Changes for page LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@ 1 -XWiki. Kilight1 +XWiki.Xiaoye - Content
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... ... @@ -16,22 +16,23 @@ 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 -= 1. Introduction = 19 += **1. Introduction** = 20 20 21 -== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 == 22 22 22 +== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** == 23 23 24 + 24 24 ((( 25 25 ((( 26 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color: blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.27 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates. 27 27 ))) 28 28 29 29 ((( 30 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color: blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.31 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market. 31 31 ))) 32 32 33 33 ((( 34 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color: blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.35 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers. 35 35 ))) 36 36 37 37 ((( ... ... @@ -39,13 +39,14 @@ 39 39 ))) 40 40 41 41 ((( 42 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color: blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.43 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it. 43 43 ))) 44 44 45 45 46 -== 1.2 Specifications == 47 47 48 +== **1.2 Specifications** == 48 48 50 + 49 49 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:** 50 50 51 51 * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz ... ... @@ -57,18 +57,17 @@ 57 57 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1 58 58 * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless 59 59 * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 60 -* Sensitivity: -140dBm 61 -* Max Output Power: 27dBm 62 62 63 63 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:** 64 64 65 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C66 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C 66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C 67 67 * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC 68 68 69 -== 1.3 Features == 70 70 70 +== **1.3 Features** == 71 71 72 + 72 72 * Open Source Debian system 73 73 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi 74 74 * Remote Management ... ... @@ -81,86 +81,73 @@ 81 81 ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder 82 82 ** LoRaWAN Basic Station 83 83 ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT) 84 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server 85 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server 85 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)//**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server 86 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)//**Node-Red**// (%%)local Application server 86 86 87 -== 1.4 LED Indicators == 88 88 89 +== **1.4 Block Diagram** == 89 89 90 -LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 91 91 92 92 93 - (% style="color:blue"%)**➢ PowerLED**(%%):This RED LED will be solidf the device is properlypowered93 +== **1.5 LED Indicators** == 94 94 95 -(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%): This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting 96 96 97 - (%style="color:blue"%)**➢ SYSLED**(%%):is RGB LED will show differentcolors in different states:96 +LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are: 98 98 99 - ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection. 100 100 101 - ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device hasinternetconnectionbutnoLoRaWAN Connection. orb)Device is in booting stage, in thisstage,itwillBLINKING GREEN for severalsecondsandthenwithBLINKINGGREENtogether99 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered// 102 102 103 - ✓**SOLIDRED:**Devicedoesn'thaveanInternet connection.101 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting// 104 104 105 -(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFILED**(%%): This LED showsthe WIFIinterface connection status.103 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~:// 106 106 105 +// ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.// 107 107 108 - ==1.5ButtonIntruction==107 +// ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together// 109 109 109 +// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.// 110 110 111 - LPS8-V2hasa black togglebutton,whichis:111 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ WIFI LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.// 112 112 113 113 114 -(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 115 115 116 - // //**LEDstatus:** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until thereloadis finished.115 +== **1.6 Button Intruction** == 117 117 118 118 119 - (% style="color:blue" %)**➢Longpress more than 10s:**(%%)****the gatewaywillrestore the factorysettings.118 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is: 120 120 121 - **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished. 122 122 121 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration 123 123 124 - (%style="color:red"%)**Note**:Restoring factorySettingsdoesnot erasedatafromthe LPS8-V2 built-inrver123 + // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.// 125 125 126 -See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: 127 127 128 - **[[Howto clear data from the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtocleardatafromthebuilt-inserver]]**126 +(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ **//**Long press more than 10s:**(%%)** **//the gateway will restore the factory settings.// 129 129 128 + //**LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.// 130 130 131 -= 2. Quick Start = 132 132 133 133 132 += **2. Quick Start** = 133 + 134 + 134 134 The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network. 135 135 136 136 In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network. 137 137 138 138 139 -== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 == 140 140 141 -== =2.1.1FindIPaddressofLPS8-V2===141 +== **2.1 Connects to the network and accesses the gateway Web UI** == 142 142 143 143 144 -== ==(% style="color:blue" %)**Method1**(%%):ConnectviaLPS8-V2WiFi====144 +== **2.1.1 connect the network.** == 145 145 146 146 147 - Sincesoftware version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called(% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx//**(%%)withpassword:147 +=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router === 148 148 149 -(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino** 150 150 151 -User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1** 152 - 153 -[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]] 154 - 155 -[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]] 156 - 157 - 158 - 159 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ==== 160 - 161 - 162 162 ((( 163 -Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 -V2can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.151 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2. 