Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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- fallback ip.mp4
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... ... @@ -13,22 +13,25 @@ 13 13 {{toc/}} 14 14 15 15 16 -= **1. Introduction** = 17 17 18 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 19 19 20 20 19 += 1. Introduction = 20 + 21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 == 22 + 23 + 21 21 ((( 22 22 ((( 23 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color: green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 24 24 ))) 25 25 26 26 ((( 27 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color: green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 28 28 ))) 29 29 30 30 ((( 31 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color: green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 32 32 ))) 33 33 34 34 ((( ... ... @@ -36,14 +36,13 @@ 36 36 ))) 37 37 38 38 ((( 39 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color: green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 40 40 ))) 41 41 42 42 46 +== 1.2 Specifications == 43 43 44 -== **1.2 Specifications** == 45 45 46 - 47 47 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:** 48 48 49 49 * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz ... ... @@ -50,29 +50,25 @@ 50 50 * RAM: 512MB 51 51 * eMMC: 4GB 52 52 53 - 54 - 55 55 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Interface:** 56 56 57 57 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 58 58 * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless 59 59 * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm 61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm 60 60 61 - 62 - 63 63 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:** 64 64 65 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C66 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 67 67 * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 +== 1.3 Features == 71 71 72 72 73 -== **1.3 Features** == 74 - 75 - 76 76 * Open Source Debian system 77 77 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi 78 78 * Remote Management ... ... @@ -85,60 +85,81 @@ 85 85 ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder 86 86 ** LoRaWAN Basic Station 87 87 ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT) 88 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server89 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %) //**Node-Red**//(%%)local Application server86 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server 87 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server 90 90 91 91 92 92 91 +== 1.4 LED Indicators == 93 93 94 94 95 - ==**1.4BlockDiagram** ==94 +LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 96 96 97 97 97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered 98 98 99 -= =**1.5LEDIndicators**==99 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%): This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting 100 100 101 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%): This RGB LED will show different colors in different states: 101 101 102 - LPS8-V2hastotallyfourLEDs,Theyare:103 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection. 103 103 105 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together 104 104 105 - (%style="color:blue"%)//**➢PowerLED**//(%%)//:ThisREDLEDwill besolid if the deviceisproperlypowered//107 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection. 106 106 107 -(% style="color:blue" %) //**➢LoRaLED**//(%%)//:RGBLED willblink GREEN whentheLoRaWANmodule startsortransmitpacket//109 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status. 108 108 109 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~:// 110 110 111 - //✓ **SOLIDBLUE:** The device is alive with a LoRaWANserverconnection.//112 +== 1.5 Button Intruction == 112 112 113 -// ✓ **BLINKING BLUE:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING BLUE for several seconds and then with SOLID RED and BLINKING BLUE together// 114 114 115 - // ✓** SOLIDRED:** Device doesn'thaveanInternetconnection.//115 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 116 116 117 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.// 118 118 118 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 119 119 120 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished. 120 120 121 -= **2. Quick Start** = 122 122 123 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **the gateway will restore the factory settings. 123 123 125 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished. 126 + 127 + 128 += 2. Quick Start = 129 + 130 + 124 124 The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network. 125 125 126 126 In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network. 127 127 128 128 136 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 == 129 129 130 -== **2.1Connectstothe networkandaccessesthegatewayWeb UI**==138 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 === 131 131 132 132 133 -== ** 2.1.1connectthenetwork.**==141 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ==== 134 134 135 -=== === 136 136 137 - ===(% style="color:blue" %)**Method1**(%%): Connect via EthernetwithDHCP IP from therouter ===144 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password: 138 138 146 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino** 139 139 148 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1** 149 + 150 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]] 151 + 152 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]] 153 + 154 + 155 + 156 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ==== 157 + 158 + 140 140 ((( 141 -Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 160 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 142 142 ))) 143 143 144 144 ((( ... ... @@ -149,33 +149,43 @@ 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect viaWiFi with DHCP IPfrom the router===171 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ==== 153 153 154 154 155 -[[image:image-202 20622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]174 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]] 156 156 157 157 158 -((( 159 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address. 160 -))) 177 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 161 161 179 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 162 162 181 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 163 163 164 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 165 165 166 -~ 1.ConnectPC'sEthernet port toLPS8-V2'sWANport184 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)** 167 167 168 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 169 169 170 - [[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]187 +As in the below photo: 171 171 189 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]] 172 172 173 -and then On the PC, use the IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 174 174 192 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]** 175 175 176 - [[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]]194 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]** 177 177 178 178 197 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 198 + 199 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]] 200 + 201 + 202 + 203 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ==== 204 + 205 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 206 + 207 + 179 179 Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply** 180 180 181 181 ... ... @@ -189,32 +189,125 @@ 189 189 [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]] 190 190 191 191 192 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height=" 513" width="1011"]]221 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 193 193 194 194 224 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI === 195 195 196 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** == 197 197 227 +**Web Interface** 198 198 199 - ===**2.2.1 Select yourareafrequency**===229 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method) 200 200 201 201 232 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP) 233 + 234 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below. 