Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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- fallback ip.mp4
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@ 1 -LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway 1 +LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual - Content
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... ... @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ 1 +(% style="text-align:center" %) 1 1 [[image:image-20220620202334-2.png||height="467" width="809"]] 2 2 3 3 4 4 ((( 5 - **LPS8v2User Manual**6 + 6 6 7 7 8 8 ))) ... ... @@ -11,44 +11,63 @@ 11 11 12 12 {{toc/}} 13 13 14 -= **1. Introduction** = 15 15 16 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 17 17 17 + 18 + 19 += 1. Introduction = 20 + 21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 == 22 + 23 + 18 18 ((( 19 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 25 +((( 26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 27 +))) 20 20 21 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 29 +((( 30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 31 +))) 22 22 23 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 33 +((( 34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 35 +))) 24 24 37 +((( 25 25 Different countries use different LoRaWAN frequency bands. LPS8v2 has these bands pre-configured. Users can also customize the frequency bands to use in their own LoRa network. 39 +))) 26 26 27 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 41 +((( 42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 43 +))) 28 28 29 29 30 -== **1.2 Specifications**==46 +== 1.2 Specifications == 31 31 32 -**Hardware System:** 33 33 49 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:** 50 + 34 34 * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz 35 35 * RAM: 512MB 36 36 * eMMC: 4GB 37 37 38 -**Interface:** 55 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Interface:** 39 39 40 40 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 41 41 * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless 42 42 * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm 61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm 43 43 44 -**Operating Condition:** 63 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:** 45 45 46 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C47 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C 48 48 * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC 49 49 50 -== **1.3 Features**==69 +== 1.3 Features == 51 51 71 + 52 52 * Open Source Debian system 53 53 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi 54 54 * Remote Management ... ... @@ -61,117 +61,261 @@ 61 61 ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder 62 62 ** LoRaWAN Basic Station 63 63 ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT) 64 -* Built-in //**The Things Network**//local LoRaWAN server65 -* Built-in //**Node-Red**//local Application server84 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server 85 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server 66 66 67 -== **1.4BlockDiagram**==87 +== 1.4 LED Indicators == 68 68 69 69 70 -== **1.5 LED Indicators** == 71 - 72 72 LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 73 73 74 74 75 - //**➢ Power LED**: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered//93 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered 76 76 95 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%): This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting 77 77 78 - //**➢LoRaLED**: This RGB LED willblink GREEN when the LoRaWANmodulestartsortransmit apacket//97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%): This RGB LED will show different colors in different states: 79 79 99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection. 80 80 81 - //**➢SYSLED**:ThisRGB LEDwillshowdifferent colors indifferent states~://101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together 82 82 83 - //✓BLUE:Thedeviceis alivewithaLoRaWAN serverconnection.//103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection. 84 84 85 - //✓ BLINKING BLUE: a) Device hasinternetconnectionbut no LoRaWAN Connection.or b) Device isinbootingstage, in thisstage,it will BLINKINGBLUE for several seconds and thenwith SOLID REDand BLINKING BLUEtogether//105 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status. 86 86 87 -// ✓ SOLID RED: Device doesn’t have an Internet connection.// 88 88 108 +== 1.5 Button Intruction == 89 89 90 -//**➢ ETH LED**: This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.// 91 91 111 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 92 92 93 -= **2. Quick Start** = 94 94 114 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 115 + 116 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished. 117 + 118 + 119 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **the gateway will restore the factory settings. 120 + 121 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished. 122 + 123 + 124 += 2. Quick Start = 125 + 126 + 95 95 The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network. 96 96 97 97 In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network. 98 98 99 99 100 -== **2.1Connectsto the networkandaccesses thegatewayWebUI**==132 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 == 101 101 134 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 === 102 102 103 -== **2.1.1 connect the network.** == 104 104 105 -=== === 137 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ==== 106 106 107 -=== **Method 1**: Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router === 108 108 109 - ConnecttheLPS8-V2EthernetporttoyourrouterandLPS8can obtainan IP address from your router.Intheouter'smanagementportal, you shouldbe abletofind what IP address the router has assigned to theLPS8-V2.140 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password: 110 110 142 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino** 143 + 144 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1** 145 + 146 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]] 147 + 148 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]] 149 + 150 + 151 + 152 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ==== 153 + 154 + 155 +((( 156 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 157 +))) 158 + 159 +((( 111 111 You can also use this IP to connect. 161 +))) 112 112 113 113 [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]] 114 114 115 115 116 -=== **Method 2**: Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router === 117 117 167 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%): Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ==== 118 118 119 -[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 120 120 170 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]] 121 121 122 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address. 