Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
<
From version < 326.1 >
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2024/09/02 08:55
To version < 281.1 >
edited by Xiaoye
on 2023/12/01 18:06
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Title
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1 -LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
1 +LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Author
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1 -XWiki.Kilight
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Content
... ... @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
8 8  
9 9  )))
10 10  
11 -**Table of Contents:**
11 +**Table of Contents：**
12 12  
13 13  {{toc/}}
14 14  
... ... @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
18 18  
19 19  = 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 -== (% data-sider-select-id="66d5195f-ab1f-47c7-83cb-b027d0903e53" %)1.1 What is LPS8v2(%%) ==
21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
22 22  
23 23  
24 24  (((
... ... @@ -96,11 +96,11 @@
96 96  
97 97  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
98 98  
99 - ✓  **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
100 100  
101 - ✓  **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
102 102  
103 - ✓**  SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
104 104  
105 105  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
106 106  
... ... @@ -126,13 +126,6 @@
126 126  See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: **[[How to reset the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtoresetthebuilt-inserver]]**
127 127  
128 128  
129 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
130 -
131 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
132 -
133 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
134 -
135 -
136 136  = 2. Quick Start =
137 137  
138 138  
... ... @@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
160 160  [[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
161 161  
162 162  
156 +
163 163  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
164 164  
165 165  
... ... @@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
174 174  [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]]
175 175  
176 176  
171 +
177 177  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
178 178  
179 179  
... ... @@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
205 205  [[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
206 206  
207 207  
203 +
208 208  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
209 209  
210 210  [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
... ... @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
244 244  
245 245  (% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
246 246  
247 -[[image:image-20240318160845-1.png]]
243 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
248 248  
249 249  
250 250  == 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
... ... @@ -307,9 +307,6 @@
307 307  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
308 308  
309 309  
310 -**Note: In most cases, the user simply types in the APN and checks the enable checkbox, without typing Pincode, Username, or Password settings.**
311 -
312 -
313 313  === 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
314 314  
315 315  
... ... @@ -433,41 +433,25 @@
433 433  
434 434  (((
435 435  Please see this instruction to know more detail and a demo for how to use of LoRaWAN Basic Station: __[[Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station - DRAGINO>>doc:Main.Use of LoRaWAN Basic Station.WebHome]]__
436 -
437 -
438 438  )))
439 439  
440 -== (% id="cke_bm_166450S" style="display:none" %) (%%)3.4 Forwarder ==
441 441  
442 -=== 3.4.1 Forwarder~-~->MQTT Forwarder ===
432 +== 3.4 Network Settings ==
443 443  
434 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
444 444  
445 -In the latest version, MQTT Forwarder functionality has been added to the LPS8V2 gateway by default
446 -
447 -Users can configure the MQTT Forwarder on the **Forwarder~-~->MQTT** interface, and when the configuration is successful, it will forward the sensor data of the lorawan server chirpstack built in LPS8v2
448 -
449 -For a detailed example of this feature, see this link:**[[MQTT Forward Instruction - DRAGINO>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/#H3.3A0UseLoRaWANProtocolforcommunication--ForLPS8V2]]**
450 -
451 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
452 -[[image:image-20240831152113-2.png]]
453 -
454 -
455 -== 3.5 Network Settings ==
456 -
457 -=== 3.5.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
458 -
459 459  Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface
460 460  
461 461  [[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]]
462 462  
463 463  
464 -=== 3.5.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
441 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
465 465  
466 466  
467 467  [[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
468 468  
469 469  
470 -=== 3.5.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
447 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
471 471  
472 472  
473 473  In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address.
... ... @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
475 475  [[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]]
476 476  
477 477  
478 -=== 3.5.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
455 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
479 479  
480 480  
481 481  In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar.
... ... @@ -494,21 +494,18 @@
494 494  
495 495  [[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]]
496 496  
497 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H5.MQTTForwarder" %)
498 -(% id="cke_bm_4823S" style="display:none" %)
499 499  
475 +== 3.5 System ==
500 500  
501 -== 3.6 System ==
477 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
502 502  
503 -=== 3.6.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
504 504  
505 -
506 506  Shows the system info:
507 507  
508 508  [[image:image-20231031162854-1.png]]
509 509  
510 510  
511 -=== 3.6.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
485 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
512 512  
513 513  
514 514  In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone.