235 + 236 +The account details for Web Login are: 237 + 238 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root** 239 + 240 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password: dragino** 241 + 242 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]] 243 + 244 + 245 +== 2.2 Typical Network Setup == 246 + 247 +=== 2.2.1 Overview === 248 + 249 + 250 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes: 251 + 252 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode** 253 + 254 +* **WiFi Client Mode** 255 + 256 +* **Cellular Mode** 257 + 258 +=== 2.2.2 Use WAN port to access Internet === 259 + 260 + 261 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%): 262 + 263 + 264 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]] 265 + 266 + 267 +=== 2.2.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client === 268 + 269 + 270 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. 271 + 272 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi** 273 + 274 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]] 275 + 276 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect. 277 + 278 + 279 +=== 2.2.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access === 280 + 281 + 282 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4** 283 + 284 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem. 285 + 286 + 287 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up. 288 + 289 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction 290 + 291 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card. 292 + 293 + 294 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]] 295 + 296 + 297 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular** 298 + 299 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 300 + 301 + 302 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]] 303 + 304 + 305 +=== 2.2.5 Check Internet connection === 306 + 307 + 308 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection. 309 + 310 +* GREEN Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection. 311 +* Yellow Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection. 312 +* RED Cross [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet. 313 + 314 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]] 315 + 316 + 317 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network == 318 + 319 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency === 320 + 321 + 202 202 ((( 203 203 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 324 + 325 + 204 204 ))) 205 205 206 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]] 328 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 207 207 208 208 331 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI === 209 209 210 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** === 211 211 212 - 213 213 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 214 214 215 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]] 216 216 337 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]] 217 217 339 + 218 218 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 219 219 220 220 ... ... @@ -230,10 +230,9 @@ 230 230 [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]] 231 231 232 232 355 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network === 233 233 234 -== 2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network == 235 235 236 - 237 237 **Login to The Things Network** 238 238 239 239 [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] ... ... @@ -247,204 +247,545 @@ 247 247 **Get it online** 248 248 249 249 371 += 3. Web Configure Pages = 250 250 251 -= **3.Web ConfigurePages**=373 +== 3.1 Home == 252 252 253 253 254 - ==**3.1Home**==376 +Shows the system running status: 255 255 378 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 256 256 257 -//Shows the system running status~:// 258 258 381 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings == 259 259 260 -== **3.2 LoRaSettings**==383 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa === 261 261 262 262 263 - ===**3.2.1LoRa~-~->LoRa**===386 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well. 264 264 388 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges: 265 265 266 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.// 390 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865. 391 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920 267 267 268 -//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~:// 393 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 394 +After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log** 269 269 270 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.// 271 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 272 272 273 273 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 274 -//After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**// 275 - 276 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 277 277 [[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]] 278 278 279 279 280 280 ((( 281 -(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>> url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__//**402 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//** 282 282 ))) 283 283 284 284 406 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings == 285 285 286 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings**==408 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP === 287 287 288 288 289 - ===**3.3.1LoRaWAN~-~->LoRaWANSemtechUDP**===411 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc. 290 290 291 291 292 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 293 - 294 294 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 295 295 296 296 417 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station === 297 297 298 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** === 299 299 420 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc. 300 300 301 -//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.// 302 302 303 303 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 304 304 305 305 306 306 ((( 307 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>> url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__427 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__ 308 308 ))) 309 309 310 310 431 +== 3.4 Network Settings == 311 311 312 -== **3.4Settings**==433 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi === 313 313 435 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface 314 314 315 - === **3.4.1Network~-~-> WiFi**===437 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]] 316 316 317 317 318 - [[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251"width="669"]]440 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status === 319 319 320 320 443 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 321 321 322 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 323 323 446 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network === 324 324 325 -[[image:image-20220616115229-5.png||height="548" width="665"]] 326 326 449 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address. 327 327 451 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]] 328 328 329 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** === 330 330 454 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular === 331 331 332 -[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]] 333 333 457 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar. 334 334 459 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.