Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
<
From version < 345.1
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2024/12/31 16:31
To version < 290.1 >
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2023/12/07 14:53
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Summary

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Title
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1 -LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
1 +LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Content
... ... @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
8 8  
9 9  )))
10 10  
11 -**Table of Contents:**
11 +**Table of Contents：**
12 12  
13 13  {{toc/}}
14 14  
... ... @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
18 18  
19 19  = 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 -== (% data-sider-select-id="66d5195f-ab1f-47c7-83cb-b027d0903e53" %)1.1 What is LPS8v2(%%) ==
21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
22 22  
23 23  
24 24  (((
... ... @@ -96,16 +96,16 @@
96 96  
97 97  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
98 98  
99 - ✓  **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
100 100  
101 - ✓  **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
102 102  
103 - ✓**  SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
104 104  
105 105  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
106 106  
107 107  
108 -== 1.5 Button Instruction ==
108 +== 1.5 Button Intruction ==
109 109  
110 110  
111 111  LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
... ... @@ -126,13 +126,6 @@
126 126  See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: **[[How to reset the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtoresetthebuilt-inserver]]**
127 127  
128 128  
129 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
130 -
131 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
132 -
133 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
134 -
135 -
136 136  = 2. Quick Start =
137 137  
138 138  
... ... @@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
160 160  [[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
161 161  
162 162  
156 +
163 163  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
164 164  
165 165  
... ... @@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
174 174  [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]]
175 175  
176 176  
171 +
177 177  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
178 178  
179 179  
... ... @@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
205 205  [[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
206 206  
207 207  
203 +
208 208  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
209 209  
210 210  [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
... ... @@ -213,18 +213,19 @@
213 213  Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply**
214 214  
215 215  
216 -[[image:image-20241231151635-3.png||height="481" width="944"]]
212 +[[image:image-20220622102702-6.png]]
217 217  
218 218  
219 219  
220 220  **Wi-Fi configuration successful**
221 221  
222 -[[image:image-20241231151810-4.png||height="487" width="947"]]
223 223  
219 +[[image:image-20220622102847-7.png]]
224 224  
225 -[[image:image-20241231152015-6.png||height="506" width="1001"]]
226 226  
222 +[[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]]
227 227  
224 +
228 228  === 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI ===
229 229  
230 230  
... ... @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
243 243  
244 244  (% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
245 245  
246 -[[image:image-20240318160845-1.png]]
243 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
247 247  
248 248  
249 249  == 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
... ... @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
275 275  
276 276  The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi**
277 277  
278 -[[image:image-20241231151512-2.png]]
275 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]]
279 279  
280 280  In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect.
281 281  
... ... @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
295 295  Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card.
296 296  
297 297  
298 -[[image:image-20241231153425-1.jpeg||height="262" width="884"]]
295 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]]
299 299  
300 300  
301 301  The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular**
... ... @@ -306,12 +306,6 @@
306 306  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
307 307  
308 308  
309 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: In most cases, the user simply types in the APN and checks the enable checkbox, without typing Pincode, Username, or Password settings.**
310 -
311 -
312 -When cellular fails to connect or has problems, users can refer to this link to (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)Trouble Shooting(%%):**[[How to Trouble Shooting if Cellular connection fails>>https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20cellular%20network%20connection/#H2.2ForLPS8v22FMS48-LR]]**
313 -
314 -
315 315  === 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
316 316  
317 317  
... ... @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
405 405  
406 406  
407 407  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
408 -[[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="457" width="836"]]
399 +[[image:image-20220616110739-1.png||height="372" width="682"]]
409 409  
410 410  
411 411  (((
... ... @@ -435,40 +435,25 @@
435 435  
436 436  (((
437 437  Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__
438 -
439 -
440 -== (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:26px" %)3.4  Forwarder(%%) ==
441 441  )))
442 442  
443 -=== 3.4.1 Forwarder ~-~-> MQTT Forwarder ===
444 444  
432 +== 3.4 Network Settings ==
445 445  
446 -In the latest version, MQTT Forwarder functionality has been added to the LPS8V2 gateway by default
434 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
447 447  
448 -Users can configure the MQTT Forwarder on the **Forwarder~-~->MQTT** interface, and when the configuration is successful, it will forward the sensor data of the lorawan server chirpstack built in LPS8v2
449 -
450 -For a detailed example of this feature, see this link:**[[MQTT Forward Instruction - DRAGINO>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/#H3.3A0UseLoRaWANProtocolforcommunication--ForLPS8V2]]**
451 -
452 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
453 -[[image:image-20240902092034-1.png]]
454 -
455 -
456 -== 3.5 Network Settings ==
457 -
458 -=== 3.5.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
459 -
460 460  Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface
461 461  
462 -[[image:image-20241231151434-1.png||height="608" width="1195"]]
438 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]]
463 463  
464 464  
465 -=== 3.5.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
441 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
466 466  
467 467  
468 468  [[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
469 469  
470 470  
471 -=== 3.5.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
447 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
472 472  
473 473  
474 474  In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address.