... ... @@ -518,29 +518,15 @@
518 518  [[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]]
519 519  
520 520  
521 -=== 3.6.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
495 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
522 522  
523 523  
524 524  [[image:image-20231031162927-2.png]]
525 525  
526 -=== 3.6.4 System ~-~-> Reboot / Reset ===
527 527  
528 -In the **System-> Reboot / Reset** interface, users can can restart or reset the gateway.
501 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
529 529  
530 -ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
531 531  
532 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
533 -
534 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
535 -
536 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
537 -
538 -[[image:image-20240203172853-1.png||height="365" width="901"]]
539 -
540 -
541 -=== 3.6.5 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
542 -
543 -
544 544  In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
545 545  
546 546  
... ... @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
549 549  [[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
550 550  
551 551  
552 -=== 3.6.6 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
512 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
553 553  
554 554  
555 555  In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
... ... @@ -557,38 +557,6 @@
557 557  [[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
558 558  
559 559  
560 -== 3.7 Logread ==
561 -
562 -=== 3.7.1 LoRa Log ===
563 -
564 -
565 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> LoRa Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway lora channel and the status of the IoT connection
566 -
567 -[[image:image-20240416112509-1.png]]
568 -
569 -
570 -=== 3.7.2 Gateway Traffic ===
571 -
572 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Gateway Traffic page**, The users can view sensor packages about Recent LoRa uplink/downlink/Join requests
573 -
574 -[[image:image-20240416112618-2.png||height="705" width="1122"]]
575 -
576 -
577 -=== 3.7.3 System Log ===
578 -
579 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> System Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway system
580 -
581 -[[image:image-20240416112649-3.png||height="820" width="1122"]]
582 -
583 -
584 -=== 3.7.4 Record Log ===
585 -
586 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Recod Log page**, The users can record the gateway curren running log.
587 -
588 -[[image:image-20240416112712-4.png||height="319" width="1128"]]
589 -
590 -
591 -
592 592  = 4. Build-in Server =
593 593  
594 594  After the v1.7-230606 version, the LPS8-V2 default factory pre-installed the LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%), Application Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%).
... ... @@ -617,12 +617,10 @@
617 617  
618 618  
619 619  
620 -== **3). Troubleshooting:** ==
548 +== **2). Troubleshooting:** ==
621 621  
622 622  
623 -* (((
624 -=== ** If the URL does not jump properly.** ===
625 -)))
551 +=== **1. If the URL does not jump properly.** ===
626 626  
627 627   For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
628 628  
... ... @@ -629,37 +629,27 @@
629 629   For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
630 630  
631 631  
632 -* (((
633 -=== ** How to install InfluxDB, Garfana.** ===
634 -)))
558 +=== **2. How to install InfluxDB, Garfana.** ===
635 635  
636 - The LPS8V2 is not pre-installed with InfluxDB and Garfana, the users can install them, see [[InfluxDB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
560 + The LPS8V2 is not pre-installed InfluxDB and Garfana, the users can install them, see [[InfluxDB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
637 637  
638 638  
639 -* (((
640 -=== ** How to upgrade the gateway node.js to the latest version.** ===
641 -)))
563 +=== **3. How to upgade the gateway node.js to the latest version.** ===
642 642  
643 - The user can upgrade nodejs, see [[Upgrade Nodejs>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
565 + The user can upgrade nodejs, see [[Upgarde Nodejs>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
644 644  
645 645  
646 -* (((
647 -=== ** How to batch register device on the built-in Chirpstack network server** ===
648 -)))
568 +=== **4. How bath register device on the built-in Chirpstack network server** ===
649 649  
650 - The user can register devices in batch on the gateway Web UI, see [[Batch Register>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20ChirpStack/#H11.A0HowtouseChirpstackAPItobatchregisterSensorNode2FGatewayinChistapstackServer]]
570 + The user can register devices in batch on the gateway Web UI, see
651 651  
652 652  
653 -* (((
654 -=== ** Why my gateway is not Chirpstack?** ===
655 -)))
573 +=== **5. Why my gateway is not Chirpstack?** ===
656 656  
657 - After June '23, the default factory LPS8V2 pre-installed Chirpstack-V4 instead of The Things Stack, the users can migrate to Chistack-V4, see **[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
575 + After June '23, the default factory LPS8V2 pre-installed Chirpstack-V2 instead of The Things Stack, the users can migrate to Chistack-V4, see **[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
658 658  
659 659  
660 -* (((
661 -=== ** How to disable the built-in server** ===
662 -)))
578 +=== **6. How to disable the built-in server** ===
663 663  
664 664  (% class="box infomessage" %)
665 665  (((
... ... @@ -696,13 +696,11 @@
696 696  )))
697 697  
698 698  
699 -* (((
700 -=== ** How to choose the Chirpstack server frequency SubBand** ===
701 -)))
615 +=== **7. How choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand** ===
702 702  
703 -**~ ** The user has to choose a SubBand if using CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923.
