Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
<
From version < 242.1 >
edited by Xiaoye
on 2023/07/31 15:28
To version < 317.1 >
edited by Xiaoye
on 2024/05/27 09:02
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Title
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1 -LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
1 +LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Content
... ... @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
8 8  
9 9  )))
10 10  
11 -**Table of Contents：**
11 +**Table of Contents:**
12 12  
13 13  {{toc/}}
14 14  
... ... @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
18 18  
19 19  = 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 -== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
21 +== (% data-sider-select-id="66d5195f-ab1f-47c7-83cb-b027d0903e53" %)1.1 What is LPS8v2(%%) ==
22 22  
23 23  
24 24  (((
... ... @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
81 81  ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder
82 82  ** LoRaWAN Basic Station
83 83  ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT)
84 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server
84 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**ChirpStack**(%%) local LoRaWAN server
85 85  * Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server
86 86  
87 87  == 1.4 LED Indicators ==
... ... @@ -96,11 +96,11 @@
96 96  
97 97  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
98 98  
99 - ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
99 + ✓  **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
100 100  
101 - ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
101 + ✓  **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
102 102  
103 - ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
103 + ✓**  SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
104 104  
105 105  (% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
106 106  
... ... @@ -120,11 +120,19 @@
120 120  
121 121   **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
122 122  
123 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note**: Restoring factory Settings does not erase data from the built-in server
124 124  
125 -See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server:
124 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Restoring factory Settings does not erase data from the LPS8-V2 built-in server**
126 126  
126 +See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: **[[How to reset the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtoresetthebuilt-inserver]]**
127 127  
128 +
129 +When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
130 +
131 +The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
132 +
133 +The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
134 +
135 +
128 128  = 2. Quick Start =
129 129  
130 130  
... ... @@ -152,7 +152,6 @@
152 152  [[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
153 153  
154 154  
155 -
156 156  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
157 157  
158 158  
... ... @@ -167,7 +167,6 @@
167 167  [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]]
168 168  
169 169  
170 -
171 171  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
172 172  
173 173  
... ... @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
191 191  
192 192  Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]**
193 193  
194 -If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
200 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.3A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
195 195  
196 196  
197 197  3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
... ... @@ -199,7 +199,6 @@
199 199  [[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
200 200  
201 201  
202 -
203 203  ==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
204 204  
205 205  [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
... ... @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
239 239  
240 240  (% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
241 241  
242 -[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
247 +[[image:image-20240318160845-1.png]]
243 243  
244 244  
245 245  == 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
... ... @@ -302,6 +302,9 @@
302 302  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
303 303  
304 304  
310 +**Note: In most cases, the user simply types in the APN and checks the enable checkbox, without typing Pincode, Username, or Password settings.**
311 +
312 +
305 305  === 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
306 306  
307 307  
... ... @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
478 478  
479 479  Shows the system info:
480 480  
481 -[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]]
489 +[[image:image-20231031162854-1.png]]
482 482  
483 483  
484 484  === 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
... ... @@ -494,12 +494,26 @@
494 494  === 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
495 495  
496 496  
497 -[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]]
505 +[[image:image-20231031162927-2.png]]
498 498  
507 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Reboot / Reset ===
499 499  
500 -=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
509 +In the **System-> Reboot / Reset** interface, users can can restart or reset the gateway.
501 501  
511 +ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
502 502  
513 +When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
514 +
515 +The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
516 +
517 +The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
518 +
519 +[[image:image-20240203172853-1.png||height="365" width="901"]]
520 +
521 +
522 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
523 +
524 +
503 503  In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
504 504  
505 505  
... ... @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
508 508  [[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
509 509  
510 510  
511 -=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
533 +=== 3.5.6 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
512 512  
513 513  
514 514  In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
... ... @@ -516,103 +516,114 @@
516 516  [[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
517 517  
518 518  
519 -= 4. Build-in Server =
541 +== 3.5 Logread ==
520 520  
543 +=== 3.5.1 LoRa Log ===
521 521  
522 -Since software version 0606,the default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%), LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack**(%%).