... ... @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
476 476  [[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]]
477 477  
478 478  
479 -=== 3.5.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
455 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
480 480  
481 481  
482 482  In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar.
... ... @@ -493,25 +493,20 @@
493 493  
494 494  Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716
495 495  
496 -**[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]]**
472 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]]
497 497  
498 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H5.MQTTForwarder" %)
499 -(% id="cke_bm_4823S" style="display:none" %)
500 500  
501 -When cellular fails to connect or has problems, users can refer to this link to (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)Trouble Shooting(%%):**[[How to Trouble Shooting if Cellular connection fails>>https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20cellular%20network%20connection/#H2.2ForLPS8v22FMS48-LR]]**
475 +== 3.5 System ==
502 502  
477 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
503 503  
504 -== 3.6 System ==
505 505  
506 -=== 3.6.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
507 -
508 -
509 509  Shows the system info:
510 510  
511 511  [[image:image-20231031162854-1.png]]
512 512  
513 513  
514 -=== 3.6.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
485 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
515 515  
516 516  
517 517  In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone.
... ... @@ -521,29 +521,15 @@
521 521  [[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]]
522 522  
523 523  
524 -=== 3.6.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
495 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
525 525  
526 526  
527 527  [[image:image-20231031162927-2.png]]
528 528  
529 -=== 3.6.4 System ~-~-> Reboot / Reset ===
530 530  
531 -In the **System-> Reboot / Reset** interface, users can can restart or reset the gateway.
501 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
532 532  
533 -ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
534 534  
535 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
536 -
537 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
538 -
539 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
540 -
541 -[[image:image-20240203172853-1.png||height="365" width="901"]]
542 -
543 -
544 -=== 3.6.5 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
545 -
546 -
547 547  In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
548 548  
549 549  
... ... @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@
552 552  [[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
553 553  
554 554  
555 -=== 3.6.6 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
512 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
556 556  
557 557  
558 558  In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
... ... @@ -560,38 +560,6 @@
560 560  [[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
561 561  
562 562  
563 -== 3.7 Logread ==
564 -
565 -=== 3.7.1 LoRa Log ===
566 -
567 -
568 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> LoRa Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway lora channel and the status of the IoT connection
569 -
570 -[[image:image-20240416112509-1.png]]
571 -
572 -
573 -=== 3.7.2 Gateway Traffic ===
574 -
575 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Gateway Traffic page**, The users can view sensor packages about Recent LoRa uplink/downlink/Join requests
576 -
577 -[[image:image-20240416112618-2.png||height="705" width="1122"]]
578 -
579 -
580 -=== 3.7.3 System Log ===
581 -
582 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> System Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway system
583 -
584 -[[image:image-20240416112649-3.png||height="820" width="1122"]]
585 -
586 -
587 -=== 3.7.4 Record Log ===
588 -
589 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Recod Log page**, The users can record the gateway curren running log.
590 -
591 -[[image:image-20240416112712-4.png||height="319" width="1128"]]
592 -
593 -
594 -
595 595  = 4. Build-in Server =
596 596  
597 597  After the v1.7-230606 version, the LPS8-V2 default factory pre-installed the LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%), Application Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%).