164 164 ))) 165 165 166 166 ((( ... ... @@ -171,40 +171,9 @@ 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 -=== =(% style="color:blue" %)**Method3**(%%): Connect viaLPS8-V2FallbackIP ====162 +=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router === 175 175 176 176 177 -[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]] 178 - 179 - 180 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:** 181 - 182 -~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port 183 - 184 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252 185 - 186 - 187 -**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)** 188 - 189 - 190 -As in the below photo: 191 - 192 -[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]] 193 - 194 - 195 -Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]** 196 - 197 -If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]** 198 - 199 - 200 -3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console. 201 - 202 -[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]] 203 - 204 - 205 - 206 -==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%): Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ==== 207 - 208 208 [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]] 209 209 210 210 ... ... @@ -224,104 +224,13 @@ 224 224 [[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]] 225 225 226 226 227 -=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI === 228 228 185 +== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** == 229 229 230 -**Web Interface** 231 231 232 - Opena browser on thePC andtypethe LPS8-V2 ipaddress(depends onyourconnect method)188 +=== **2.2.1 Select your area frequency** === 233 233 234 234 235 -[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP) 236 - 237 -You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below. 238 - 239 -The account details for Web Login are: 240 - 241 -(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root** 242 - 243 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Password: dragino** 244 - 245 -[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]] 246 - 247 - 248 -== 2.2 Typical Network Setup == 249 - 250 -=== 2.2.1 Overview === 251 - 252 - 253 -LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes: 254 - 255 -* **WAN Port Internet Mode** 256 - 257 -* **WiFi Client Mode** 258 - 259 -* **Cellular Mode** 260 - 261 -=== 2.2.2 Use WAN port to access Internet === 262 - 263 - 264 -By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%): 265 - 266 - 267 -[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]] 268 - 269 - 270 -=== 2.2.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client === 271 - 272 - 273 -In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi. 274 - 275 -The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi** 276 - 277 -[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]] 278 - 279 -In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect. 280 - 281 - 282 -=== 2.2.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access === 283 - 284 - 285 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4** 286 - 287 -Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem. 288 - 289 - 290 -If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up. 291 - 292 -First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction 293 - 294 -Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card. 295 - 296 - 297 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]] 298 - 299 - 300 -The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular** 301 - 302 -While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 303 - 304 - 305 -[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]] 306 - 307 - 308 -=== 2.2.5 Check Internet connection === 309 - 310 - 311 -In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection. 312 - 313 -* GREEN Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection. 314 -* Yellow Tick [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection. 315 -* RED Cross [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet. 316 - 317 -[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]] 318 - 319 - 320 -== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network == 321 - 322 -=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency === 323 - 324 - 325 325 ((( 326 326 First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor. 327 327 ... ... @@ -331,9 +331,10 @@ 331 331 [[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]] 332 332 333 333 334 -=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI === 335 335 201 +=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** === 336 336 203 + 337 337 Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page: 338 338 339 339 ... ... @@ -355,9 +355,10 @@ 355 355 [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]] 356 356 357 357 358 -=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network === 359 359 226 +== **2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network** == 360 360 228 + 361 361 **Login to The Things Network** 362 362 363 363 [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] ... ... @@ -371,30 +371,34 @@ 371 371 **Get it online** 372 372 373 373 374 -= 3. Web Configure Pages = 375 375 376 -= =3.1Home ==243 += **3. Web Configure Pages** = 377 377 378 378 379 - Showsthesystemrunning status:246 +== **3.1 Home** == 380 380 248 + 249 +//Shows the system running status~:// 250 + 381 381 [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]] 382 382 383 383 384 -== 3.2 LoRa Settings == 385 385 386 -== =3.2.1LoRa~-~->LoRa===255 +== **3.2 LoRa Settings** == 387 387 388 388 389 - Thispageshows theLoRaRadioSettings. There is a set of default frequency bands according toLoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band*as well.258 +=== **3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa** === 390 390 391 -Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges: 392 392 393 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865. 394 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920 261 +//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.// 395 395 263 +//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~:// 264 + 265 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.