123 123 173 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 124 124 125 - **Steps to connectviafallbackIP:**175 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 126 126 127 - ~1. ConnectPC’s Ethernet porttoLPS8-V2'sWANport177 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 128 128 129 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 130 130 131 - [[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]180 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)** 132 132 133 133 134 - andthenOnthePC, usethe IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** toaccessthe LPS8-V2 via Webor Console.183 +As in the below photo: 135 135 185 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]] 136 136 137 -[[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="569" width="1039"]] 138 138 188 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]** 139 139 140 - Fillin theWiFiinformationbycheckingtheboxandclicking **Save&Apply**190 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]** 141 141 142 142 193 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 194 + 195 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]] 196 + 197 + 198 + 199 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ==== 200 + 201 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 202 + 203 + 204 +Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply** 205 + 206 + 143 143 [[image:image-20220622102702-6.png]] 144 144 145 145 210 + 146 146 **Wi-Fi configuration successful** 147 147 148 148 149 149 [[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]] 150 150 151 -[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="513" width="1011"]] 152 152 217 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 153 153 154 154 220 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI === 155 155 156 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** == 157 157 223 +**Web Interface** 158 158 159 - ===**2.2.1 Select yourareafrequency**===225 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method) 160 160 227 + 228 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP) 229 + 230 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below. 231 + 232 +The account details for Web Login are: 233 + 234 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root** 235 + 236 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password: dragino** 237 + 238 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]] 239 + 240 + 241 +== 2.2 Typical Network Setup == 242 + 243 +=== 2.2.1 Overview === 244 + 245 + 246 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes: 247 + 248 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode** 249 + 250 +* **WiFi Client Mode** 251 + 252 +* **Cellular Mode** 253 + 254 +=== 2.2.2 Use WAN port to access Internet === 255 + 256 + 257 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%): 258 + 259 + 260 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]] 261 + 262 + 263 +=== 2.2.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client === 264 + 265 + 266 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. 267 + 268 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi** 269 + 270 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]] 271 + 272 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect. 273 + 274 + 275 +=== 2.2.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access === 276 + 277 + 278 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4** 279 + 280 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem. 281 + 282 + 283 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up. 284 + 285 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction 286 + 287 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card. 288 + 289 + 290 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]] 291 + 292 + 293 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular** 294 + 295 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 296 + 297 + 298 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]] 299 + 300 + 301 +=== 2.2.5 Check Internet connection === 302 + 303 + 304 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection. 305 + 306 +* GREEN Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection. 307 +* Yellow Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection. 308 +* RED Cross [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet. 309 + 310 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]] 311 + 312 + 313 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network == 314 + 315 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency === 316 + 317 + 318 +((( 161 161 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 162 162 163 -[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png]] 321 + 322 +))) 164 164 324 +[[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 165 165 166 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** === 167 167 327 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI === 328 + 329 + 168 168 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 169 169 170 -[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png]] 171 171 333 +[[image:image-20220622103355-10.png||height="698" width="949"]] 172 172 173 -**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 174 174 336 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster that corresponds to a specific Gateway server address** 337 + 338 + 175 175 **➢ Europe 1:** corresponding Gateway server address: **eu1.cloud.thethings.network** 176 176 177 177 **➢ North America 1:** corresponding Gateway server address: **nam1.cloud.thethings.network** ... ... @@ -184,13 +184,14 @@ 184 184 [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]] 185 185 186 186 351 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network === 187 187 188 -== 2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network == 189 189 190 190 **Login to The Things Network** 191 191 192 192 [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] 193 193 358 + 194 194 **Add the gateway** 195 195 196 196 [[image:image-20220622104252-13.png||height="511" width="953"]] ... ... @@ -199,198 +199,577 @@ 199 199 **Get it online** 200 200 201 201 202 -= **3. Web Configure Pages**=367 += 3. Web Configure Pages = 203 203 369 +== 3.1 Home == 204 204 205 -== **3.1 Home** == 206 206 207 - //Shows the system running status~://372 +Shows the system running status: 208 208 209 - == **3.2LoRaSettings**==374 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 210 210 211 211 212 -== =**3.2.1LoRa~-~->LoRa**===377 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings == 213 213 379 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa === 214 214 215 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.