Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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From version < 316.1 >
edited by Kilight Cao
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edited by Kilight Cao
on 2023/11/08 16:23
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Title
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1 -LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
1 +LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Content
... ... @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
8 8  
9 9  )))
10 10  
11 -**Table of Contents:**
11 +**Table of Contents：**
12 12  
13 13  {{toc/}}
14 14  
... ... @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
18 18  
19 19  = 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 -== (% data-sider-select-id="66d5195f-ab1f-47c7-83cb-b027d0903e53" %)1.1 What is LPS8v2(%%) ==
21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
22 22  
23 23  
24 24  (((
... ... @@ -96,11 +96,11 @@
96 96  
97 97  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
98 98  
99 - ✓  **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
99 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
100 100  
101 - ✓  **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
101 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
102 102  
103 - ✓**  SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
103 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
104 104  
105 105  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
106 106  
... ... @@ -126,13 +126,6 @@
126 126  See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: **[[How to reset the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtoresetthebuilt-inserver]]**
127 127  
128 128  
129 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
130 -
131 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
132 -
133 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
134 -
135 -
136 136  = 2. Quick Start =
137 137  
138 138  
... ... @@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
160 160  [[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
161 161  
162 162  
156 +
163 163  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
164 164  
165 165  
... ... @@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
174 174  [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]]
175 175  
176 176  
171 +
177 177  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
178 178  
179 179  
... ... @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
197 197  
198 198  Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]**
199 199  
200 -If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.3A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
195 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
201 201  
202 202  
203 203  3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
... ... @@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
205 205  [[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
206 206  
207 207  
203 +
208 208  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
209 209  
210 210  [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
... ... @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
244 244  
245 245  (% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
246 246  
247 -[[image:image-20240318160845-1.png]]
243 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
248 248  
249 249  
250 250  == 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
... ... @@ -307,9 +307,6 @@
307 307  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
308 308  
309 309  
310 -**Note: In most cases, the user simply types in the APN and checks the enable checkbox, without typing Pincode, Username, or Password settings.**
311 -
312 -
313 313  === 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
314 314  
315 315  
... ... @@ -504,24 +504,10 @@
504 504  
505 505  [[image:image-20231031162927-2.png]]
506 506  
507 -=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Reboot / Reset ===
508 508  
509 -In the **System-> Reboot / Reset** interface, users can can restart or reset the gateway.
501 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
510 510  
511 -ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
512 512  
513 -When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
514 -
515 -The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
516 -
517 -The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
518 -
519 -[[image:image-20240203172853-1.png||height="365" width="901"]]
520 -
521 -
522 -=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
523 -
524 -
525 525  In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
526 526  
527 527  
... ... @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
530 530  [[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
531 531  
532 532  
533 -=== 3.5.6 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
512 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
534 534  
535 535  
536 536  In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
... ... @@ -538,114 +538,102 @@
538 538  [[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
539 539  
540 540  
541 -== 3.5 Logread ==
520 += 4. Build-in Server =
542 542  
543 -=== 3.5.1 LoRa Log ===
544 544  
523 +Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%).
545 545  
546 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> LoRa Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway lora channel and the status of the IoT connection
525 +[[image:image-20231106180816-4.png||height="416" width="896"]]
547 547  
548 -[[image:image-20240416112509-1.png]]
527 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
549 549  
550 550  
551 -=== 3.5.2 Gateway Traffic ===
552 552  
553 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Gateway Traffic page**, The users can view sensor packages about Recent LoRa uplink/downlink/Join requests
531 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
554 554  
555 -[[image:image-20240416112618-2.png||height="705" width="1122"]]
533 + **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server
556 556  
535 + Server ~-~-> Application Server
557 557  
558 -=== 3.5.3 System Log ===
559 559  
560 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> System Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway system
538 +**Troubleshooting:**
561 561  
562 -[[image:image-20240416112649-3.png||height="820" width="1122"]]
563 563  
541 +**~ 1. URL does not jump properly**
564 564  
565 -=== 3.5.4 Record Log ===
543 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
566 566  
567 -In the **Lograde ~-~-> Recod Log page**, The users can record the gateway curren running log.