523 523  
524 -[[image:image-20230616175617-8.png||height="390" width="894"]]
546 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> LoRa Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway lora channel and the status of the IoT connection
525 525  
526 -[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
548 +[[image:image-20240416112509-1.png]]
527 527  
528 528  
551 +=== 3.5.2 Gateway Traffic ===
529 529  
530 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
553 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> Gateway Traffic page**, The users can view sensor packages about Recent LoRa uplink/downlink/Join requests
531 531  
532 - **Path**: Server ~-~-> Network Server
555 +[[image:image-20240416112618-2.png||height="705" width="1122"]]
533 533  
534 - Server ~-~-> Application Server
535 535  
558 +=== 3.5.3 System Log ===
536 536  
537 -**Troubleshooting:**
560 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> System Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway system
538 538  
562 +[[image:image-20240416112649-3.png||height="820" width="1122"]]
539 539  
540 -**~ 1. URL does not jump properly**
541 541  
542 - For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
565 +=== 3.5.4 Record Log ===
543 543  
544 - For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
567 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> Recod Log page**, The users can record the gateway curren running log.
545 545  
569 +[[image:image-20240416112712-4.png||height="319" width="1128"]]
546 546  
547 -== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- ChirpStack ==
548 548  
549 549  
550 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
573 += 4. Build-in Server =
551 551  
552 -Such as  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
575 +After the v1.7-230606 version, the LPS8-V2 default factory pre-installed the LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%), Application Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%).
553 553  
554 554  
555 -Login account:
578 +== 1). LoRaWAN Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%) ==
556 556  
557 -**Username : ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**admin**
580 +[[image:image-20231106180816-4.png||height="416" width="896"]]
558 558  
559 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:#ffff00" %)admin(%%)**
582 +[[image:image-20231201165904-1.png||height="466" width="899"]]
560 560  
561 -[[image:image-20230616175332-6.png||height="519" width="1029"]]
584 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)ChirpStack-V4 (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button, and the login account: admin/admin(%%)**
562 562  
586 +For more information on server operations see [[Register LPSV2 to the built-in Chirpstack>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
563 563  
564 564  
565 -=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in ChirpStack ===
566 566  
590 +== 2). Application Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%) ==
567 567  
568 -Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply"
569 569  
570 -The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
593 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
571 571  
572 -[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]]
595 +[[image:image-20231201170355-2.png||height="536" width="899"]]
573 573  
597 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)Node-RED (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button(%%)**
574 574  
575 575  
576 -== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red ==
577 577  
601 +== **3). Troubleshooting:** ==
578 578  
579 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
580 580  
604 +* (((
605 +=== ** If the URL does not jump properly.** ===
606 +)))
581 581  
582 -Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
608 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
583 583  
610 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
584 584  
585 -[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]]
586 586  
613 +* (((
614 +=== ** How to install InfluxDB, Garfana.** ===
615 +)))
587 587  
617 + The LPS8V2 is not pre-installed with InfluxDB and Garfana, the users can install them, see [[InfluxDB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
588 588  
589 -=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** ===
590 590  
591 -The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed.
620 +* (((
621 +=== ** How to upgrade the gateway node.js to the latest version.** ===
622 +)))
592 592  
624 + The user can upgrade nodejs, see [[Upgrade Nodejs>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
593 593  
594 -the users can refer to this link to install them.
595 595  
596 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
627 +* (((
628 +=== ** How to batch register device on the built-in Chirpstack network server** ===
629 +)))
597 597  
631 + The user can register devices in batch on the gateway Web UI, see [[Batch Register>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20ChirpStack/#H11.A0HowtouseChirpstackAPItobatchregisterSensorNode2FGatewayinChistapstackServer]]
598 598  
599 -=== **Upgrade the node.js** ===
600 600  
601 -By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
634 +* (((
635 +=== ** Why my gateway is not Chirpstack?** ===
636 +)))
602 602  
638 + After June '23, the default factory LPS8V2 pre-installed Chirpstack-V4 instead of The Things Stack, the users can migrate to Chistack-V4, see **[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
603 603  
604 -the users can refer to this link to upgrade them.