... ... @@ -718,17 +718,14 @@
718 718  [[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
719 719  
720 720  
721 -
722 722  = 5. Watch Dog =
723 723  
724 724  
725 -The watchdog will guard the LPS8V2 to avoid the need to perform a reboot manually after down occurs
726 -
727 -
728 728  LPS8-V2 supports the Watch Dog but is not enabled by the previous releases(2023-11-24 )
729 729  
730 730  The uses can be via the below method to enable Watch Dog:
731 731  
653 +
732 732  (% class="box infomessage" %)
733 733  (((
734 734  wget -P /tmp/ http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/watchdog/enable_watchdog.sh && chmod +x /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh && /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh
... ... @@ -737,6 +737,7 @@
737 737  [[image:image-20231124113209-1.png||height="470" width="1157"]]
738 738  
739 739  
662 +
740 740  = 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
741 741  
742 742  
... ... @@ -790,6 +790,7 @@
790 790  
791 791  1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
792 792  
716 +
793 793  (% class="box infomessage" %)
794 794  (((
795 795  **apt update && apt install *dragino***
... ... @@ -798,400 +798,178 @@
798 798  
799 799  2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
800 800  
801 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
802 802  
726 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
727 +
803 803  [[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
804 804  
805 805  
806 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f31494a0-5f58-4b5c-820e-9cb1be76d96f" %)8 How do I view gateway logs(%%) =
807 807  
808 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="2c782a3d-7138-45c4-bbdf-09c0e27ef896" %)8.1 LoRaWAN Log:(%%) ===
732 += 8. FAQ =
809 809  
734 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname ==
810 810  
811 -==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
812 812  
813 -When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
737 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
814 814  
815 -[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
816 -
817 -
818 -==== Station Log: ====
819 -
820 -When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
821 -
822 -[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
823 -
824 -
825 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="de76f982-b2e5-4327-aab4-8890814f5f53" %)8.2  4G Log(%%) ===
826 -
827 -
828 -User needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
829 -
830 830  (% class="box infomessage" %)
831 831  (((
832 -cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
741 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
833 833  )))
834 834  
835 -[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
744 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
836 836  
746 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
837 837  
838 -LPS8v2 use **quectel-CM** linux drive for dial up. The manual of this driver can be found here: [[**quectel-CM driver user manual**>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/73n2jl2c5r8h4i187to4n/Quectel_WCDMA_LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9-20190212.pdf?rlkey=j8834bw38d4neieisg54zngu9&st=kjsd4zx4&dl=0]].
839 839  
840 -Below are some commands as reference:
749 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
841 841  
842 ->Usage:  /usr/bin/quectel-CM [options]
843 -> -s [apn [user password auth]]  Set apn/user/password/auth get from your network provider. auth: 1~~pap, 2~~chap
844 -> -p pincode Verify sim card pin if sim card is locked
845 -> -p [quectel-][qmi|mbim]-proxy  Request to use proxy
846 -> -f logfilename Save log message of this program to file
847 -> -u usbmonlog filename  Save usbmon log to file
848 -> -i interface Specify which network interface to setup data call when multi-modems exits
849 -> -4 Setup IPv4 data call (default)
850 -> -6 Setup IPv6 data call
851 -> -k pdn Specify which pdn to hangup data call (by send SIGINT to 'quectel-CM -n pdn')
852 -> -m iface-idx Bind QMI data call to wwan0_<iface idx> when QMAP used. E.g '-n 7 -m 1' bind pdn-7 data call to wwan0_1
853 -> -b Enable network interface bridge function (default 0)
854 -> -v Verbose log mode, for debug purpose.[Examples]
855 ->Example 1: /usr/bin/quectel-CM
856 ->Example 2: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet
857 ->Example 3: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet -v
858 858  
752 +Migrate guide:
859 859  
754 +To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
860 860  
861 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="ec43d85c-19ec-48b0-a4fc-0ecd76f17fc4" %)8.3 Dmesg Log(%%) ===
756 +**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
862 862  
758 +**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