545 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
568 568  
569 -[[image:image-20240416112712-4.png||height="319" width="1128"]]
570 570  
548 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- ChirpStack ==
571 571  
572 572  
573 -= 4. Build-in Server =
551 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
574 574  
575 -After the v1.7-230606 version, the LPS8-V2 default factory pre-installed the LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%), Application Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%).
553 +Such as  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
576 576  
577 577  
578 -== 1). LoRaWAN Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%) ==
556 +Login account:
579 579  
580 -[[image:image-20231106180816-4.png||height="416" width="896"]]
558 +**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin**
581 581  
582 -[[image:image-20231201165904-1.png||height="466" width="899"]]
560 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)**
583 583  
584 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)ChirpStack-V4 (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button, and the login account: admin/admin(%%)**
562 +[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]]
585 585  
586 -For more information on server operations see [[Register LPSV2 to the built-in Chirpstack>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
587 587  
588 588  
566 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack ===
589 589  
590 -== 2). Application Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%) ==
591 591  
569 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply"
592 592  
593 -[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
571 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
594 594  
595 -[[image:image-20231201170355-2.png||height="536" width="899"]]
573 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]]
596 596  
597 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)Node-RED (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button(%%)**
598 598  
576 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red ==
599 599  
600 600  
601 -== **3). Troubleshooting:** ==
579 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
602 602  
603 603  
604 -* (((
605 -=== ** If the URL does not jump properly.** ===
606 -)))
582 +Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
607 607  
608 - For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
609 609  
610 - For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
585 +[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]]
611 611  
612 612  
613 -* (((
614 -=== ** How to install InfluxDB, Garfana.** ===
615 -)))
616 616  
617 - The LPS8V2 is not pre-installed with InfluxDB and Garfana, the users can install them, see [[InfluxDB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
589 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** ===
618 618  
591 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed.
619 619  
620 -* (((
621 -=== ** How to upgrade the gateway node.js to the latest version.** ===
622 -)))
623 623  
624 - The user can upgrade nodejs, see [[Upgrade Nodejs>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
594 +the users can refer to this link to install them.
625 625  
596 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
626 626  
627 -* (((
628 -=== ** How to batch register device on the built-in Chirpstack network server** ===
629 -)))
630 630  
631 - The user can register devices in batch on the gateway Web UI, see [[Batch Register>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20ChirpStack/#H11.A0HowtouseChirpstackAPItobatchregisterSensorNode2FGatewayinChistapstackServer]]
599 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** ===
632 632  
601 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
633 633  
634 -* (((
635 -=== ** Why my gateway is not Chirpstack?** ===
636 -)))
637 637  
638 - After June '23, the default factory LPS8V2 pre-installed Chirpstack-V4 instead of The Things Stack, the users can migrate to Chistack-V4, see **[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
604 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them.
639 639  
606 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
640 640  
641 -* (((
642 -=== ** How to disable the built-in server** ===
643 -)))
644 644  
609 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server ==
610 +
611 +
612 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:
613 +
645 645  (% class="box infomessage" %)
646 646  (((
647 -Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:**     **
648 -
649 649  **# start**
650 650  systemctl start ttnstack
651 651  
... ... @@ -659,10 +659,10 @@
659 659  systemctl disable ttnstack
660 660  )))
661 661  
662 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
663 -(((
664 664  Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
665 665  
631 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
632 +(((
666 666  **# start**
667 667  systemctl start nodered
668 668  
... ... @@ -677,40 +677,36 @@
677 677  )))
678 678  
679 679  
680 -* (((
681 -=== ** How to choose the Chirpstack server frequency SubBand** ===
682 -)))
647 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 ==
683 683  
684 -**~ ** The user has to choose a SubBand if using CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923.
685 685  
686 - Note: Since the subbands of the Chirpstack are counted from 0, us915_1 of the Chirpstack is equal to US915 FSB2, so if your LoRa Rdio is using the US915 FSB2 you have to choose the us915_1 as the Chirpstack FSB.