605 605  
606 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
641 +* (((
642 +=== ** How to disable the built-in server** ===
643 +)))
607 607  
608 -
609 -== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server ==
610 -
611 -
612 -Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:
613 -
614 614  (% class="box infomessage" %)
615 615  (((
647 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:**     **
648 +
616 616  **# start**
617 617  systemctl start ttnstack
618 618  
... ... @@ -626,10 +626,10 @@
626 626  systemctl disable ttnstack
627 627  )))
628 628  
629 -Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
630 -
631 631  (% class="box infomessage" %)
632 632  (((
664 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
665 +
633 633  **# start**
634 634  systemctl start nodered
635 635  
... ... @@ -644,36 +644,40 @@
644 644  )))
645 645  
646 646  
647 -== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 ==
680 +* (((
681 +=== ** How to choose the Chirpstack server frequency SubBand** ===
682 +)))
648 648  
684 +**~ ** The user has to choose a SubBand if using CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923.
649 649  
650 -By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack:
686 + Note: Since the subbands of the Chirpstack are counted from 0, us915_1 of the Chirpstack is equal to US915 FSB2, so if your LoRa Rdio is using the US915 FSB2 you have to choose the us915_1 as the Chirpstack FSB.
651 651  
652 -**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
688 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
653 653  
654 654  
655 -=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency SubBand ===
691 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
656 656  
657 657  
658 -On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first.
694 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding the device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
659 659  
660 -If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub-band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2.
696 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
661 661  
662 -[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
663 663  
699 += 5. Watch Dog =
664 664  
665 -When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
666 666  
702 +LPS8-V2 supports the Watch Dog but is not enabled by the previous releases(2023-11-24 )
667 667  
668 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
704 +The uses can be via the below method to enable Watch Dog:
669 669  
670 -[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
706 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
707 +(((
708 +wget -P /tmp/ http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/watchdog/enable_watchdog.sh && chmod +x /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh && /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh
709 +)))
671 671  
711 +[[image:image-20231124113209-1.png||height="470" width="1157"]]
672 672  
673 -= 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge =
674 674  
675 -
676 -
677 677  = 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
678 678  
679 679  
... ... @@ -727,7 +727,6 @@
727 727  
728 728  1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
729 729  
730 -
731 731  (% class="box infomessage" %)
732 732  (((
733 733  **apt update && apt install *dragino***
... ... @@ -736,65 +736,337 @@
736 736  
737 737  2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
738 738  
775 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
739 739  
740 -**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
741 -
742 742  [[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
743 743  
744 744  
780 += (% data-sider-select-id="f31494a0-5f58-4b5c-820e-9cb1be76d96f" %)8 How do I view gateway logs(%%) =
745 745  
746 -= 8. FAQ =
782 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="2c782a3d-7138-45c4-bbdf-09c0e27ef896" %)8.1 LoRaWAN Log:(%%) ===
747 747  
748 -== 8.1 How to change Hostname ==
749 749  
785 +==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
750 750  
751 -By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
787 +When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
752 752  
789 +[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
790 +
791 +
792 +==== Station Log: ====
793 +
794 +When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
795 +
796 +[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
797 +
798 +
799 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="de76f982-b2e5-4327-aab4-8890814f5f53" %)8.2  4G Log(%%) ===
800 +
801 +
802 +User needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
803 +
753 753  (% class="box infomessage" %)
754 754  (((
755 -hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
806 +cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
756 756  )))
757 757  
758 -[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
809 +[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
759 759  
760 -After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
761 761  
812 +LPS8v2 use **quectel-CM** linux drive for dial up. The manual of this driver can be found here: [[**quectel-CM driver user manual**>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/73n2jl2c5r8h4i187to4n/Quectel_WCDMA_LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9-20190212.pdf?rlkey=j8834bw38d4neieisg54zngu9&st=kjsd4zx4&dl=0]].