// 266 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920// 267 + 396 396 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 397 -After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log** 269 +//After the user choose the frequency plan, the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**// 398 398 399 399 400 400 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) ... ... @@ -406,23 +406,26 @@ 406 406 ))) 407 407 408 408 409 -== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings == 410 410 411 -== =3.3.1LoRaWAN~-~-> LoRaWANSemtechUDP===282 +== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings** == 412 412 413 413 414 - Thispageis for the connection set up toageneralLoRaWANNetwork server suchas [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]],[[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.285 +=== **3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP** === 415 415 416 416 288 +//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.// 289 + 290 + 417 417 [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]] 418 418 419 419 420 -=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station === 421 421 295 +=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** === 422 422 423 -This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc. 424 424 298 +//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.// 425 425 300 + 426 426 [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]] 427 427 428 428 ... ... @@ -431,154 +431,97 @@ 431 431 ))) 432 432 433 433 434 -== 3.4 Network Settings == 435 435 436 -== =3.4.1Network~-~-> WiFi===310 +== **3.4 Network Settings** == 437 437 438 -Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface 439 439 440 - [[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332"width="827"]]313 +=== **3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi** === 441 441 442 442 443 - === 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status===316 +[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]] 444 444 445 445 446 -[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 447 447 320 +=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** === 448 448 449 -=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network === 450 450 323 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]] 451 451 452 -In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address. 453 453 454 -[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]] 455 455 327 +=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** === 456 456 457 -=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular === 458 458 330 +[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]] 459 459 460 -In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar. 461 461 462 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.** 463 463 464 - [[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]]334 +== **3.5 System** == 465 465 466 466 467 - Aftertheconfiguration iscomplete, return to the Homeinterfaceand puttheouseon theCellicon to checkthe Cellular state.337 +=== **3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview** === 468 468 469 -[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]] 470 470 471 - 472 -Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716 473 - 474 -[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]] 475 - 476 - 477 -== 3.5 System == 478 - 479 -=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 480 - 481 - 482 482 Shows the system info: 483 483 484 484 [[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]] 485 485 486 486 487 -=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General === 488 488 346 +=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** === 489 489 490 -In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone. 491 491 492 -In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address. 493 - 494 -[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]] 495 - 496 - 497 -=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore === 498 - 499 - 500 500 [[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]] 501 501 502 502 503 -=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit === 504 504 353 += **4. Build-in Server** = 505 505 506 -In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it. 507 507 356 +The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red, and**(%%) LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).** 508 508 509 -the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]** 510 510 511 -[[image:image-2022 1230092303-2.png]]359 +[[image:image-20220820115644-1.png||height="217" width="778"]] 512 512 513 513 514 -=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management === 515 - 516 - 517 -In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages. 518 - 519 -[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]] 520 - 521 - 522 -= 4. Build-in Server = 523 - 524 - 525 -Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%). 526 - 527 -[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]] 528 - 529 -[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]] 530 - 531 - 532 - 533 533 (% style="color:red" %)**Note:** 534 534 535 - **Path**: Se rver~-~->NetworkServer364 + **Path**: System ~-~-> Built-in Server 536 536 537 - Server ~-~-> Application Server 538 538 539 - 540 540 **Troubleshooting:** 541 541 542 542 543 543 **~ 1. URL does not jump properly** 544 544 545 - For the ChirpStack, you can use thelocalIPaddressandtheportis**8080**to accessit.372 + For the ttn-stack, you can click the update the URL which will update the configuration where change the hostname to the current local IP address as the URL. 546 546 547 - For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880**to access it.374 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is 1880 to access it. 548 548 549 549 550 -== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- ChirpStack == 551 551 378 +== **4.1 LoRaWAN Network Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** == 552 552 553 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 554 554 381 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser. 382 + 555 555 Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080 or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__ 556 556 557 557 558 558 Login account: 559 559 560 -**User name: ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin**388 +**User ID: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)admin(%%)** 561 561 562 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color: #ffff00" %)admin(%%)**390 +**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino(%%)** 563 563 564 -[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]] 565 565 393 +[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]] 566 566 567 567 568 -=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack === 569 569 397 +== **4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** == 570 570 571 -Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply" 572 572 573 -The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]] 574 - 575 -[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]] 