617 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first.
704 704  
705 - Note: Since the subbands of the Chirpstack are counted from 0, us915_1 of the Chirpstack is equal to US915 FSB2, so if your LoRa Rdio is using the US915 FSB2 you have to choose the us915_1 as the Chirpstack FSB.
619 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2.
706 706  
707 707  [[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
708 708  
... ... @@ -710,22 +710,19 @@
710 710  When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
711 711  
712 712  
713 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding the device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
627 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
714 714  
715 715  [[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
716 716  
717 717  
718 -
719 719  = 5. Watch Dog =
720 720  
721 721  
722 -The watchdog will guard the LPS8V2 to avoid the need to perform a reboot manually after down occurs
723 -
724 -
725 725  LPS8-V2 supports the Watch Dog but is not enabled by the previous releases(2023-11-24 )
726 726  
727 727  The uses can be via the below method to enable Watch Dog:
728 728  
639 +
729 729  (% class="box infomessage" %)
730 730  (((
731 731  wget -P /tmp/ http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/watchdog/enable_watchdog.sh && chmod +x /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh && /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh
... ... @@ -734,6 +734,7 @@
734 734  [[image:image-20231124113209-1.png||height="470" width="1157"]]
735 735  
736 736  
648 +
737 737  = 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
738 738  
739 739  
... ... @@ -787,6 +787,7 @@
787 787  
788 788  1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
789 789  
702 +
790 790  (% class="box infomessage" %)
791 791  (((
792 792  **apt update && apt install *dragino***
... ... @@ -795,392 +795,149 @@
795 795  
796 796  2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
797 797  
798 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
799 799  
712 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
713 +
800 800  [[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
801 801  
802 802  
803 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f31494a0-5f58-4b5c-820e-9cb1be76d96f" %)8 How do I view gateway logs(%%) =
804 804  
805 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="2c782a3d-7138-45c4-bbdf-09c0e27ef896" %)8.1 LoRaWAN Log:(%%) ===
718 += 8. FAQ =
806 806  
720 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname ==
807 807  
808 -==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
809 809  
810 -When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
723 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
811 811  
812 -[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
813 -
814 -
815 -==== Station Log: ====
816 -
817 -When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
818 -
819 -[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
820 -
821 -
822 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="de76f982-b2e5-4327-aab4-8890814f5f53" %)8.2  4G Log(%%) ===
823 -
824 -
825 -User needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
826 -
827 827  (% class="box infomessage" %)
828 828  (((
829 -cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
727 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
830 830  )))
831 831  
832 -[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
730 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
833 833  
732 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
834 834  
835 -LPS8v2 use **quectel-CM** linux drive for dial up. The manual of this driver can be found here: [[**quectel-CM driver user manual**>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/73n2jl2c5r8h4i187to4n/Quectel_WCDMA_LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9-20190212.pdf?rlkey=j8834bw38d4neieisg54zngu9&st=kjsd4zx4&dl=0]].