650 +The newly shipout LPS8v2 already have ChirpStack built-in by default. Older units might have built-in TTN Stack v3 server, in this case, user can change from TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack by below instruction.
687 687  
688 -[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
652 +**[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
689 689  
690 690  
691 -When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
655 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand ===
692 692  
693 693  
694 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding the device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
658 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first.
695 695  
696 -[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
660 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2.
697 697  
662 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
698 698  
699 -= 5. Watch Dog =
700 700  
665 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
701 701  
702 -LPS8-V2 supports the Watch Dog but is not enabled by the previous releases(2023-11-24 )
703 703  
704 -The uses can be via the below method to enable Watch Dog:
668 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
705 705  
706 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
707 -(((
708 -wget -P /tmp/ http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/watchdog/enable_watchdog.sh && chmod +x /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh && /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh
709 -)))
670 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
710 710  
711 -[[image:image-20231124113209-1.png||height="470" width="1157"]]
712 712  
673 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge =
713 713  
675 +
676 +
714 714  = 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
715 715  
716 716  
... ... @@ -764,6 +764,7 @@
764 764  
765 765  1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
766 766  
730 +
767 767  (% class="box infomessage" %)
768 768  (((
769 769  **apt update && apt install *dragino***
... ... @@ -772,378 +772,141 @@
772 772  
773 773  2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
774 774  
775 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
776 776  
740 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
741 +
777 777  [[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
778 778  
779 779  
780 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f31494a0-5f58-4b5c-820e-9cb1be76d96f" %)8 How do I view gateway logs(%%) =
781 781  
782 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="2c782a3d-7138-45c4-bbdf-09c0e27ef896" %)8.1 LoRaWAN Log:(%%) ===
746 += 8. FAQ =
783 783  
748 +== 8.1 How to change Hostname ==
784 784  
785 -==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
786 786  
787 -When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
751 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
788 788  
789 -[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
790 -
791 -
792 -==== Station Log: ====
793 -
794 -When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
795 -
796 -[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
797 -
798 -
799 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="de76f982-b2e5-4327-aab4-8890814f5f53" %)8.2  4G Log(%%) ===
800 -
801 -
802 -User needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
803 -
804 804  (% class="box infomessage" %)
805 805  (((
806 -cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
755 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
807 807  )))
808 808  
809 -[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
758 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
810 810  
760 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
811 811  
812 -LPS8v2 use **quectel-CM** linux drive for dial up. The manual of this driver can be found here: [[**quectel-CM driver user manual**>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/73n2jl2c5r8h4i187to4n/Quectel_WCDMA_LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9-20190212.pdf?rlkey=j8834bw38d4neieisg54zngu9&st=kjsd4zx4&dl=0]].
813 813  
814 -Below are some commands as reference:
763 +== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
815 815  
816 ->Usage:  /usr/bin/quectel-CM [options]
817 -> -s [apn [user password auth]]  Set apn/user/password/auth get from your network provider. auth: 1~~pap, 2~~chap
818 -> -p pincode Verify sim card pin if sim card is locked
819 -> -p [quectel-][qmi|mbim]-proxy  Request to use proxy
820 -> -f logfilename Save log message of this program to file
821 -> -u usbmonlog filename  Save usbmon log to file
822 -> -i interface Specify which network interface to setup data call when multi-modems exits
823 -> -4 Setup IPv4 data call (default)
824 -> -6 Setup IPv6 data call
825 -> -k pdn Specify which pdn to hangup data call (by send SIGINT to 'quectel-CM -n pdn')
826 -> -m iface-idx Bind QMI data call to wwan0_<iface idx> when QMAP used. E.g '-n 7 -m 1' bind pdn-7 data call to wwan0_1
827 -> -b Enable network interface bridge function (default 0)
828 -> -v Verbose log mode, for debug purpose.[Examples]
829 ->Example 1: /usr/bin/quectel-CM
830 ->Example 2: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet
831 ->Example 3: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet -v
832 832  
766 +Migrate guide:
833 833  
768 +**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.**
834 834  
835 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="ec43d85c-19ec-48b0-a4fc-0ecd76f17fc4" %)8.3 Dmesg Log(%%) ===
770 +**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"**
836 836  
772 +[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]]
837 837  
838 -Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
839 839  
840 -[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
775 +**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"**
841 841  
777 +[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]]
842 842  
843 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="3a977a3e-9417-40fa-bdfb-2544a88744a9" %)8.4 Record Log(%%) ===
844 844  
780 +**4. Strat Install **
845 845  
846 -Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
782 +Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds
847 847  
848 -[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
784 +[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]]
849 849  
850 850  
851 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="b988f832-4b37-4a61-b951-ff2138ad9cba" %)8.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command(%%) ===
787 +**5.Migration complete check result**
852 852  
789 +[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]]
853 853  
854 -**Semtech UDP Log :**
855 855  
856 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
857 -(((
858 -**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
859 -)))
792 +[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]]
860 860  
861 -[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
862 862  
795 +== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed ==
863 863  
864 -**Station Log:**
865 865  
866 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
867 -(((
868 -**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
869 -)))
798 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
870 870  
871 -[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
800 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
872 872  
873 873  
874 -**Dmesg Log:**
803 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
875 875  
876 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
877 -(((
878 -**dmesg**
879 -)))
805 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
880 880  
881 -[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
882 882  
808 +3. Disable the auto-update:
883 883  
810 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
884 884  
885 -(% data-sider-select-id="65e92cfb-62df-4513-8469-b74edd72dea5" %)
886 -= (% data-sider-select-id="ce97a758-4348-4c0c-86eb-412b6b8d3996" %)9. More Services(%%) =
887 887  
888 -== (% data-sider-select-id="6b164b64-51ae-4144-8ffd-5cd725b3bb5f" %)9.1 NTP Service/Time Synchronization(%%) ==
813 +== 8.4 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot ==
889 889  
890 -The gateway time sync service is provided by chrony service
891 891  
892 -
893 -=== 1). Modify the NTP server address: ===
894 -
895 895  (% class="box infomessage" %)
896 896  (((
897 -Configuration file path:  /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
898 -)))
899 -
900 -
901 -=== 2). Start/Stop/Enable/Disable NTP service: ===
902 -
903 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
904 -(((
905 -systemctl start chrony
906 -\\systemctl stop chrony
907 -\\systemctl disable chrony
908 -\\systemctl enable chrony
909 -)))
910 -
911 -
912 -== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)9.2 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot(%%) ==
913 -
914 -
915 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
916 -(((
917 -(% data-sider-select-id="3359233b-fcc9-4415-9bee-4151919fbb2e" %)
918 918  apt update && apt install helium-gateway
919 919  )))
920 920  
921 921  
922 -(% data-sider-select-id="61881d06-3f91-437c-8b64-7032dea3c970" %)
923 -= (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10. More features(%%) =
822 +== 8.5 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3. ==
924 924  
925 -(% data-sider-select-id="692f00f1-a7cc-4954-ac62-0a5dddb0a0c6" %)
926 -== (% data-sider-select-id="ec6a5e23-ba91-46d9-8042-1e4c6a7b3b36" %)10.1 How does the gateway connect to Chirpstack via MQTT Forwarder(%%) ==
927 927  
928 928  
929 -ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder is a MQTT packet forwarder for LoRa gateways. By default it forwards packets in Protobuf binary format, optionally it can be configured to use JSON encoding for debugging. In contrast to the ChirpStack Gateway Bridge, this component must always be installed on the gateway.
826 +== 8.6 How do I view gateway logs ==
930 930  
828 +=== 8.6.1 LoRaWAN Log: ===
931 931  
932 -(% data-sider-select-id="d2b54844-aad8-4198-9f17-841cd68db9b3" %)
933 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="0870eb11-ff25-47fc-9e3c-80a68bbf3933" %).1.1 Configure Packet Forwarder(%%) ===
830 +==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
934 934  
935 -In the Dragino web-interface, you must configure the Packet Forwarder such that it forwards to localhost on port 1700.