576 - 577 - 578 - 579 -== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red == 580 - 581 - 582 582 You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser. 583 583 584 584 ... ... @@ -589,103 +589,18 @@ 589 589 590 590 591 591 592 -=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** === 593 593 594 -The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed. 595 595 412 += **5. How users can access LPS8v2 using serial USB** = 596 596 597 -the users can refer to this link to install them. 598 598 599 - [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]415 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8v2 Connection:** 600 600 601 601 602 - === **Upgradethenode.js**===418 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8v2 is GND 603 603 604 -By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old. 605 - 606 - 607 -the users can refer to this link to upgrade them. 608 - 609 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]] 610 - 611 - 612 -== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server == 613 - 614 - 615 -Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service: 616 - 617 617 (% class="box infomessage" %) 618 618 ((( 619 -**# start** 620 -systemctl start ttnstack 621 - 622 -**# stop** 623 -systemctl stop ttnstack 624 - 625 -**# enable** 626 -systemctl enable ttnstack 627 - 628 -**#disable** 629 -systemctl disable ttnstack 630 -))) 631 - 632 -Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service: 633 - 634 -(% class="box infomessage" %) 635 -((( 636 -**# start** 637 -systemctl start nodered 638 - 639 -**# stop** 640 -systemctl stop nodered 641 - 642 -**# enable** 643 -systemctl enable nodered 644 - 645 -**#disable** 646 -systemctl disable nodered 647 -))) 648 - 649 - 650 -== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 == 651 - 652 - 653 -By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack: 654 - 655 -**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]** 656 - 657 - 658 -=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand === 659 - 660 - 661 -On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first. 662 - 663 -If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2. 664 - 665 -[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]] 666 - 667 - 668 -When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**. 669 - 670 - 671 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2. 672 - 673 -[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]] 674 - 675 - 676 -= 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge = 677 - 678 - 679 - 680 -= 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB = 681 - 682 - 683 -(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2 Connection:** 684 - 685 -Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND 686 - 687 -(% class="box infomessage" %) 688 -((( 689 689 **TXD <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)** 690 690 691 691 **RXD <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)** ... ... @@ -693,10 +693,13 @@ 693 693 **GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)** 694 694 ))) 695 695 429 + 696 696 **LPS8v2 UART connection photo** 697 697 698 -[[image:image-202 30421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]]432 +[[image:image-20220804163015-1.png||height="621" width="466"]] 699 699 434 + 435 + 700 700 In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below: 701 701 702 702 ... ... @@ -706,127 +706,111 @@ 706 706 [[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]] 707 707 708 708 709 -= 7. OTA System Update = 710 710 446 += **6. Use the helium gateway-rs as the Data-only Hotspot** = 711 711 712 -LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature. 713 713 449 +== **Step 1: Configure Frequency Band** == 714 714 715 -== 7.1 Auto-update method == 716 716 452 +//Each country has a requirement for frequency region. Choose the right one for your area.// 717 717 718 - The default, eachgateway will enablethe auto-update function.454 +[[image:image-20220905164308-1.png]] 719 719 720 -this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight. 721 721 722 722 723 - Userscanenable/disableitviaWeb Page458 +== **Step 2: Configure the forward address** == 724 724 725 -[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]] 726 726 461 +**Select one of the servers to configure.** 727 727 728 - ==7.2 Manual upgrademethod ==463 +**For example:** 729 729 465 +[[image:image-20220905164847-2.png]] 730 730 731 -1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system 732 732 733 733 734 -(% class="box infomessage" %) 735 -((( 736 -**apt update && apt install *dragino*** 737 -))) 469 +== **Step 3: Download and Install the Helium-gateway-rs** == 738 738 739 739 740 - 2). UpgradethesystemviatheWeb pagebuttonof "ManualUpdate"472 +**Access the gateway CLI via SSH.** 741 741 474 +[[image:image-20220905165222-3.png]] 742 742 743 -**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins. ** 744 744 745 - [[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]477 +**Download gateway-rs.** 746 746 479 +[[image:image-20220905165715-5.png]] 747 747 481 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 482 +((( 483 +**Command: wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb]]** 484 +))) 748 748 749 -= 8. FAQ = 750 750 751 - == 8.1 How to change Hostname==487 +**Install gateway-rs.** 752 752 489 +[[image:image-20220905165917-7.png]] 753 753 754 -By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command: 755 - 756 756 (% class="box infomessage" %) 757 757 ((( 758 - hostnamectlset-hostname dragino-123456493 +**Command: dpkg -i helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb ** 759 759 ))) 760 760 761 -[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]] 762 762 763 - Aftertheconfigurationis complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.497 +**Modify configuration.** 764 764 765 765 766 - == 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrateto ChirpStack ==500 +[[image:image-20220905173847-12.png]] 767 767 768 768 769 -Migrate guide: 503 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 504 +((( 505 +**region=<Enter regional parameters> \ 506 +&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml && sed -i "1 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml \ 507 +&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml && sed -i "22 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml** 508 +))) 770 770 771 -**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.