Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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- fallback ip.mp4
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... ... @@ -13,27 +13,39 @@ 13 13 {{toc/}} 14 14 15 15 16 -= **1. Introduction** = 17 17 18 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 19 19 20 20 19 += 1. Introduction = 20 + 21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 == 22 + 23 + 21 21 ((( 22 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 25 +((( 26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 27 +))) 23 23 24 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 29 +((( 30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 31 +))) 25 25 26 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 33 +((( 34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 35 +))) 27 27 37 +((( 28 28 Different countries use different LoRaWAN frequency bands. LPS8v2 has these bands pre-configured. Users can also customize the frequency bands to use in their own LoRa network. 39 +))) 29 29 30 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 41 +((( 42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 43 +))) 31 31 32 32 46 +== 1.2 Specifications == 33 33 34 -== **1.2 Specifications** == 35 35 36 - 37 37 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:** 38 38 39 39 * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz ... ... @@ -45,17 +45,18 @@ 45 45 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 46 46 * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless 47 47 * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm 61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm 48 48 49 49 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:** 50 50 51 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C52 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 53 53 * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC 54 54 69 +== 1.3 Features == 55 55 56 -== **1.3 Features** == 57 57 58 - 59 59 * Open Source Debian system 60 60 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi 61 61 * Remote Management ... ... @@ -68,122 +68,261 @@ 68 68 ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder 69 69 ** LoRaWAN Basic Station 70 70 ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT) 71 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server72 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**Node-Red**//(%%)local Application server84 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server 85 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server 73 73 87 +== 1.4 LED Indicators == 74 74 75 75 76 - ==**1.4BlockDiagram** ==90 +LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 77 77 78 78 93 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered 79 79 80 -= =**1.5LEDIndicators**==95 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%): This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting 81 81 97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%): This RGB LED will show different colors in different states: 82 82 83 - LPS8-V2hastotallyfourLEDs,Theyare:99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection. 84 84 101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together 85 85 86 - (%style="color:blue"%)//**➢PowerLED**//(%%)//:ThisREDLEDwill besolid if the deviceisproperlypowered//103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection. 87 87 105 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status. 88 88 89 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ LoRa LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet// 90 90 108 +== 1.5 Button Intruction == 91 91 92 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~:// 93 93 94 - // ✓ **SOLIDBLUE:** The device is alivewithaLoRaWAN serverconnection.//111 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 95 95 96 -// ✓ **BLINKING BLUE:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING BLUE for several seconds and then with SOLID RED and BLINKING BLUE together// 97 97 98 -// ✓** SOLID RED:**Devicedoesn'thave anrnetconnection.//114 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 99 99 116 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished. 100 100 101 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.// 102 102 119 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **the gateway will restore the factory settings. 103 103 121 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished. 104 104 105 -= **2. Quick Start** = 106 106 124 += 2. Quick Start = 125 + 126 + 107 107 The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network. 108 108 109 109 In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network. 110 110 111 111 112 -== **2.1Connectsto the networkandaccesses thegatewayWebUI**==132 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 == 113 113 134 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 === 114 114 115 -== **2.1.1 connect the network.** == 116 116 117 -=== === 137 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ==== 118 118 119 -=== **Method 1**: Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router === 120 120 121 - ConnecttheLPS8-V2EthernetporttoyourrouterandLPS8can obtainan IP address from your router.Intheouter'smanagementportal, you shouldbe abletofind what IP address the router has assigned to theLPS8-V2.140 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password: 122 122 142 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino** 143 + 144 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1** 145 + 146 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]] 147 + 148 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]] 149 + 150 + 151 + 152 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ==== 153 + 154 + 155 +((( 156 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 157 +))) 158 + 159 +((( 123 123 You can also use this IP to connect. 161 +))) 124 124 125 125 [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]] 126 126 127 127 128 -=== **Method 2**: Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router === 129 129 167 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ==== 130 130 131 -[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 132 132 170 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]] 133 133 134 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address. 135 135 173 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 136 136 137 - **Steps to connectviafallbackIP:**175 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 138 138 139 - ~1. ConnectPC’s Ethernet porttoLPS8-V2'sWANport177 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 140 140 141 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 142 142 143 - [[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]180 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)** 144 144 145 145 146 - andthenOnthePC, usethe IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** toaccessthe LPS8-V2 via Webor Console.183 +As in the below photo: 147 147 185 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]] 148 148 149 -[[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]] 150 150 188 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]** 151 151 152 - Fillin theWiFiinformationbycheckingtheboxandclicking **Save&Apply**190 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]** 153 153 154 154 193 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 194 + 195 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]] 196 + 197 + 198 + 199 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ==== 200 + 201 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 202 + 203 + 204 +Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply** 205 + 206 + 155 155 [[image:image-20220622102702-6.png]] 156 156 157 157 210 + 158 158 **Wi-Fi configuration successful** 159 159 160 160 161 161 [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]] 162 162 163 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="513" width="1011"]] 164 164 217 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 165 165 166 166 220 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI === 167 167 168 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** == 169 169 223 +**Web Interface** 170 170 171 - ===**2.2.1 Select yourareafrequency**===225 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method) 172 172 227 + 228 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP) 229 + 230 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below. 