** 335 335 336 - == **3.5 System** ==461 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]] 337 337 338 338 339 - ===**3.5.1System~-~->SystemOverview**===464 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state. 340 340 466 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]] 341 341 468 + 469 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716 470 + 471 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]] 472 + 473 + 474 +== 3.5 System == 475 + 476 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 477 + 478 + 342 342 Shows the system info: 343 343 481 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 344 344 345 345 346 -=== **3.5.2Backup/Restore**===484 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General === 347 347 348 348 349 - [[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194"width="649"]]487 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone. 350 350 489 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address. 351 351 491 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]] 352 352 353 -= **4. Build-in LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** = 354 354 494 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore === 355 355 356 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the Built-in LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).** 357 357 358 - You can access thegateway's built-inLNS server of **TheThings Network - Stack **via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow"%)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.497 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 359 359 360 360 500 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit === 501 + 502 + 503 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it. 504 + 505 + 506 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]** 507 + 508 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]] 509 + 510 + 511 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management === 512 + 513 + 514 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages. 515 + 516 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]] 517 + 518 + 519 += 4. Build-in Server = 520 + 521 + 522 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%). 523 + 524 +[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]] 525 + 526 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]] 527 + 528 + 529 + 530 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 531 + 532 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server 533 + 534 + Server ~-~-> Application Server 535 + 536 + 537 +**Troubleshooting:** 538 + 539 + 540 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 541 + 542 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it. 543 + 544 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it. 545 + 546 + 547 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- ChirpStack == 548 + 549 + 550 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 551 + 361 361 Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 362 362 363 363 364 364 Login account: 365 365 366 -**User ID: ****(% style="background-color:yellow" %)admin(%%)**557 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin** 367 367 368 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color: yellow" %)dragino(%%)**559 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)** 369 369 561 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]] 370 370 371 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 372 372 373 373 565 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack === 566 + 567 + 568 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply" 569 + 570 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]] 571 + 572 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]] 573 + 574 + 575 + 576 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red == 577 + 578 + 579 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 580 + 581 + 582 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 583 + 584 + 585 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 586 + 587 + 588 + 589 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** === 590 + 591 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 592 + 593 + 594 +the users can refer to this link to install them. 595 + 596 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]] 597 + 598 + 599 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** === 600 + 601 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old. 602 + 603 + 604 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them. 605 + 606 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]] 607 + 608 + 609 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server == 610 + 611 + 612 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service: 613 + 614 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 374 374 ((( 375 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 376 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 616 +**# start** 617 +systemctl start ttnstack 618 + 619 +**# stop** 620 +systemctl stop ttnstack 621 + 622 +**# enable** 623 +systemctl enable ttnstack 624 + 625 +**#disable** 626 +systemctl disable ttnstack 377 377 ))) 378 378 629 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service: 379 379 380 380 (% class="box infomessage" %) 381 381 ((( 382 -((( 383 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/ttnstack/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh 633 +**# start** 634 +systemctl start nodered 635 + 636 +**# stop** 637 +systemctl stop nodered 638 + 639 +**# enable** 640 +systemctl enable nodered 641 + 642 +**#disable** 643 +systemctl disable nodered 384 384 ))) 385 385 646 + 647 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 == 648 + 649 + 650 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack: 651 + 652 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]** 653 + 654 + 655 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand === 656 + 657 + 658 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first. 659 + 660 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2. 661 + 662 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]] 663 + 664 + 665 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**. 666 + 667 + 668 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2. 669 + 670 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]] 671 + 672 + 673 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge = 674 + 675 + 676 + 677 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB = 678 + 679 + 680 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2 Connection:** 681 + 682 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND 683 + 684 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 386 386 ((( 387 -(% style="background-color:#fcf8e3" %)chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh ttn-stack 686 +**TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 687 + 688 +**RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** 689 + 690 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 388 388 ))) 389 -))) 390 390 693 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 391 391 695 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]] 392 392 393 - =**5.Build-inApplicationServer~-~-Node-Red**=697 +In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 394 394 395 395 396 - The default factory version of LPS8-V2is installed withhebuilt-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue"%)**Node-Red.**700 +[[image:image-20220804164928-3.png||height="320" width="332"]] 397 397 398 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 399 399 703 +[[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 400 400 401 -Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or [[http:~~/~~/<Local-IPV4-Address~>>>http://<Local-IPV4-Address>]]//**__ 402 402 706 += 7. OTA System Update = 403 403 404 -[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 405 405 709 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature. 