832 +When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
936 936  
937 -(% data-sider-select-id="48576a4e-42ef-4ac9-83b4-122fc10c6629" %)
938 -By default, the web-interface can be accessed by entering the following URL in your browser: (% data-sider-select-id="c2683c51-0bf8-4ac5-87be-c50edacc8f4b" %)**http:~/~/GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS**(%%) (replace GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS by the actual IP address of your gateway). The default credentials are root / dragino.
834 +[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
939 939  
940 -* In the **LoRaWAN** menu, click **LoRaWAN ~-~- Semtech UDP**
941 -* Configure the following settings:
942 -** **Service Provider:** //Custom / Private LoRaWAN//
943 -** **Server Address:** localhost
944 -** **Uplink Port:** 1700
945 -** **Downlink Port:** 1700
946 -* Click **Save & Apply**
947 947  
948 -[[image:image-20240518145929-2.png||height="652" width="727"]]
837 +==== Station Log: ====
949 949  
839 +When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
950 950  
951 -(% data-sider-select-id="716df9b1-d844-4797-bce9-9b1adf49b072" %)
952 -=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="ffba644f-a9d5-4e93-a9da-9f9e49d596d9" %).1.2 Install ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ===
841 +[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
953 953  
954 954  
955 -(% data-sider-select-id="2a752131-c23e-4da4-b142-5880dd688c39" %)
956 -(% data-sider-select-id="833bbe42-c175-4e13-ab7a-c8abc30378d0" %)**SSH login**
844 +=== 8.6.2  4G Log ===
957 957  
958 -First you must login into the gateway using SSH:
846 +The user needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
959 959  
960 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="608a94b0-8dee-453d-9433-5fe12c6559e5" %)
961 -(((
962 -ssh root@GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS
963 -)))
964 -
965 -(% data-sider-select-id="63adc977-8227-4585-ab1d-eea44a01c34c" %)
966 -The default password is: (% data-sider-select-id="5fad2844-9bd3-49e2-979b-ffd184b923cf" %)**dragino**(%%).
967 -
968 -
969 -(% data-sider-select-id="216fb9b4-6cee-4cb6-8b71-0a9cda3bd96a" %)
970 -(% data-sider-select-id="914750d6-03c5-48fe-ad27-49e99d95d877" %)**Download **(% data-sider-select-id="94e274ee-d341-40dc-8ca8-dc3c3b4c4981" %)**package**
971 -
972 -(% data-sider-select-id="f95485e3-b535-4ea2-b0aa-0c46b5254782" %)
973 -Use the following commands to download the latest version of the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder package:
974 -
975 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="ab1338ab-a215-4185-8552-1efd6e067858" %)
976 -(((
977 -cd /tmp
978 -wget https:~/~/artifacts.chirpstack.io/downloads/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
979 -)))
980 -
981 -
982 -(% data-sider-select-id="e59f1bad-427f-47b8-bc97-a818490576c4" %)
983 -(% data-sider-select-id="1b512eaf-c564-4835-afac-548b9a6a7045" %)**Install **
984 -
985 -Use the dpkg package-manager to install the downloaded package. Example:
986 -
987 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="7e7ff0cf-c367-4ff0-9387-f4eb82f3c89e" %)
988 -(((
989 -dpkg -i chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
990 -)))
991 -
992 -[[image:image-20240518152148-4.png]]
993 -
994 -
995 -(% data-sider-select-id="69e4a485-6ea8-46e7-97a3-8666bc9423a7" %)
996 -**Configuration**
997 -
998 -To connect the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder to your MQTT broker, you must update the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder configuration file.
999 -
1000 -(% data-sider-select-id="e98443ef-dcc1-4be1-ad3e-ec31b0a580b4" %)
1001 -This file is located at: (% data-sider-select-id="60301edc-5082-44e9-a91a-688327092116" %)**/etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml**
1002 -
1003 -
1004 -**ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder Setting:**
1005 -
1006 -(% class="box" data-sider-select-id="1d70062d-64ab-410b-bd8e-476c73d5dd70" %)
1007 -(((
1008 -topic_prefix  ~-~->  This corresponds to the frequency of the ChirpStack server
1009 -
1010 -server  ~-~->  Fill in the ChirpStack server address, Example: tcp:~/~/10.130.2.15:1883
1011 -)))
1012 -
1013 -username,password,ca_cert,tls_cert,tls_key parameters should be set as required.