836 836  
837 -Below are some commands as reference:
735 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
838 838  
839 ->Usage:  /usr/bin/quectel-CM [options]
840 -> -s [apn [user password auth]]  Set apn/user/password/auth get from your network provider. auth: 1~~pap, 2~~chap
841 -> -p pincode Verify sim card pin if sim card is locked
842 -> -p [quectel-][qmi|mbim]-proxy  Request to use proxy
843 -> -f logfilename Save log message of this program to file
844 -> -u usbmonlog filename  Save usbmon log to file
845 -> -i interface Specify which network interface to setup data call when multi-modems exits
846 -> -4 Setup IPv4 data call (default)
847 -> -6 Setup IPv6 data call
848 -> -k pdn Specify which pdn to hangup data call (by send SIGINT to 'quectel-CM -n pdn')
849 -> -m iface-idx Bind QMI data call to wwan0_<iface idx> when QMAP used. E.g '-n 7 -m 1' bind pdn-7 data call to wwan0_1
850 -> -b Enable network interface bridge function (default 0)
851 -> -v Verbose log mode, for debug purpose.[Examples]
852 ->Example 1: /usr/bin/quectel-CM
853 ->Example 2: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet
854 ->Example 3: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet -v
855 855  
738 +Migrate guide:
856 856  
740 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.**
857 857  
858 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="ec43d85c-19ec-48b0-a4fc-0ecd76f17fc4" %)8.3 Dmesg Log(%%) ===
742 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"**
859 859  
744 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]]
860 860  
861 -Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
862 862  
863 -[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
747 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"**
864 864  
749 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]]
865 865  
866 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="3a977a3e-9417-40fa-bdfb-2544a88744a9" %)8.4 Record Log(%%) ===
867 867  
752 +**4. Strat Install **
868 868  
869 -Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
754 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds
870 870  
871 -[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
756 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]]
872 872  
873 873  
874 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="b988f832-4b37-4a61-b951-ff2138ad9cba" %)8.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command(%%) ===
759 +**5.Migration complete check result**
875 875  
761 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]]
876 876  
877 -**Semtech UDP Log :**
878 878  
879 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
880 -(((
881 -**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
882 -)))
764 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]]
883 883  
884 -[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
885 885  
767 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed ==
886 886  
887 -**Station Log:**
888 888  
889 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
890 -(((
891 -**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
892 -)))
770 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
893 893  
894 -[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
772 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
895 895  
896 896  
897 -**Dmesg Log:**
775 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
898 898  
899 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
900 -(((
901 -**dmesg**
902 -)))
777 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
903 903  
904 -[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
905 905  
780 +3. Disable the auto-update:
906 906  
782 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
907 907  
908 -(% data-sider-select-id="65e92cfb-62df-4513-8469-b74edd72dea5" %)
909 -= (% data-sider-select-id="ce97a758-4348-4c0c-86eb-412b6b8d3996" %)9. More Services(%%) =
910 910  
911 -== (% data-sider-select-id="6b164b64-51ae-4144-8ffd-5cd725b3bb5f" %)9.1 NTP Service/Time Synchronization(%%) ==
785 +== 8.4 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot ==
912 912  
913 -The gateway time sync service is provided by chrony service
914 914  
915 -
916 -=== 1). Modify the NTP server address: ===
917 -
918 918  (% class="box infomessage" %)
919 919  (((
920 -Configuration file path:  /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
921 -)))
922 -
923 -
924 -=== 2). Start/Stop/Enable/Disable NTP service: ===
925 -
926 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
927 -(((
928 -systemctl start chrony
929 -\\systemctl stop chrony
930 -\\systemctl disable chrony
931 -\\systemctl enable chrony
932 -)))
933 -
934 -
935 -(% data-sider-select-id="61881d06-3f91-437c-8b64-7032dea3c970" %)
936 -= (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10. More features(%%) =
937 -
938 -(% data-sider-select-id="692f00f1-a7cc-4954-ac62-0a5dddb0a0c6" %)
939 -== (% data-sider-select-id="ec6a5e23-ba91-46d9-8042-1e4c6a7b3b36" %)10.1 Chirpstack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ==
940 -
941 -
942 -ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder is a MQTT packet forwarder for LoRa gateways. By default it forwards packets in Protobuf binary format, optionally it can be configured to use JSON encoding for debugging. In contrast to the ChirpStack Gateway Bridge, this component must always be installed on the gateway.
943 -
944 -
945 -(% data-sider-select-id="d2b54844-aad8-4198-9f17-841cd68db9b3" %)
946 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="0870eb11-ff25-47fc-9e3c-80a68bbf3933" %).1.1 Configure Packet Forwarder(%%) ===
947 -
948 -In the Dragino web-interface, you must configure the Packet Forwarder such that it forwards to localhost on port 1700.
949 -
950 -(% data-sider-select-id="48576a4e-42ef-4ac9-83b4-122fc10c6629" %)
951 -By default, the web-interface can be accessed by entering the following URL in your browser: (% data-sider-select-id="c2683c51-0bf8-4ac5-87be-c50edacc8f4b" %)**http:~/~/GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS**(%%) (replace GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS by the actual IP address of your gateway). The default credentials are root / dragino.