// 216 216 217 - //Different LPS8v2hardwareversionscansupportdifferent frequencyranges~://382 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well. 218 218 219 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.// 220 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 384 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges: 221 221 386 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865. 387 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920 388 + 222 222 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 223 - //After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page **LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**//390 +After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log** 224 224 392 + 225 225 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 226 226 [[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]] 227 227 228 228 229 -//**Note ***: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band~:// 397 +((( 398 +(% style="color:red" %)//**Note *: See this instruction for how to customize the frequency band: **//(%%)**//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]__//** 399 +))) 230 230 231 -//__[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20customized%20LoRaWAN%20frequency%20band/]]__// 232 232 402 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings == 233 233 234 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings**==404 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP === 235 235 236 236 237 - ===**3.3.1LoRaWAN~-~->LoRaWANSemtechUDP**===407 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc. 238 238 239 239 240 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 241 - 242 242 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 243 243 244 244 245 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station**===413 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station === 246 246 247 247 248 - //This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.//416 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc. 249 249 418 + 250 250 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 251 251 252 252 253 -Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Use%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Basic%20Station/]]__ 422 +((( 423 +Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__ 424 +))) 254 254 255 255 256 -== **3.4 Network Settings**==427 +== 3.4 Network Settings == 257 257 429 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi === 258 258 259 - ===**3.4.1Network~-~->WiFi**===431 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface 260 260 433 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]] 261 261 262 -[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]] 263 263 436 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status === 264 264 265 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 266 266 439 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 267 267 268 -[[image:image-20220616115229-5.png||height="548" width="665"]] 269 269 442 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network === 270 270 271 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** === 272 272 445 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address. 273 273 274 -[[image:image-202206 16115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]]447 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]] 275 275 276 276 277 -== **3.5 System**==450 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular === 278 278 279 279 280 - ===**3.5.1 System~-~->SystemOverview**===453 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar. 281 281 455 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.** 282 282 457 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]] 458 + 459 + 460 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state. 461 + 462 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]] 463 + 464 + 465 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716 466 + 467 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]] 468 + 469 + 470 +== 3.5 System == 471 + 472 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 473 + 474 + 283 283 Shows the system info: 284 284 477 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 285 285 286 -=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** === 287 287 480 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General === 288 288 289 -[[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194" width="649"]] 290 290 483 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone. 291 291 485 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address. 292 292 293 - = **4. Build-in LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network-Stack (TTN-V3)** =487 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]] 294 294 295 295 296 - Thedefaultfactoryversion of LPS8-V2 is installedwith the Built-in LoRaWAN Server: **The Things Network-Stack(Open Source3.19 Version).**490 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore === 297 297 298 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of **The Things Network - Stack **via the URL((% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 299 299 493 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 300 300 301 -Such as (% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 302 302 496 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit === 303 303 498 + 499 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it. 500 + 501 + 502 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]** 503 + 504 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]] 505 + 506 + 507 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management === 508 + 509 + 510 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages. 511 + 512 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]] 513 + 514 + 515 += 4. Build-in Server = 516 + 517 + 518 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%). 519 + 520 +[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]] 521 + 522 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]] 523 + 524 + 525 + 526 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 527 + 528 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server 529 + 530 + Server ~-~-> Application Server 531 + 532 + 533 +**Troubleshooting:** 534 + 535 + 536 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 537 + 538 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it. 539 + 540 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it. 541 + 542 + 543 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- ChirpStack == 544 + 545 + 546 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 547 + 548 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 549 + 550 + 304 304 Login account: 305 305 306 -**User ID: **class="mark" %)admin553 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin** 307 307 308 -**Password: ** (% class="mark" %)dragino555 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)** 309 309 557 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]] 310 310 311 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 312 312 313 -**Note: (% class="mark" %)A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 314 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.