1014 -
1015 -
1016 -Use commands to modify configuration files:
1017 -
1018 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="d552b27f-cfd2-4f5a-9b7f-b627f5dd3387" %)
1019 -(((
1020 -vim /etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml
1021 -)))
1022 -
1023 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518141059-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518141059-6.png"]]
1024 -
1025 -
1026 -**(Re)start and stop commands**
1027 -
1028 -Use the following commands to (re)start and stop the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder service:
1029 -
1030 -(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="61c3c343-2cb9-4b07-8741-5d5da2d88ec3" %)
1031 -(((
1032 -# start
1033 -
1034 -(% data-sider-select-id="5482a31e-3aa0-403c-aec5-117839958068" %)
1035 -systemctl start chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1036 -
1037 -# stop
1038 -
1039 -systemctl stop chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1040 -
1041 -# restart
1042 -
1043 -systemctl restart chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1044 -)))
1045 -
1046 -(% data-sider-select-id="1cea423f-9653-47e6-8022-aadcb684f191" %)
1047 -(% data-sider-select-id="f385e712-68bc-48fd-8b94-67a0c7e7cb70" %)**Note: If the LPS8v2 built-in server is running, it will cause a port conflict**
1048 -
1049 -
1050 -**Check result**
1051 -
1052 -(% data-sider-select-id="43d1d40a-2620-4547-b00d-f78dd5427215" %)
1053 -Use "** journalctl -u chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder -f(% data-sider-select-id="ab74df8a-b859-4afa-9c26-d0807e860e6c" %) (%%)**" to check the operation of ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder.
1054 -
1055 -[[image:image-20240518154223-5.png]]
1056 -
1057 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518143050-8.png?width=1170&height=702&rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518143050-8.png"]]
1058 -
1059 -
1060 -= (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11. FAQ(%%) =
1061 -
1062 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9fbcac50-3c87-43d9-8611-8d311fcb7820" %)11.1 How to change Hostname(%%) ==
1063 -
1064 -
1065 -By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
1066 -
1067 1067  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1068 1068  (((
1069 -hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
850 +cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
1070 1070  )))
1071 1071  
1072 -[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
853 +[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
1073 1073  
1074 -After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
855 +=== 8.6.3 Dmesg Log ===
1075 1075  
857 +Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
1076 1076  
1077 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="62cdc3f4-fb6f-4e4d-92a5-60449c8b462f" %).2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack(%%) ==
859 +[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
1078 1078  
1079 1079  
1080 -Migrate guide:
862 +=== 8.6.4 Record Log ===
1081 1081  
1082 -To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
864 +Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
1083 1083  
1084 -**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
866 +[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
1085 1085  
1086 -**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
1087 1087  
869 += 9. Trouble Shooting =
1088 1088  
1089 -=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
871 +== 9.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
1090 1090  
1091 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
1092 -(((
1093 -wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
1094 -)))
1095 1095  
1096 -
1097 -=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
1098 -
1099 -Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1100 -
1101 -
1102 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="b2a44672-8abb-425d-a823-f2faa334cdb7" %).3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed(%%) ==
1103 -
1104 -
1105 -1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
1106 -
1107 -[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
1108 -
1109 -
1110 -2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
1111 -
1112 -[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
1113 -
1114 -
1115 -3. Disable the auto-update:
1116 -
1117 -[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
1118 -
1119 -
1120 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).4 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3.(%%) ==
1121 -
1122 -
1123 -By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
1124 -
1125 -If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
1126 -
1127 -[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
1128 -
1129 -
1130 -Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1131 -
1132 -
1133 -== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="82550df9-987d-4f58-9877-86a0c5e621a4" %).5 DIN Mount Reference:(%%) ==