952 -
953 -* In the **LoRaWAN** menu, click **LoRaWAN ~-~- Semtech UDP**
954 -* Configure the following settings:
955 -** **Service Provider:** //Custom / Private LoRaWAN//
956 -** **Server Address:** localhost
957 -** **Uplink Port:** 1700
958 -** **Downlink Port:** 1700
959 -* Click **Save & Apply**
960 -
961 -[[image:image-20240518145929-2.png||height="652" width="727"]]
962 -
963 -
964 -(% data-sider-select-id="716df9b1-d844-4797-bce9-9b1adf49b072" %)
965 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="ffba644f-a9d5-4e93-a9da-9f9e49d596d9" %).1.2 Install ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ===
966 -
967 -
968 -(% data-sider-select-id="2a752131-c23e-4da4-b142-5880dd688c39" %)
969 -(% data-sider-select-id="833bbe42-c175-4e13-ab7a-c8abc30378d0" %)**SSH login**
970 -
971 -First you must login into the gateway using SSH:
972 -
973 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="608a94b0-8dee-453d-9433-5fe12c6559e5" %)
974 -(((
975 -ssh root@GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS
976 -)))
977 -
978 -(% data-sider-select-id="63adc977-8227-4585-ab1d-eea44a01c34c" %)
979 -The default password is: (% data-sider-select-id="5fad2844-9bd3-49e2-979b-ffd184b923cf" %)**dragino**(%%).
980 -
981 -
982 -(% data-sider-select-id="216fb9b4-6cee-4cb6-8b71-0a9cda3bd96a" %)
983 -(% data-sider-select-id="914750d6-03c5-48fe-ad27-49e99d95d877" %)**Download **(% data-sider-select-id="94e274ee-d341-40dc-8ca8-dc3c3b4c4981" %)**package**
984 -
985 -(% data-sider-select-id="f95485e3-b535-4ea2-b0aa-0c46b5254782" %)
986 -Use the following commands to download the latest version of the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder package:
987 -
988 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="ab1338ab-a215-4185-8552-1efd6e067858" %)
989 -(((
990 -cd /tmp
991 -wget https:~/~/artifacts.chirpstack.io/downloads/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
992 -)))
993 -
994 -
995 -(% data-sider-select-id="e59f1bad-427f-47b8-bc97-a818490576c4" %)
996 -(% data-sider-select-id="1b512eaf-c564-4835-afac-548b9a6a7045" %)**Install **
997 -
998 -Use the dpkg package-manager to install the downloaded package. Example:
999 -
1000 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="7e7ff0cf-c367-4ff0-9387-f4eb82f3c89e" %)
1001 -(((
1002 -dpkg -i chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
1003 -)))
1004 -
1005 -[[image:image-20240518152148-4.png]]
1006 -
1007 -
1008 -(% data-sider-select-id="69e4a485-6ea8-46e7-97a3-8666bc9423a7" %)
1009 -**Configuration**
1010 -
1011 -To connect the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder to your MQTT broker, you must update the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder configuration file.
1012 -
1013 -(% data-sider-select-id="e98443ef-dcc1-4be1-ad3e-ec31b0a580b4" %)
1014 -This file is located at: (% data-sider-select-id="60301edc-5082-44e9-a91a-688327092116" %)**/etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml**
1015 -
1016 -
1017 -**ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder Setting:**
1018 -
1019 -(% class="box" data-sider-select-id="1d70062d-64ab-410b-bd8e-476c73d5dd70" %)
1020 -(((
1021 -topic_prefix  ~-~->  This corresponds to the frequency of the ChirpStack server
1022 -
1023 -server  ~-~->  Fill in the ChirpStack server address, Example: tcp:~/~/10.130.2.15:1883
1024 -)))
1025 -
1026 -username,password,ca_cert,tls_cert,tls_key parameters should be set as required.