(%%)** 315 315 561 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack === 316 316 563 + 564 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply" 565 + 566 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]] 567 + 568 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]] 569 + 570 + 571 + 572 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red == 573 + 574 + 575 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 576 + 577 + 578 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 579 + 580 + 581 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 582 + 583 + 584 + 585 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** === 586 + 587 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 588 + 589 + 590 +the users can refer to this link to install them. 591 + 592 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]] 593 + 594 + 595 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** === 596 + 597 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old. 598 + 599 + 600 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them. 601 + 602 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]] 603 + 604 + 605 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server == 606 + 607 + 608 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service: 609 + 317 317 (% class="box infomessage" %) 318 318 ((( 319 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/ttnstack/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh 612 +**# start** 613 +systemctl start ttnstack 320 320 321 -(% style="background-color:#fcf8e3" %)chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_ttn-stack.sh ttn-stack 615 +**# stop** 616 +systemctl stop ttnstack 617 + 618 +**# enable** 619 +systemctl enable ttnstack 620 + 621 +**#disable** 622 +systemctl disable ttnstack 322 322 ))) 323 323 625 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service: 324 324 325 -= **5. Build-in Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** = 627 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 628 +((( 629 +**# start** 630 +systemctl start nodered 326 326 632 +**# stop** 633 +systemctl stop nodered 327 327 328 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: **Node-Red.** 635 +**# enable** 636 +systemctl enable nodered 329 329 330 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% class="mark" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 638 +**#disable** 639 +systemctl disable nodered 640 +))) 331 331 332 332 333 - Suchas(%class="mark"%)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080orhttp:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__643 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 == 334 334 335 -[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]] 336 336 646 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack: 337 337 648 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]** 338 338 339 -**Note: (% class="mark" %)A portion of the sample devices that were not installed with Node-Red. 340 - You can complete the installation manually with the following command.(%%)** 341 341 651 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand === 342 342 653 + 654 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first. 655 + 656 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2. 657 + 658 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]] 659 + 660 + 661 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**. 662 + 663 + 664 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2. 665 + 666 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]] 667 + 668 + 669 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge = 670 + 671 + 672 + 673 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB = 674 + 675 + 676 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2 Connection:** 677 + 678 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND 679 + 343 343 (% class="box infomessage" %) 344 344 ((( 345 -(% class="mark" %)cd /tmp && wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/nodered/autoinstall_nodered.sh 346 -chmod +x /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh && /tmp/autoinstall_nodered.sh node-red 682 +**TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 683 + 684 +**RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** 685 + 686 +**GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 347 347 ))) 348 348 349 - [[image:image-20220728102000-1.png]]689 +**LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 350 350 691 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]] 351 351 352 - (%style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit;font-size:29px" %)**10. Supports**693 +In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 353 353 695 + 696 +[[image:image-20220804164928-3.png||height="320" width="332"]] 697 + 698 + 699 +[[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 700 + 701 + 702 += 7. OTA System Update = 703 + 704 + 705 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature. 706 + 707 + 708 +== 7.1 Auto-update method == 709 + 710 + 711 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function. 712 + 713 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight. 714 + 715 + 716 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page 717 + 718 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]] 719 + 720 + 721 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method == 722 + 723 + 724 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system 725 + 726 + 727 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 354 354 ((( 355 -** //If youare experiencingissues andcan'tsolvethem,you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**729 +**apt update && apt install *dragino*** 356 356 ))) 357 357 732 + 733 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update" 734 + 735 + 736 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins. ** 737 + 738 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]] 739 + 740 + 741 + 742 += 8. FAQ = 743 + 744 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname == 745 + 746 + 747 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command: 748 + 749 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 358 358 ((( 359 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//** 751 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456 752 +))) 360 360 754 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]] 361 361 362 - = **11 Reference**=756 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway. 363 363 758 + 759 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack == 760 + 761 + 762 +Migrate guide: 763 + 764 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.