863 863  
864 -Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
865 865  
866 -[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
867 867  
762 +=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
868 868  
869 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="3a977a3e-9417-40fa-bdfb-2544a88744a9" %)8.4 Record Log(%%) ===
870 -
871 -
872 -Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
873 -
874 -[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
875 -
876 -
877 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="b988f832-4b37-4a61-b951-ff2138ad9cba" %)8.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command(%%) ===
878 -
879 -
880 -**Semtech UDP Log :**
881 -
882 882  (% class="box infomessage" %)
883 883  (((
884 -**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
766 +wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
885 885  )))
886 886  
887 -[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
888 888  
889 889  
890 -**Station Log:**
771 +=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
891 891  
892 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
893 -(((
894 -**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
895 -)))
773 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
896 896  
897 -[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
898 898  
899 899  
900 -**Dmesg Log:**
777 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed ==
901 901  
902 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
903 -(((
904 -**dmesg**
905 -)))
906 906  
907 -[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
780 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
908 908  
782 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
909 909  
910 910  
911 -(% data-sider-select-id="65e92cfb-62df-4513-8469-b74edd72dea5" %)
912 -= (% data-sider-select-id="ce97a758-4348-4c0c-86eb-412b6b8d3996" %)9. More Services(%%) =
785 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
913 913  
914 -== (% data-sider-select-id="6b164b64-51ae-4144-8ffd-5cd725b3bb5f" %)9.1 NTP Service/Time Synchronization(%%) ==
787 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
915 915  
916 -The gateway time sync service is provided by chrony service
917 917  
790 +3. Disable the auto-update:
918 918  
919 -=== 1). Modify the NTP server address: ===
792 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
920 920  
921 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
922 -(((
923 -Configuration file path:  /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
924 -)))
925 925  
795 +== 8.4 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot ==
926 926  
927 -=== 2). Start/Stop/Enable/Disable NTP service: ===
928 928  
929 929  (% class="box infomessage" %)
930 930  (((
931 -systemctl start chrony
932 -\\systemctl stop chrony
933 -\\systemctl disable chrony
934 -\\systemctl enable chrony
800 +apt update && apt install helium-gateway
935 935  )))
936 936  
937 937  
938 -(% data-sider-select-id="61881d06-3f91-437c-8b64-7032dea3c970" %)
939 -= (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10. More features(%%) =
804 +== 8.5 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3. ==
940 940  
941 -(% data-sider-select-id="692f00f1-a7cc-4954-ac62-0a5dddb0a0c6" %)
942 -== (% data-sider-select-id="ec6a5e23-ba91-46d9-8042-1e4c6a7b3b36" %)10.1 Chirpstack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ==
943 943  
807 +By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
944 944  
945 -ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder is a MQTT packet forwarder for LoRa gateways. By default it forwards packets in Protobuf binary format, optionally it can be configured to use JSON encoding for debugging. In contrast to the ChirpStack Gateway Bridge, this component must always be installed on the gateway.
809 +If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
946 946  
811 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
947 947  
948 -(% data-sider-select-id="d2b54844-aad8-4198-9f17-841cd68db9b3" %)
949 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="0870eb11-ff25-47fc-9e3c-80a68bbf3933" %).1.1 Configure Packet Forwarder(%%) ===
950 950  
951 -In the Dragino web-interface, you must configure the Packet Forwarder such that it forwards to localhost on port 1700.
814 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
952 952  
953 -(% data-sider-select-id="48576a4e-42ef-4ac9-83b4-122fc10c6629" %)
954 -By default, the web-interface can be accessed by entering the following URL in your browser: (% data-sider-select-id="c2683c51-0bf8-4ac5-87be-c50edacc8f4b" %)**http:~/~/GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS**(%%) (replace GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS by the actual IP address of your gateway). The default credentials are root / dragino.