762 762  
763 -== 8.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
814 +Below are some commands as reference:
764 764  
816 +>Usage:  /usr/bin/quectel-CM [options]
817 +> -s [apn [user password auth]]  Set apn/user/password/auth get from your network provider. auth: 1~~pap, 2~~chap
818 +> -p pincode Verify sim card pin if sim card is locked
819 +> -p [quectel-][qmi|mbim]-proxy  Request to use proxy
820 +> -f logfilename Save log message of this program to file
821 +> -u usbmonlog filename  Save usbmon log to file
822 +> -i interface Specify which network interface to setup data call when multi-modems exits
823 +> -4 Setup IPv4 data call (default)
824 +> -6 Setup IPv6 data call
825 +> -k pdn Specify which pdn to hangup data call (by send SIGINT to 'quectel-CM -n pdn')
826 +> -m iface-idx Bind QMI data call to wwan0_<iface idx> when QMAP used. E.g '-n 7 -m 1' bind pdn-7 data call to wwan0_1
827 +> -b Enable network interface bridge function (default 0)
828 +> -v Verbose log mode, for debug purpose.[Examples]
829 +>Example 1: /usr/bin/quectel-CM
830 +>Example 2: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet
831 +>Example 3: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet -v
765 765  
766 -Migrate guide:
767 767  
768 -**1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.**
769 769  
770 -**2. On the Server ~-~-> Network Server interface, click "Management"**
835 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="ec43d85c-19ec-48b0-a4fc-0ecd76f17fc4" %)8.3 Dmesg Log(%%) ===
771 771  
772 -[[image:image-20230616162454-1.png]]
773 773  
838 +Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
774 774  
775 -**3. Click "Migrate-Chirpstack"**
840 +[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
776 776  
777 -[[image:image-20230616162742-2.png]]
778 778  
843 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="3a977a3e-9417-40fa-bdfb-2544a88744a9" %)8.4 Record Log(%%) ===
779 779  
780 -**4. Strat Install **
781 781  
782 -Click start Install and wait until the migration succeeds
846 +Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
783 783  
784 -[[image:image-20230616162934-3.png]]
848 +[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
785 785  
786 786  
787 -**5.Migration complete check result**
851 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="b988f832-4b37-4a61-b951-ff2138ad9cba" %)8.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command(%%) ===
788 788  
789 -[[image:image-20230616174526-4.png||height="706" width="983"]]
790 790  
854 +**Semtech UDP Log :**
791 791  
792 -[[image:image-20230616180004-9.png]]
856 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
857 +(((
858 +**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
859 +)))
793 793  
861 +[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
794 794  
795 -== 8.3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed ==
796 796  
864 +**Station Log:**
797 797  
866 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
867 +(((
868 +**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
869 +)))
870 +
871 +[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
872 +
873 +
874 +**Dmesg Log:**
875 +
876 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
877 +(((
878 +**dmesg**
879 +)))
880 +
881 +[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
882 +
883 +
884 +
885 +(% data-sider-select-id="65e92cfb-62df-4513-8469-b74edd72dea5" %)
886 += (% data-sider-select-id="ce97a758-4348-4c0c-86eb-412b6b8d3996" %)9. More Services(%%) =
887 +
888 +== (% data-sider-select-id="6b164b64-51ae-4144-8ffd-5cd725b3bb5f" %)9.1 NTP Service/Time Synchronization(%%) ==
889 +
890 +The gateway time sync service is provided by chrony service
891 +
892 +
893 +=== 1). Modify the NTP server address: ===
894 +
895 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
896 +(((
897 +Configuration file path:  /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
898 +)))
899 +
900 +
901 +=== 2). Start/Stop/Enable/Disable NTP service: ===
902 +
903 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
904 +(((
905 +systemctl start chrony
906 +\\systemctl stop chrony
907 +\\systemctl disable chrony
908 +\\systemctl enable chrony
909 +)))
910 +
911 +
912 +(% data-sider-select-id="61881d06-3f91-437c-8b64-7032dea3c970" %)
913 += (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10. More features(%%) =
914 +
915 +(% data-sider-select-id="692f00f1-a7cc-4954-ac62-0a5dddb0a0c6" %)
916 +== (% data-sider-select-id="ec6a5e23-ba91-46d9-8042-1e4c6a7b3b36" %)10.1 Chirpstack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ==
917 +
918 +
919 +ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder is a MQTT packet forwarder for LoRa gateways. By default it forwards packets in Protobuf binary format, optionally it can be configured to use JSON encoding for debugging. In contrast to the ChirpStack Gateway Bridge, this component must always be installed on the gateway.