1134 -
1135 -
1136 -[[image:image-20240318095605-1.jpeg||height="472" width="472"]]
1137 -
1138 -[[image:image-20240318095617-2.png]]
1139 -
1140 -
1141 -
1142 -
1143 -= (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12. Trouble Shooting(%%) =
1144 -
1145 -== (% data-sider-select-id="cb7a0b2f-4144-4f58-86d0-64a15944840e" %)12.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'.(%%) ==
1146 -
1147 1147  [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
1148 1148  
1149 1149  
... ... @@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@
1159 1159  [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
1160 1160  
1161 1161  
1162 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="f34b4950-25aa-4a6d-a2b4-4af0ec0010a7" %).2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem(%%) ==
889 +== 9.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
1163 1163  
1164 1164  
1165 1165  When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
... ... @@ -1167,13 +1167,13 @@
1167 1167  [[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
1168 1168  
1169 1169  
1170 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="a7b8cd40-2ec5-4b4b-8220-d32ce0a303a0" %).3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check(%%) ==
897 +== 9.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
1171 1171  
1172 1172  
1173 1173  When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
1174 1174  
1175 1175  
1176 -**~1. Check whether the configuration is correct**
903 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
1177 1177  
1178 1178  Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
1179 1179  
... ... @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@
1189 1189  If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
1190 1190  
1191 1191  
1192 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="b7eec45b-ad8c-4621-a815-f457810d25f4" %).4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response?(%%) ==
919 +== 9.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
1193 1193  
1194 1194  
1195 1195  When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
... ... @@ -1198,11 +1198,12 @@
1198 1198  [[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
1199 1199  
1200 1200  
1201 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="ac1f33b3-1f28-477d-880c-534ac36adcbe" %).5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access(%%) ==
928 +== 9.5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access ==
1202 1202  
1203 1203  
1204 1204  Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
1205 1205  
933 +
1206 1206  (% class="box infomessage" %)
1207 1207  (((
1208 1208  apt update && apt install *dragino*
... ... @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
1211 1211  )))
1212 1212  
1213 1213  
1214 -== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="0621ef51-7fc1-47ca-86ee-cc1f28f6754b" %).6  How to reset the built-in server(%%) ==
942 +== 9.6  How to reset the built-in server ==
1215 1215  
1216 1216  
1217 1217  **1) Build-in The Things Network**
... ... @@ -1227,10 +1227,9 @@
1227 1227  
1228 1228  [[image:image-20231106180846-5.png||height="310" width="668"]]
1229 1229  
958 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) =
1230 1230  
1231 -= (% data-sider-select-id="7e5e9cb1-c1dc-4ea9-a9f7-9da676c581a5" style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)13. Supports(%%) =
1232 1232  
1233 -
1234 1234  (((
1235 1235  If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
1236 1236  )))
... ... @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@
1239 1239  With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
1240 1240  
1241 1241  
1242 -= (% data-sider-select-id="f8ca68c9-99ed-4795-97c5-3d0d259131e9" %)14. Reference(%%) =
969 += 11. Reference =
1243 1243  
1244 1244  
1245 1245  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
... ... @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
1248 1248  
1249 1249  )))
1250 1250  
1251 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a056b4ad-7d05-42b4-ad74-7a3134f8010a" %)15. Order Info(%%) =
978 += 12. Order Info =
1252 1252  
1253 1253  
1254 1254  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@
1280 1280  More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1281 1281  
1282 1282  
1283 -= (% data-sider-select-id="a4433cd3-3bbc-4e6b-8b18-0bd2bc4d6904" %)16. Manufacturer Info(%%) =
1010 += 13. Manufacturer Info =
1284 1284  
1285 1285  
1286 1286  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
... ... @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@
1290 1290  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
1291 1291  
1292 1292  
1293 -= (% data-sider-select-id="b353afd6-b0f5-48e5-a114-3b5062cbf0d1" %)17. FCC Warning(%%) =
1020 += 14. FCC Warning =
1294 1294  
1295 1295  
1296 1296  (((
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