955 955  
956 -* In the **LoRaWAN** menu, click **LoRaWAN ~-~- Semtech UDP**
957 -* Configure the following settings:
958 -** **Service Provider:** //Custom / Private LoRaWAN//
959 -** **Server Address:** localhost
960 -** **Uplink Port:** 1700
961 -** **Downlink Port:** 1700
962 -* Click **Save & Apply**
817 +== 8.6 How do I view gateway logs ==
963 963  
964 -[[image:image-20240518145929-2.png||height="652" width="727"]]
819 +=== 8.6.1 LoRaWAN Log: ===
965 965  
821 +==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
966 966  
967 -(% data-sider-select-id="716df9b1-d844-4797-bce9-9b1adf49b072" %)
968 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="ffba644f-a9d5-4e93-a9da-9f9e49d596d9" %).1.2 Install ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ===
823 +When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
969 969  
825 +[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
970 970  
971 -(% data-sider-select-id="2a752131-c23e-4da4-b142-5880dd688c39" %)
972 -(% data-sider-select-id="833bbe42-c175-4e13-ab7a-c8abc30378d0" %)**SSH login**
973 973  
974 -First you must login into the gateway using SSH:
828 +==== Station Log: ====
975 975  
976 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="608a94b0-8dee-453d-9433-5fe12c6559e5" %)
977 -(((
978 -ssh root@GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS
979 -)))
830 +When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
980 980  
981 -(% data-sider-select-id="63adc977-8227-4585-ab1d-eea44a01c34c" %)
982 -The default password is: (% data-sider-select-id="5fad2844-9bd3-49e2-979b-ffd184b923cf" %)**dragino**(%%).
832 +[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
983 983  
984 984  
985 -(% data-sider-select-id="216fb9b4-6cee-4cb6-8b71-0a9cda3bd96a" %)
986 -(% data-sider-select-id="914750d6-03c5-48fe-ad27-49e99d95d877" %)**Download **(% data-sider-select-id="94e274ee-d341-40dc-8ca8-dc3c3b4c4981" %)**package**
835 +=== 8.6.2  4G Log ===
987 987  
988 -(% data-sider-select-id="f95485e3-b535-4ea2-b0aa-0c46b5254782" %)
989 -Use the following commands to download the latest version of the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder package:
837 +The user needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
990 990  
991 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="ab1338ab-a215-4185-8552-1efd6e067858" %)
839 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
992 992  (((
993 -cd /tmp
994 -wget https:~/~/artifacts.chirpstack.io/downloads/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
841 +cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
995 995  )))
996 996  
844 +[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
997 997  
998 -(% data-sider-select-id="e59f1bad-427f-47b8-bc97-a818490576c4" %)
999 -(% data-sider-select-id="1b512eaf-c564-4835-afac-548b9a6a7045" %)**Install **
1000 1000  
1001 -Use the dpkg package-manager to install the downloaded package. Example:
847 +=== 8.6.3 Dmesg Log ===
1002 1002  
1003 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="7e7ff0cf-c367-4ff0-9387-f4eb82f3c89e" %)
1004 -(((
1005 -dpkg -i chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
1006 -)))
849 +Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
1007 1007  
1008 -[[image:image-20240518152148-4.png]]
851 +[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
1009 1009  
1010 1010  
1011 -(% data-sider-select-id="69e4a485-6ea8-46e7-97a3-8666bc9423a7" %)
1012 -**Configuration**
854 +=== 8.6.4 Record Log ===
1013 1013  
1014 -To connect the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder to your MQTT broker, you must update the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder configuration file.
856 +Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
1015 1015  
1016 -(% data-sider-select-id="e98443ef-dcc1-4be1-ad3e-ec31b0a580b4" %)
1017 -This file is located at: (% data-sider-select-id="60301edc-5082-44e9-a91a-688327092116" %)**/etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml**
858 +[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
1018 1018  
1019 1019  
1020 -**ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder Setting:**
861 +=== 8.6.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command ===
1021 1021  
1022 -(% class="box" data-sider-select-id="1d70062d-64ab-410b-bd8e-476c73d5dd70" %)
1023 -(((
1024 -topic_prefix  ~-~->  This corresponds to the frequency of the ChirpStack server
863 +**Semtech UDP Log :**
1025 1025  
1026 -server  ~-~->  Fill in the ChirpStack server address, Example: tcp:~/~/10.130.2.15:1883
1027 -)))
1028 -
1029 -username,password,ca_cert,tls_cert,tls_key parameters should be set as required.