920 +
921 +
922 +(% data-sider-select-id="d2b54844-aad8-4198-9f17-841cd68db9b3" %)
923 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="0870eb11-ff25-47fc-9e3c-80a68bbf3933" %).1.1 Configure Packet Forwarder(%%) ===
924 +
925 +In the Dragino web-interface, you must configure the Packet Forwarder such that it forwards to localhost on port 1700.
926 +
927 +(% data-sider-select-id="48576a4e-42ef-4ac9-83b4-122fc10c6629" %)
928 +By default, the web-interface can be accessed by entering the following URL in your browser: (% data-sider-select-id="c2683c51-0bf8-4ac5-87be-c50edacc8f4b" %)**http:~/~/GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS**(%%) (replace GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS by the actual IP address of your gateway). The default credentials are root / dragino.
929 +
930 +* In the **LoRaWAN** menu, click **LoRaWAN ~-~- Semtech UDP**
931 +* Configure the following settings:
932 +** **Service Provider:** //Custom / Private LoRaWAN//
933 +** **Server Address:** localhost
934 +** **Uplink Port:** 1700
935 +** **Downlink Port:** 1700
936 +* Click **Save & Apply**
937 +
938 +[[image:image-20240518145929-2.png||height="652" width="727"]]
939 +
940 +
941 +(% data-sider-select-id="716df9b1-d844-4797-bce9-9b1adf49b072" %)
942 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="ffba644f-a9d5-4e93-a9da-9f9e49d596d9" %).1.2 Install ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ===
943 +
944 +
945 +(% data-sider-select-id="2a752131-c23e-4da4-b142-5880dd688c39" %)
946 +(% data-sider-select-id="833bbe42-c175-4e13-ab7a-c8abc30378d0" %)**SSH login**
947 +
948 +First you must login into the gateway using SSH:
949 +
950 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="608a94b0-8dee-453d-9433-5fe12c6559e5" %)
951 +(((
952 +ssh root@GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS
953 +)))
954 +
955 +(% data-sider-select-id="63adc977-8227-4585-ab1d-eea44a01c34c" %)
956 +The default password is: (% data-sider-select-id="5fad2844-9bd3-49e2-979b-ffd184b923cf" %)**dragino**(%%).
957 +
958 +
959 +(% data-sider-select-id="216fb9b4-6cee-4cb6-8b71-0a9cda3bd96a" %)
960 +(% data-sider-select-id="914750d6-03c5-48fe-ad27-49e99d95d877" %)**Download **(% data-sider-select-id="94e274ee-d341-40dc-8ca8-dc3c3b4c4981" %)**package**
961 +
962 +(% data-sider-select-id="f95485e3-b535-4ea2-b0aa-0c46b5254782" %)
963 +Use the following commands to download the latest version of the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder package:
964 +
965 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="ab1338ab-a215-4185-8552-1efd6e067858" %)
966 +(((
967 +cd /tmp
968 +wget https:~/~/artifacts.chirpstack.io/downloads/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
969 +)))
970 +
971 +
972 +(% data-sider-select-id="e59f1bad-427f-47b8-bc97-a818490576c4" %)
973 +(% data-sider-select-id="1b512eaf-c564-4835-afac-548b9a6a7045" %)**Install **
974 +
975 +Use the dpkg package-manager to install the downloaded package. Example:
976 +
977 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="7e7ff0cf-c367-4ff0-9387-f4eb82f3c89e" %)
978 +(((
979 +dpkg -i chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
980 +)))
981 +
982 +[[image:image-20240518152148-4.png]]
983 +
984 +
985 +(% data-sider-select-id="69e4a485-6ea8-46e7-97a3-8666bc9423a7" %)
986 +**Configuration**
987 +
988 +To connect the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder to your MQTT broker, you must update the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder configuration file.