231 + 232 +The account details for Web Login are: 233 + 234 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root** 235 + 236 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password: dragino** 237 + 238 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]] 239 + 240 + 241 +== 2.2 Typical Network Setup == 242 + 243 +=== 2.2.1 Overview === 244 + 245 + 246 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes: 247 + 248 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode** 249 + 250 +* **WiFi Client Mode** 251 + 252 +* **Cellular Mode** 253 + 254 +=== 2.2.2 Use WAN port to access Internet === 255 + 256 + 257 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%): 258 + 259 + 260 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]] 261 + 262 + 263 +=== 2.2.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client === 264 + 265 + 266 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. 267 + 268 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi** 269 + 270 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]] 271 + 272 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect. 273 + 274 + 275 +=== 2.2.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access === 276 + 277 + 278 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4** 279 + 280 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem. 281 + 282 + 283 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up. 284 + 285 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction 286 + 287 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card. 288 + 289 + 290 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]] 291 + 292 + 293 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular** 294 + 295 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 296 + 297 + 298 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]] 299 + 300 + 301 +=== 2.2.5 Check Internet connection === 302 + 303 + 304 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection. 305 + 306 +* GREEN Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection. 307 +* Yellow Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection. 308 +* RED Cross [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet. 309 + 310 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]] 311 + 312 + 313 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network == 314 + 315 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency === 316 + 317 + 318 +((( 173 173 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 174 174 175 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]] 321 + 322 +))) 176 176 324 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 177 177 178 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** === 179 179 327 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI === 328 + 329 + 180 180 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 181 181 182 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]] 183 183 333 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]] 184 184 185 -**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 186 186 336 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 337 + 338 + 187 187 **➢ Europe 1:** corresponding Gateway server address: **eu1.cloud.thethings.network** 188 188 189 189 **➢ North America 1:** corresponding Gateway server address: **nam1.cloud.thethings.network** ... ... @@ -196,13 +196,14 @@ 196 196 [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]] 197 197 198 198 351 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network === 199 199 200 -== 2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network == 201 201 202 202 **Login to The Things Network** 203 203 204 204 [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] 205 205 358 + 206 206 **Add the gateway** 207 207 208 208 [[image:image-20220622104252-13.png||height="511" width="953"]] ... ... @@ -211,198 +211,579 @@ 211 211 **Get it online** 212 212 213 213 214 -= **3. Web Configure Pages**=367 += 3. Web Configure Pages = 215 215 369 +== 3.1 Home == 216 216 217 -== **3.1 Home** == 218 218 219 - //Shows the system running status~://372 +Shows the system running status: 220 220 221 - == **3.2LoRaSettings**==374 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 222 222 223 223 224 -== =**3.2.1LoRa~-~->LoRa**===377 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings == 225 225 379 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa === 226 226 227 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.// 228 228 229 - //Different LPS8v2hardwareversionscansupportdifferent frequencyranges~://382 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well. 230 230 231 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.// 232 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 384 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges: 233 233 386 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865. 387 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920 388 + 234 234 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 235 - //After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page **LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**//390 +After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log** 236 236 392 + 237 237 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 238 238 [[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]] 239 239 240 240 241 -//**Note ***: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band~:// 397 +((( 398 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//** 399 +))) 242 242 243 -//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__// 244 244 402 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings == 245 245 246 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings**==404 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP === 247 247 248 248 249 - ===**3.3.1LoRaWAN~-~->LoRaWANSemtechUDP**===407 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc. 250 250 251 251 252 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 253 - 254 254 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 255 255 256 256 257 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station**===413 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station === 258 258 259 259 260 - //This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.//416 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc. 261 261 418 + 262 262 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 263 263 264 264 265 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__ 422 +((( 423 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__ 424 +))) 266 266 267 267 268 -== **3.4 Network Settings**==427 +== 3.4 Network Settings == 269 269 429 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi === 270 270 271 - ===**3.4.1Network~-~->WiFi**===431 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface 272 272 433 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]] 273 273 274 -[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]] 275 275 436 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status === 276 276 277 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 278 278 439 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 279 279 280 -[[image:image-20220616115229-5.png||height="548" width="665"]] 281 281 442 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network === 282 282 283 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** === 284 284 445 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address. 285 285 286 -[[image:image-202206 16115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]]447 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]] 287 287 288 288 289 -== **3.5 System**==450 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular === 290 290 291 291 292 - ===**3.5.1 System~-~->SystemOverview**===453 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar. 293 293 455 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.