1027 -
1028 -
1029 -Use commands to modify configuration files:
1030 -
1031 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="d552b27f-cfd2-4f5a-9b7f-b627f5dd3387" %)
1032 -(((
1033 -vim /etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml
1034 -)))
1035 -
1036 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518141059-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518141059-6.png"]]
1037 -
1038 -
1039 -**(Re)start and stop commands**
1040 -
1041 -Use the following commands to (re)start and stop the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder service:
1042 -
1043 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="61c3c343-2cb9-4b07-8741-5d5da2d88ec3" %)
1044 -(((
1045 -# start
1046 -
1047 -(% data-sider-select-id="5482a31e-3aa0-403c-aec5-117839958068" %)
1048 -systemctl start chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1049 -
1050 -# stop
1051 -
1052 -systemctl stop chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1053 -
1054 -# restart
1055 -
1056 -systemctl restart chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1057 -)))
1058 -
1059 -(% data-sider-select-id="1cea423f-9653-47e6-8022-aadcb684f191" %)
1060 -(% data-sider-select-id="f385e712-68bc-48fd-8b94-67a0c7e7cb70" %)**Note: If the LPS8v2 built-in server is running, it will cause a port conflict**
1061 -
1062 -
1063 -**Check result**
1064 -
1065 -(% data-sider-select-id="43d1d40a-2620-4547-b00d-f78dd5427215" %)
1066 -Use "** journalctl -u chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder -f(% data-sider-select-id="ab74df8a-b859-4afa-9c26-d0807e860e6c" %) (%%)**" to check the operation of ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder.
1067 -
1068 -[[image:image-20240518154223-5.png]]
1069 -
1070 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518143050-8.png?width=1170&height=702&rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518143050-8.png"]]
1071 -
1072 -
1073 -== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)10.2 As a Data-only hotspot connect the helium blockchain(%%) ==
1074 -
1075 -
1076 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
1077 -(((
1078 -(% data-sider-select-id="3359233b-fcc9-4415-9bee-4151919fbb2e" %)
1079 1079  apt update && apt install helium-gateway
1080 1080  )))
1081 1081  
1082 1082  
794 +== 8.5 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3. ==
1083 1083  
1084 -= (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11. FAQ(%%) =
1085 1085  
1086 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9fbcac50-3c87-43d9-8611-8d311fcb7820" %)11.1 How to change Hostname(%%) ==
797 +By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
1087 1087  
799 +If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
1088 1088  
1089 -By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
801 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
1090 1090  
1091 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
1092 -(((
1093 -hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
1094 -)))
1095 1095  
1096 -[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
1097 -
1098 -After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
1099 -
1100 -
1101 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="62cdc3f4-fb6f-4e4d-92a5-60449c8b462f" %).2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack(%%) ==
1102 -
1103 -
1104 -Migrate guide:
1105 -
1106 -To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
1107 -
1108 -**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
1109 -
1110 -**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
1111 -
1112 -
1113 -=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
1114 -
1115 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
1116 -(((
1117 -wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
1118 -)))
1119 -
1120 -
1121 -=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
1122 -
1123 1123  Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1124 1124  
1125 1125  
1126 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="b2a44672-8abb-425d-a823-f2faa334cdb7" %).3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed(%%) ==
807 +== 8.6 How do I view gateway logs ==
1127 1127  
809 +=== 8.6.1 LoRaWAN Log: ===
1128 1128  
1129 -1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
811 +==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
1130 1130  
1131 -[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
813 +When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
1132 1132  
815 +[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
1133 1133  
1134 -2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
1135 1135  
1136 -[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
818 +==== Station Log: ====
1137 1137  
820 +When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
1138 1138  
1139 -3. Disable the auto-update:
822 +[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
1140 1140  
1141 -[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
1142 1142  
825 +=== 8.6.2  4G Log ===
1143 1143  
1144 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).4 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3.(%%) ==
827 +The user needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
1145 1145  
1146 -
1147 -By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
1148 -
1149 -If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
1150 -
1151 -[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
1152 -
1153 -
1154 -Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1155 -
1156 -
1157 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).5 (%%)How to check my USB port dev/tty after i plug in USB device. ==
1158 -
1159 -
1160 -When an external USB device is connected to LPS8v2, the user can access the Linux console of the LPS8v2 gateway and run the following command to check the USB port dev/tty:
1161 -
1162 1162  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1163 1163  (((
1164 -dmesg
831 +cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
1165 1165  )))
1166 1166  
1167 -[[image:image-20240803095144-1.png]]
834 +[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
1168 1168  
836 +=== 8.6.3 Dmesg Log ===
1169 1169  
838 +Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
1170 1170  
1171 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="82550df9-987d-4f58-9877-86a0c5e621a4" %).6 DIN Mount Reference:(%%) ==
840 +[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
1172 1172  
1173 1173  
1174 -[[image:image-20240318095605-1.jpeg||height="472" width="472"]]
843 +=== 8.6.4 Record Log ===
1175 1175  
1176 -[[image:image-20240318095617-2.png]]
845 +Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
1177 1177  
847 +[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
1178 1178  
1179 1179  
850 += 9. Trouble Shooting =
1180 1180  
1181 -= (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12. Trouble Shooting(%%) =
852 +== 9.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
1182 1182  
1183 -== (% data-sider-select-id="cb7a0b2f-4144-4f58-86d0-64a15944840e" %)12.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'.(%%) ==
1184 1184  
1185 1185  [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
1186 1186  
... ... @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
1197 1197  [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
1198 1198  
1199 1199  
1200 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="f34b4950-25aa-4a6d-a2b4-4af0ec0010a7" %).2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem(%%) ==
870 +== 9.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
1201 1201  
1202 1202  
1203 1203  When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
... ... @@ -1205,13 +1205,13 @@
1205 1205  [[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
1206 1206  
1207 1207  
1208 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="a7b8cd40-2ec5-4b4b-8220-d32ce0a303a0" %).3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check(%%) ==
878 +== 9.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
1209 1209  
1210 1210  
1211 1211  When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
1212 1212  
1213 1213  
1214 -**~1. Check whether the configuration is correct**
884 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
1215 1215  
1216 1216  Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
1217 1217  
... ... @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
1227 1227  If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
1228 1228  
1229 1229  
1230 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="b7eec45b-ad8c-4621-a815-f457810d25f4" %).4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response?(%%) ==
900 +== 9.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
1231 1231  
1232 1232  
1233 1233  When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
... ... @@ -1236,11 +1236,12 @@
1236 1236  [[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
1237 1237  
1238 1238  
1239 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="ac1f33b3-1f28-477d-880c-534ac36adcbe" %).5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access(%%) ==
909 +== 9.5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access ==
1240 1240  
1241 1241  
1242 1242  Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
1243 1243  
914 +
1244 1244  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1245 1245  (((
1246 1246  apt update && apt install *dragino*
... ... @@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@
1249 1249  )))
1250 1250  
1251 1251  
1252 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="0621ef51-7fc1-47ca-86ee-cc1f28f6754b" %).6  How to reset the built-in server(%%) ==
923 +== 9.6  How to reset the built-in server ==
1253 1253  
1254 1254  
1255 1255  **1) Build-in The Things Network**
... ... @@ -1265,10 +1265,9 @@
1265 1265  
1266 1266  [[image:image-20231106180846-5.png||height="310" width="668"]]
1267 1267  
939 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) =
1268 1268  
1269 -= (% data-sider-select-id="7e5e9cb1-c1dc-4ea9-a9f7-9da676c581a5" style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)13. Supports(%%) =
1270 1270  
1271 -
1272 1272  (((
1273 1273  If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
1274 1274  )))
... ... @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@
1277 1277  With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
1278 1278  
1279 1279  
1280 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f8ca68c9-99ed-4795-97c5-3d0d259131e9" %)14. Reference(%%) =
950 += 11. Reference =
1281 1281  
1282 1282  
1283 1283  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
... ... @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@
1286 1286  
1287 1287  )))
1288 1288  
1289 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a056b4ad-7d05-42b4-ad74-7a3134f8010a" %)15. Order Info(%%) =
959 += 12. Order Info =
1290 1290  
1291 1291  
1292 1292  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@
1318 1318  More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1319 1319  
1320 1320  
1321 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a4433cd3-3bbc-4e6b-8b18-0bd2bc4d6904" %)16. Manufacturer Info(%%) =
991 += 13. Manufacturer Info =
1322 1322  
1323 1323  
1324 1324  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
... ... @@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@
1328 1328  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
1329 1329  
1330 1330  
1331 -= (% data-sider-select-id="b353afd6-b0f5-48e5-a114-3b5062cbf0d1" %)17. FCC Warning(%%) =
1001 += 14. FCC Warning =
1332 1332  
1333 1333  
1334 1334  (((
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