** 765 + 766 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"** 767 + 768 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]] 769 + 770 + 771 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"** 772 + 773 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]] 774 + 775 + 776 +**4. Strat Install ** 777 + 778 + 779 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds 780 + 781 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]] 782 + 783 + 784 +**5.Migration complete check result** 785 + 786 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]] 787 + 788 + 789 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]] 790 + 791 + 792 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed == 793 + 794 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume. 795 + 796 + 797 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]] 798 + 799 + 800 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval 801 + 802 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]] 803 + 804 +3. Disable the auto-update: 805 + 806 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]] 807 + 808 + 809 + 810 + 811 += 9. Trouble Shooting = 812 + 813 +== 9.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 814 + 815 + 816 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 817 + 818 + 819 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL. 820 + 821 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses. 822 + 823 + 824 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address. 825 + 826 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.** 827 + 828 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 829 + 830 + 831 +== 9.2 The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem == 832 + 833 + 834 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed. 835 + 836 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]] 837 + 838 + 839 +== 9.3 Fallback IP does not work, how can users check == 840 + 841 + 842 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP. 843 + 844 + 845 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct** 846 + 847 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254. 848 + 849 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure. 850 + 851 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]] 852 + 853 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]] 854 + 855 + 856 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled** 857 + 858 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway. 859 + 860 + 861 +== 9.4 Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? == 862 + 863 + 864 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log. 865 + 866 + 867 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]] 868 + 869 + 870 +== 9.4 Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access == 871 + 872 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update. 873 + 874 + 875 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 876 +((( 877 +apt update && apt install dragino-fallback 878 + 879 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] 880 +))) 881 + 882 + 883 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) = 884 + 885 + 886 +((( 887 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]. 888 +))) 889 + 890 +((( 891 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest. 892 + 893 + 894 += 11. Reference = 895 + 896 + 364 364 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. 898 +* [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]]. 365 365 366 366 367 367 ))) 368 368 369 -= **12. Order Info**=903 += 12. Order Info = 370 370 905 + 371 371 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** 372 372 373 373 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band 374 374 375 -* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band 376 -* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band 377 -* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band 378 -* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band 379 -* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band 380 -* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band 910 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 381 381 912 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 913 + 914 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 915 + 916 +* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 917 + 918 +* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 919 + 920 +* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 921 + 382 382 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 383 383 384 -* ** E**: EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. 385 -* ** A**: North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile. 386 -* ** AU**: Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 387 -* ** J**: Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI 924 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India 388 388 926 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus 927 + 928 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 929 + 930 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI 931 + 389 389 More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]]. 390 390 391 391 392 -= **13. Manufacturer Info**=935 += 13. Manufacturer Info = 393 393 937 + 394 394 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** 395 395 396 396 Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai), No.8 CaiYunRoad ... ... @@ -398,21 +398,38 @@ 398 398 LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China 399 399 400 400 401 -= **14. FCC Warning**=945 += 14. FCC Warning = 402 402 947 + 948 +((( 403 403 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 950 +))) 404 404 952 +((( 405 405 ~-~- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 954 +))) 406 406 956 +((( 407 407 ~-~- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. 958 +))) 408 408 960 +((( 409 409 ~-~- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. 962 +))) 410 410 964 +((( 411 411 ~-~- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 966 +))) 412 412 413 413 969 +((( 414 414 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. 971 +))) 415 415 416 416 974 +((( 417 417 The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 976 + 977 + 418 418 ))) 979 +)))
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