1030 -
1031 -
1032 -Use commands to modify configuration files:
1033 -
1034 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="d552b27f-cfd2-4f5a-9b7f-b627f5dd3387" %)
1035 -(((
1036 -vim /etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml
1037 -)))
1038 -
1039 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518141059-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518141059-6.png"]]
1040 -
1041 -
1042 -**(Re)start and stop commands**
1043 -
1044 -Use the following commands to (re)start and stop the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder service:
1045 -
1046 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="61c3c343-2cb9-4b07-8741-5d5da2d88ec3" %)
1047 -(((
1048 -# start
1049 -
1050 -(% data-sider-select-id="5482a31e-3aa0-403c-aec5-117839958068" %)
1051 -systemctl start chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1052 -
1053 -# stop
1054 -
1055 -systemctl stop chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1056 -
1057 -# restart
1058 -
1059 -systemctl restart chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1060 -)))
1061 -
1062 -(% data-sider-select-id="1cea423f-9653-47e6-8022-aadcb684f191" %)
1063 -(% data-sider-select-id="f385e712-68bc-48fd-8b94-67a0c7e7cb70" %)**Note: If the LPS8v2 built-in server is running, it will cause a port conflict**
1064 -
1065 -
1066 -**Check result**
1067 -
1068 -(% data-sider-select-id="43d1d40a-2620-4547-b00d-f78dd5427215" %)
1069 -Use "** journalctl -u chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder -f(% data-sider-select-id="ab74df8a-b859-4afa-9c26-d0807e860e6c" %) (%%)**" to check the operation of ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder.
1070 -
1071 -[[image:image-20240518154223-5.png]]
1072 -
1073 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518143050-8.png?width=1170&height=702&rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518143050-8.png"]]
1074 -
1075 -
1076 -== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)10.2 As a Data-only hotspot connect the helium blockchain(%%) ==
1077 -
1078 -
1079 1079  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1080 1080  (((
1081 -(% data-sider-select-id="3359233b-fcc9-4415-9bee-4151919fbb2e" %)
1082 -apt update && apt install helium-gateway
867 +**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
1083 1083  )))
1084 1084  
870 +[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
1085 1085  
1086 -== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)10.3 (%%)How does LPS8v2 filter unwanted lorawan packets ==
1087 1087  
873 +**Station Log:**
1088 1088  
1089 -This feature is to filter the unwanted LoRaWAN packets. Purpose is to save the upstream traffic especially for a 4G cellular connection.
1090 -
1091 -Please refer to the link below for specific usage：**[[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/]]**
1092 -
1093 -
1094 -= (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11. FAQ(%%) =
1095 -
1096 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9fbcac50-3c87-43d9-8611-8d311fcb7820" %)11.1 How to change Hostname(%%) ==
1097 -
1098 -
1099 -By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
1100 -
1101 1101  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1102 1102  (((
1103 -hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
877 +**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
1104 1104  )))
1105 1105  
1106 -[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
880 +[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
1107 1107  
1108 -After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
1109 1109  
883 +**Dmesg Log:**
1110 1110  
1111 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="62cdc3f4-fb6f-4e4d-92a5-60449c8b462f" %).2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack(%%) ==
1112 -
1113 -
1114 -Migrate guide:
1115 -
1116 -To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
1117 -
1118 -**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
1119 -
1120 -**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
1121 -
1122 -
1123 -=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
1124 -
1125 1125  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1126 1126  (((
1127 -wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
887 +**dmesg**
1128 1128  )))
1129 1129  
890 +[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
1130 1130  
1131 -=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
892 += 9. Trouble Shooting =
1132 1132  
1133 -Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
894 +== 9.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
1134 1134  
1135 1135  
1136 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="b2a44672-8abb-425d-a823-f2faa334cdb7" %).3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed(%%) ==
1137 -
1138 -
1139 -1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
1140 -
1141 -[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
1142 -
1143 -
1144 -2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
1145 -
1146 -[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
1147 -
1148 -
1149 -3. Disable the auto-update:
1150 -
1151 -[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
1152 -
1153 -
1154 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).4 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3.(%%) ==
1155 -
1156 -
1157 -By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
1158 -
1159 -If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
1160 -
1161 -[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
1162 -
1163 -
1164 -Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1165 -