** 294 294 457 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]] 458 + 459 + 460 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state. 461 + 462 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]] 463 + 464 + 465 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716 466 + 467 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]] 468 + 469 + 470 +== 3.5 System == 471 + 472 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 473 + 474 + 295 295 Shows the system info: 296 296 477 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 297 297 298 -=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** === 299 299 480 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General === 300 300 301 -[[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194" width="649"]] 302 302 483 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone. 303 303 485 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address. 304 304 305 - = **4. Build-in LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network-Stack (TTN-V3)** =487 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]] 306 306 307 307 308 - Thedefaultfactoryversion of LPS8-V2 is installedwith the Built-in LoRaWAN Server: **The Things Network-Stack(Open Source3.19 Version).**490 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore === 309 309 310 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of **The Things Network - Stack **via the URL((% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 311 311 493 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 312 312 313 -Such as (% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 314 314 496 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit === 315 315 498 + 499 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it. 500 + 501 + 502 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]** 503 + 504 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]] 505 + 506 + 507 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management === 508 + 509 + 510 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages. 511 + 512 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]] 513 + 514 + 515 += 4. Build-in Server = 516 + 517 + 518 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%). 519 + 520 +[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]] 521 + 522 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]] 523 + 524 + 525 + 526 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 527 + 528 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server 529 + 530 + Server ~-~-> Application Server 531 + 532 + 533 +**Troubleshooting:** 534 + 535 + 536 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 537 + 538 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it. 539 + 540 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it. 541 + 542 + 543 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- ChirpStack == 544 + 545 + 546 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 547 + 548 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 549 + 550 + 316 316 Login account: 317 317 318 -**User ID: **class="mark" %)admin553 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin** 319 319 320 -**Password: ** (% class="mark" %)dragino555 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)** 321 321 557 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]] 322 322 323 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 324 324 325 -**Note: (% class="mark" %)A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 326 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.(%%)** 327 327 561 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack === 328 328 563 + 564 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply" 565 + 566 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]] 567 + 568 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]] 569 + 570 + 571 + 572 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red == 573 + 574 + 575 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 576 + 577 + 578 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 579 + 580 + 581 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 582 + 583 + 584 + 585 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** === 586 + 587 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 588 + 589 + 590 +the users can refer to this link to install them. 591 + 592 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]] 593 + 594 + 595 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** === 596 + 597 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old. 598 + 599 + 600 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them. 601 + 602 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]] 603 + 604 + 605 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server == 606 + 607 + 608 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service: 609 + 329 329 (% class="box infomessage" %) 330 330 ((( 331 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/ttnstack/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh 612 +**# start** 613 +systemctl start ttnstack 332 332 333 -(% style="background-color:#fcf8e3" %)chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh ttn-stack 615 +**# stop** 616 +systemctl stop ttnstack 617 + 618 +**# enable** 619 +systemctl enable ttnstack 620 + 621 +**#disable** 622 +systemctl disable ttnstack 334 334 ))) 335 335 625 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service: 336 336 337 -= **5. Build-in Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** = 627 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 628 +((( 629 +**# start** 630 +systemctl start nodered 338 338 632 +**# stop** 633 +systemctl stop nodered 339 339 340 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: **Node-Red.** 635 +**# enable** 636 +systemctl enable nodered 341 341 342 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 638 +**#disable** 639 +systemctl disable nodered 640 +))) 343 343 344 344 345 - Suchas(%class="mark"%)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080orhttp:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__643 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 == 346 346 347 -[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 348 348 646 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack: 349 349 648 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]** 350 350 351 -**Note: (% class="mark" %)A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 352 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.(%%)** 353 353 651 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand === 354 354 653 + 654 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first. 655 + 656 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2. 657 + 658 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]] 659 + 660 + 661 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**. 662 + 663 + 664 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2. 665 + 666 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]] 667 + 668 + 669 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge = 670 + 671 + 672 + 673 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB = 674 + 675 + 676 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2 Connection:** 677 + 678 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND 679 + 355 355 (% class="box infomessage" %) 356 356 ((( 357 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/nodered/autoinstall_nodered.sh 358 -chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh node-red 682 +**TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 683 + 684 +**RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** 685 + 686 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 359 359 ))) 360 360 361 - [[image:image-20220728102000-1.png]]689 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 362 362 691 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]] 363 363 364 - (%style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit;font-size:29px" %)**10. Supports**693 +In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 365 365 695 + 696 +[[image:image-20220804164928-3.png||height="320" width="332"]] 697 + 698 + 699 +[[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 700 + 701 + 702 += 7. OTA System Update = 703 + 704 + 705 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature. 