406 406 711 + 712 +== 7.1 Auto-update method == 713 + 714 + 715 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function. 716 + 717 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight. 718 + 719 + 720 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page 721 + 722 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]] 723 + 724 + 725 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method == 726 + 727 + 728 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system 729 + 730 + 731 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 407 407 ((( 408 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 409 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.** 733 +**apt update && apt install *dragino*** 410 410 ))) 411 411 412 412 737 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update" 413 413 739 + 740 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins. ** 741 + 742 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]] 743 + 744 + 745 + 746 += 8. FAQ = 747 + 748 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname == 749 + 750 + 751 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command: 752 + 414 414 (% class="box infomessage" %) 415 415 ((( 416 -((( 417 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/nodered/autoinstall_nodered.sh 418 -chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh node-red 755 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456 419 419 ))) 420 -))) 421 421 422 -[[image:image-202 20728102000-1.png]]758 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]] 423 423 760 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway. 424 424 425 425 426 - (%style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:29px" %)**10.Supports**763 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack == 427 427 428 428 766 +Migrate guide: 767 + 768 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.** 769 + 770 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"** 771 + 772 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]] 773 + 774 + 775 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"** 776 + 777 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]] 778 + 779 + 780 +**4. Strat Install ** 781 + 782 + 783 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds 784 + 785 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]] 786 + 787 + 788 +**5.Migration complete check result** 789 + 790 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]] 791 + 792 + 793 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]] 794 + 795 + 796 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed == 797 + 798 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume. 799 + 800 + 801 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]] 802 + 803 + 804 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval 805 + 806 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]] 807 + 808 +3. Disable the auto-update: 809 + 810 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]] 811 + 812 + 813 + 814 + 815 += 9. Trouble Shooting = 816 + 817 +== 9.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 818 + 819 + 820 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 821 + 822 + 823 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL. 824 + 825 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses. 826 + 827 + 828 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address. 829 + 830 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.** 831 + 832 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 833 + 834 + 835 +== 9.2 The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem == 836 + 837 + 838 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed. 839 + 840 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]] 841 + 842 + 843 +== 9.3 Fallback IP does not work, how can users check == 844 + 845 + 846 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP. 847 + 848 + 849 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct** 850 + 851 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254. 852 + 853 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure. 854 + 855 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]] 856 + 857 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]] 858 + 859 + 860 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled** 861 + 862 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway. 863 + 864 + 865 +== 9.4 Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? == 866 + 867 + 868 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log. 869 + 870 + 871 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]] 872 + 873 + 874 +== 9.5 Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access == 875 + 876 + 877 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update. 878 + 879 + 880 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 429 429 ((( 430 -**//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//** 882 +apt update && apt install dragino-fallback 883 + 884 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] 431 431 ))) 432 432 887 + 888 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) = 889 + 890 + 433 433 ((( 434 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//** 892 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]. 893 +))) 435 435 895 +((( 896 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest. 436 436 437 437 438 -= **11 Reference**=899 += 11. Reference = 439 439 440 440 441 441 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. 903 +* [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]]. 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 ))) 446 446 447 -= **12. Order Info**=909 += 12. Order Info = 448 448 449 449 450 450 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** ... ... @@ -452,27 +452,33 @@ 452 452 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band 453 453 454 454 * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 917 + 455 455 * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 919 + 456 456 * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 921 + 457 457 * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 923 + 458 458 * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 925 + 459 459 * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 460 460 461 - 462 462 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 463 463 464 -* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. 465 -* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile. 466 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 467 -* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI 930 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India 468 468 469 - Moreinfoaboutvalid bands, pleasesee [[EC25-Eproductpage>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].932 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus 470 470 934 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 471 471 936 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI 472 472 473 - =**13.ManufacturerInfo** =938 +More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]]. 474 474 475 475 941 += 13. Manufacturer Info = 942 + 943 + 476 476 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** 477 477 478 478 Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai), No.8 CaiYunRoad ... ... @@ -480,10 +480,9 @@ 480 480 LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China 481 481 482 482 951 += 14. FCC Warning = 483 483 484 -= **14. FCC Warning** = 485 485 486 - 487 487 ((( 488 488 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 489 489 ))) ... ... @@ -512,5 +512,7 @@ 512 512 513 513 ((( 514 514 The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 982 + 983 + 515 515 ))) 516 516 )))
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