** 772 772 773 -** 2. On theServer ~-~-> NetworkServer interface,click "Management"**511 +**Restart the helium_gateway** 774 774 775 -[[image:image-202 30616162454-1.png]]513 +[[image:image-20220905170920-9.png]] 776 776 777 777 778 -**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"** 516 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 517 +((( 518 +**systemctl restart helium_gateway** 519 +))) 779 779 780 -[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]] 781 781 522 +**Check the helium_gateway Log:** 782 782 783 - **4. Strat Install **524 +[[image:image-20220905173952-13.png]] 784 784 785 -Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds 786 786 787 -[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]] 527 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 528 +((( 529 +**journalctl -u helium_gateway -f** 530 +))) 788 788 789 789 790 -** 5.Migration completecheckresult**533 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: if your device is not finished the onboarding, which is unable to connect to the Helium console.** 791 791 792 - [[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706"width="983"]]535 +where the helium gateway log is shown: 793 793 537 +[[image:image-20220905174534-14.png]] 794 794 795 -[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]] 796 796 540 +So you have to finish the onboarding, ~-~--Please refer to [[Step 2.7>>doc:Main.Notes for Helium.WebHome||anchor="H2.7A0Step6:OnboardingData-OnlyHotspot"]] to onboarding your LPS8-V2. 797 797 798 -== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed == 799 799 800 800 801 - 1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consumea lotof data, you can set theintervaltime to reduce data consume.544 += **7. Trouble Shooting** = 802 802 803 -[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]] 804 804 547 +== 7.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 805 805 806 -2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval 807 807 808 -[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]] 809 - 810 - 811 -3. Disable the auto-update: 812 - 813 -[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]] 814 - 815 - 816 -== 8.4 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot == 817 - 818 - 819 -(% class="box infomessage" %) 820 -((( 821 -apt update && apt install helium-gateway 822 -))) 823 - 824 - 825 -= 9. Trouble Shooting = 826 - 827 -== 9.1 I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. == 828 - 829 - 830 830 [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]] 831 831 832 832 ... ... @@ -842,84 +842,21 @@ 842 842 [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]] 843 843 844 844 845 -== 9.2 The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem == 846 846 847 847 848 - Whenthisproblem occurs, click "**UpdateToDEFAULT**" ,this problem willbefixed.567 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**8. Supports**(%%) = 849 849 850 -[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]] 851 851 852 - 853 -== 9.3 Fallback IP does not work, how can users check == 854 - 855 - 856 -When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP. 857 - 858 - 859 -**1.Check whether the configuration is correct** 860 - 861 -Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254. 862 - 863 -If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure. 864 - 865 -[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]] 866 - 867 -[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]] 868 - 869 - 870 -**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled** 871 - 872 -If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway. 873 - 874 - 875 -== 9.4 Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? == 876 - 877 - 878 -When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log. 879 - 880 - 881 -[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]] 882 - 883 - 884 -== 9.5 Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access == 885 - 886 - 887 -Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update. 888 - 889 - 890 -(% class="box infomessage" %) 891 891 ((( 892 -apt update && apt install dragino-fallback 893 - 894 -wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] 571 +**//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//** 895 895 ))) 896 896 897 - 898 -== 9.6 How to clear data from the built-in server == 899 - 900 - 901 -**1) Build-in The Things Network** 902 - 903 -Refer to this link to delete the Built-in server's device. 904 - 905 -[[Delete devices from Build-in The Things Network>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Delete%20devices%20from%20Build-in%20The%20Things%20Network/]] 906 - 907 - 908 -**2) Build-in Chirpstack** 909 - 910 - 911 -= (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) = 912 - 913 - 914 914 ((( 915 -If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]. 916 -))) 575 +**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//** 917 917 918 -((( 919 -With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest. 920 920 921 921 922 -= 11. Reference =579 += **9. Reference** = 923 923 924 924 925 925 * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]]. ... ... @@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ 928 928 929 929 ))) 930 930 931 -= 1 2. Order Info =588 += **10. Order Info** = 932 932 933 933 934 934 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY** ... ... @@ -936,33 +936,26 @@ 936 936 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band 937 937 938 938 * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 939 - 940 940 * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 941 - 942 942 * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 943 - 944 944 * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 945 - 946 946 * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 947 - 948 948 * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 949 949 950 950 (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option 951 951 952 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India 604 +* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India. 605 +* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile. 606 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 607 +* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI 953 953 954 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus 955 - 956 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan 957 - 958 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI 959 - 960 960 More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]]. 961 961 962 962 963 -= 13. Manufacturer Info = 964 964 613 += **10. Manufacturer Info** = 965 965 615 + 966 966 **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD** 967 967 968 968 Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai), No.8 CaiYunRoad ... ... @@ -970,9 +970,10 @@ 970 970 LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China 971 971 972 972 973 -= 14. FCC Warning = 974 974 624 += **11. FCC Warning** = 975 975 626 + 976 976 ((( 977 977 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 978 978 )))
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