381 381 ))) 382 382 383 -[[image:image-20220728102000-1.png]] 384 384 493 +**Install gateway-rs.** 385 385 495 +[[image:image-20220905165917-7.png]] 386 386 387 -(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**10. Supports** 497 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 498 +((( 499 +**Command: dpkg -i helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb ** 500 +))) 388 388 389 389 503 +**Modify configuration.** 504 + 505 + 506 +[[image:image-20220905173847-12.png]] 507 + 508 + 509 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 390 390 ((( 511 +**region=<Enter regional parameters> \ 512 +&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml && sed -i "1 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml \ 513 +&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml && sed -i "22 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml** 514 +))) 515 + 516 + 517 +**Restart the helium_gateway** 518 + 519 +[[image:image-20220905170920-9.png]] 520 + 521 + 522 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 523 +((( 524 +**systemctl restart helium_gateway** 525 +))) 526 + 527 + 528 +**Check the helium_gateway Log:** 529 + 530 +[[image:image-20220905173952-13.png]] 531 + 532 + 533 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 534 +((( 535 +**journalctl -u helium_gateway -f** 536 +))) 537 + 538 + 539 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: if your device is not finished the onboarding, which is unable to connect to the Helium console.** 540 + 541 +where the helium gateway log is shown: 542 + 543 +[[image:image-20220905174534-14.png]] 544 + 545 + 546 +So you have to finish the onboarding, ~-~--Please refer to [[Step 2.7>>doc:Main.Notes for Helium.WebHome||anchor="H2.7A0Step6:OnboardingData-OnlyHotspot"]] to onboarding your LPS8-V2. 547 + 548 + 549 + 550 += **7. Trouble Shooting** = 551 + 552 + 553 +== 7.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 554 + 555 + 556 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 557 + 558 + 559 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL. 560 + 561 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses. 562 + 563 + 564 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address. 565 + 566 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.** 567 + 568 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 569 + 570 + 571 + 572 + 573 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**8. Supports**(%%) = 574 + 575 + 576 +((( 391 391 **//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//** 392 392 ))) 393 393 ... ... @@ -396,15 +396,16 @@ 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 -= ** 11Reference** =585 += **9. Reference** = 400 400 401 401 402 402 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. 589 +* [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]]. 403 403 404 404 405 405 ))) 406 406 407 -= **1 2. Order Info** =594 += **10. Order Info** = 408 408 409 409 410 410 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** ... ... @@ -418,7 +418,6 @@ 418 418 * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 419 419 * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 420 420 421 - 422 422 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 423 423 424 424 * (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. ... ... @@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 -= **1 3. Manufacturer Info** =619 += **10. Manufacturer Info** = 434 434 435 435 436 436 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** ... ... @@ -441,22 +441,38 @@ 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 -= **1 4. FCC Warning** =630 += **11. FCC Warning** = 445 445 446 446 633 +((( 447 447 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 635 +))) 448 448 637 +((( 449 449 ~-~- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 639 +))) 450 450 641 +((( 451 451 ~-~- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 643 +))) 452 452 645 +((( 453 453 ~-~- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 647 +))) 454 454 649 +((( 455 455 ~-~- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 651 +))) 456 456 457 457 654 +((( 458 458 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 656 +))) 459 459 460 460 659 +((( 461 461 The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 661 + 662 + 462 462 ))) 664 +)))
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