706 + 707 + 708 +== 7.1 Auto-update method == 709 + 710 + 711 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function. 712 + 713 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight. 714 + 715 + 716 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page 717 + 718 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]] 719 + 720 + 721 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method == 722 + 723 + 724 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system 725 + 726 + 727 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 366 366 ((( 367 -** //If youare experiencingissues andcan'tsolvethem,you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**729 +**apt update && apt install *dragino*** 368 368 ))) 369 369 732 + 733 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update" 734 + 735 + 736 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins. ** 737 + 738 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]] 739 + 740 + 741 + 742 += 8. FAQ = 743 + 744 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname == 745 + 746 + 747 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command: 748 + 749 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 370 370 ((( 371 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//** 751 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456 752 +))) 372 372 754 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]] 373 373 374 - = **11 Reference**=756 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway. 375 375 758 + 759 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack == 760 + 761 + 762 +Migrate guide: 763 + 764 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.** 765 + 766 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"** 767 + 768 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]] 769 + 770 + 771 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"** 772 + 773 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]] 774 + 775 + 776 +**4. Strat Install ** 777 + 778 + 779 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds 780 + 781 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]] 782 + 783 + 784 +**5.Migration complete check result** 785 + 786 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]] 787 + 788 + 789 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]] 790 + 791 + 792 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed == 793 + 794 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume. 795 + 796 + 797 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]] 798 + 799 + 800 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval 801 + 802 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]] 803 + 804 +3. Disable the auto-update: 805 + 806 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]] 807 + 808 + 809 + 810 + 811 += 9. Trouble Shooting = 812 + 813 +== 9.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 814 + 815 + 816 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 817 + 818 + 819 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL. 820 + 821 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses. 822 + 823 + 824 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address. 825 + 826 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.** 827 + 828 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 829 + 830 + 831 +== 9.2 The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem == 832 + 833 + 834 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed. 835 + 836 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]] 837 + 838 + 839 +== 9.3 Fallback IP does not work, how can users check == 840 + 841 + 842 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP. 843 + 844 + 845 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct** 846 + 847 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254. 848 + 849 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure. 850 + 851 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]] 852 + 853 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]] 854 + 855 + 856 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled** 857 + 858 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway. 859 + 860 + 861 +== 9.4 Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? == 862 + 863 + 864 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log. 865 + 866 + 867 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]] 868 + 869 + 870 +== 9.5 Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access == 871 + 872 + 873 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update. 874 + 875 + 876 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 877 +((( 878 +apt update && apt install dragino-fallback 879 + 880 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] 881 +))) 882 + 883 + 884 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) = 885 + 886 + 887 +((( 888 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]. 889 +))) 890 + 891 +((( 892 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest. 893 + 894 + 895 += 11. Reference = 896 + 897 + 376 376 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. 899 +* [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]]. 377 377 901 + 378 378 379 379 ))) 380 380 381 -= **12. Order Info**=905 += 12. Order Info = 382 382 907 + 383 383 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** 384 384 385 385 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band 386 386 387 -* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band 388 -* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band 389 -* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band 390 -* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band 391 -* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band 392 -* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band 912 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 393 393 914 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 915 + 916 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 917 + 918 +* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 919 + 920 +* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 921 + 922 +* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 923 + 394 394 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 395 395 396 -* ** E**: EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. 397 -* ** A**: North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile. 398 -* ** AU**: Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 399 -* ** J**: Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI 926 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India 400 400 928 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus 929 + 930 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 931 + 932 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI 933 + 401 401 More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]]. 402 402 403 403 404 -= **13. Manufacturer Info**=937 += 13. Manufacturer Info = 405 405 939 + 406 406 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** 407 407 408 408 Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai), No.8 CaiYunRoad ... ... @@ -410,21 +410,38 @@ 410 410 LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China 411 411 412 412 413 -= **14. FCC Warning**=947 += 14. FCC Warning = 414 414 949 + 950 +((( 415 415 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 952 +))) 416 416 954 +((( 417 417 ~-~- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 956 +))) 418 418 958 +((( 419 419 ~-~- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 960 +))) 420 420 962 +((( 421 421 ~-~- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 964 +))) 422 422 966 +((( 423 423 ~-~- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 968 +))) 424 424 425 425 971 +((( 426 426 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 973 +))) 427 427 428 428 976 +((( 429 429 The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 978 + 979 + 430 430 ))) 981 +)))
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