1166 -
1167 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).5 (%%)How to check my USB port dev/tty after i plug in USB device. ==
1168 -
1169 -
1170 -When an external USB device is connected to LPS8v2, the user can access the Linux console of the LPS8v2 gateway and run the following command to check the USB port dev/tty:
1171 -
1172 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
1173 -(((
1174 -dmesg
1175 -)))
1176 -
1177 -[[image:image-20240803095144-1.png]]
1178 -
1179 -
1180 -
1181 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="82550df9-987d-4f58-9877-86a0c5e621a4" %).6 DIN Mount Reference:(%%) ==
1182 -
1183 -
1184 -[[image:image-20240318095605-1.jpeg||height="472" width="472"]]
1185 -
1186 -[[image:image-20240318095617-2.png]]
1187 -
1188 -
1189 -
1190 -
1191 -= (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12. Trouble Shooting(%%) =
1192 -
1193 -== (% data-sider-select-id="cb7a0b2f-4144-4f58-86d0-64a15944840e" %)12.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'.(%%) ==
1194 -
1195 1195  [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
1196 1196  
1197 1197  
... ... @@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@
1207 1207  [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
1208 1208  
1209 1209  
1210 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="f34b4950-25aa-4a6d-a2b4-4af0ec0010a7" %).2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem(%%) ==
912 +== 9.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
1211 1211  
1212 1212  
1213 1213  When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
... ... @@ -1215,13 +1215,13 @@
1215 1215  [[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
1216 1216  
1217 1217  
1218 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="a7b8cd40-2ec5-4b4b-8220-d32ce0a303a0" %).3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check(%%) ==
920 +== 9.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
1219 1219  
1220 1220  
1221 1221  When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
1222 1222  
1223 1223  
1224 -**~1. Check whether the configuration is correct**
926 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
1225 1225  
1226 1226  Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
1227 1227  
... ... @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@
1237 1237  If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
1238 1238  
1239 1239  
1240 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="b7eec45b-ad8c-4621-a815-f457810d25f4" %).4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response?(%%) ==
942 +== 9.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
1241 1241  
1242 1242  
1243 1243  When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
... ... @@ -1246,11 +1246,12 @@
1246 1246  [[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
1247 1247  
1248 1248  
1249 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="ac1f33b3-1f28-477d-880c-534ac36adcbe" %).5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access(%%) ==
951 +== 9.5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access ==
1250 1250  
1251 1251  
1252 1252  Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
1253 1253  
956 +
1254 1254  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1255 1255  (((
1256 1256  apt update && apt install *dragino*
... ... @@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@
1259 1259  )))
1260 1260  
1261 1261  
1262 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="0621ef51-7fc1-47ca-86ee-cc1f28f6754b" %).6  How to reset the built-in server(%%) ==
965 +== 9.6  How to reset the built-in server ==
1263 1263  
1264 1264  
1265 1265  **1) Build-in The Things Network**
... ... @@ -1275,10 +1275,9 @@
1275 1275  
1276 1276  [[image:image-20231106180846-5.png||height="310" width="668"]]
1277 1277  
981 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) =
1278 1278  
1279 -= (% data-sider-select-id="7e5e9cb1-c1dc-4ea9-a9f7-9da676c581a5" style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)13. Supports(%%) =
1280 1280  
1281 -
1282 1282  (((
1283 1283  If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
1284 1284  )))
... ... @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@
1287 1287  With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
1288 1288  
1289 1289  
1290 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f8ca68c9-99ed-4795-97c5-3d0d259131e9" %)14. Reference(%%) =
992 += 11. Reference =
1291 1291  
1292 1292  
1293 1293  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
... ... @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@
1296 1296  
1297 1297  )))
1298 1298  
1299 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a056b4ad-7d05-42b4-ad74-7a3134f8010a" %)15. Order Info(%%) =
1001 += 12. Order Info =
1300 1300  
1301 1301  
1302 1302  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@
1328 1328  More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1329 1329  
1330 1330  
1331 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a4433cd3-3bbc-4e6b-8b18-0bd2bc4d6904" %)16. Manufacturer Info(%%) =
1033 += 13. Manufacturer Info =
1332 1332  
1333 1333  
1334 1334  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
... ... @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@
1338 1338  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
1339 1339  
1340 1340  
1341 -= (% data-sider-select-id="b353afd6-b0f5-48e5-a114-3b5062cbf0d1" %)17. FCC Warning(%%) =
1043 += 14. FCC Warning =
1342 1342  
1343 1343  
1344 1344  (((
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