989 +
990 +(% data-sider-select-id="e98443ef-dcc1-4be1-ad3e-ec31b0a580b4" %)
991 +This file is located at: (% data-sider-select-id="60301edc-5082-44e9-a91a-688327092116" %)**/etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml**
992 +
993 +
994 +**ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder Setting:**
995 +
996 +(% class="box" data-sider-select-id="1d70062d-64ab-410b-bd8e-476c73d5dd70" %)
997 +(((
998 +topic_prefix  ~-~->  This corresponds to the frequency of the ChirpStack server
999 +
1000 +server  ~-~->  Fill in the ChirpStack server address, Example: tcp:~/~/10.130.2.15:1883
1001 +)))
1002 +
1003 +username,password,ca_cert,tls_cert,tls_key parameters should be set as required.
1004 +
1005 +
1006 +Use commands to modify configuration files:
1007 +
1008 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="d552b27f-cfd2-4f5a-9b7f-b627f5dd3387" %)
1009 +(((
1010 +vim /etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml
1011 +)))
1012 +
1013 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518141059-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518141059-6.png"]]
1014 +
1015 +
1016 +**(Re)start and stop commands**
1017 +
1018 +Use the following commands to (re)start and stop the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder service:
1019 +
1020 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="61c3c343-2cb9-4b07-8741-5d5da2d88ec3" %)
1021 +(((
1022 +# start
1023 +
1024 +(% data-sider-select-id="5482a31e-3aa0-403c-aec5-117839958068" %)
1025 +systemctl start chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1026 +
1027 +# stop
1028 +
1029 +systemctl stop chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1030 +
1031 +# restart
1032 +
1033 +systemctl restart chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1034 +)))
1035 +
1036 +(% data-sider-select-id="1cea423f-9653-47e6-8022-aadcb684f191" %)
1037 +(% data-sider-select-id="f385e712-68bc-48fd-8b94-67a0c7e7cb70" %)**Note: If the LPS8v2 built-in server is running, it will cause a port conflict**
1038 +
1039 +
1040 +**Check result**
1041 +
1042 +(% data-sider-select-id="43d1d40a-2620-4547-b00d-f78dd5427215" %)
1043 +Use "** journalctl -u chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder -f(% data-sider-select-id="ab74df8a-b859-4afa-9c26-d0807e860e6c" %) (%%)**" to check the operation of ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder.
1044 +
1045 +[[image:image-20240518154223-5.png]]
1046 +
1047 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518143050-8.png?width=1170&height=702&rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518143050-8.png"]]
1048 +
1049 +
1050 +== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)10.2 As a Data-only hotspot connect the helium blockchain(%%) ==
1051 +
1052 +
1053 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1054 +(((
1055 +(% data-sider-select-id="3359233b-fcc9-4415-9bee-4151919fbb2e" %)
1056 +apt update && apt install helium-gateway
1057 +)))
1058 +
1059 +
1060 +
1061 += (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11. FAQ(%%) =
1062 +
1063 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9fbcac50-3c87-43d9-8611-8d311fcb7820" %)11.1 How to change Hostname(%%) ==
1064 +
1065 +
1066 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
1067 +
1068 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1069 +(((
1070 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
1071 +)))
1072 +
1073 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
1074 +
1075 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
1076 +
1077 +
1078 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="62cdc3f4-fb6f-4e4d-92a5-60449c8b462f" %).2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack(%%) ==
1079 +
1080 +
1081 +Migrate guide:
1082 +
1083 +To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
1084 +
1085 +**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
1086 +
1087 +**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
1088 +
1089 +
1090 +=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
1091 +
1092 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1093 +(((
1094 +wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
1095 +)))
1096 +
1097 +
1098 +=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
1099 +
1100 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1101 +
1102 +
1103 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="b2a44672-8abb-425d-a823-f2faa334cdb7" %).3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed(%%) ==
1104 +
1105 +
798 798  1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
799 799  
800 800  [[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
... ... @@ -810,20 +810,33 @@
810 810  [[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
811 811  
812 812  
813 -== 8.4 How to connect the helium blockchain as a Data-only hotspot ==
1121 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).4 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3.(%%) ==
814 814  
815 815  
816 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
817 -(((
818 -apt update && apt install helium-gateway
819 -)))
1124 +By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
820 820  
1126 +If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
821 821  
822 -= 9. Trouble Shooting =
1128 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
823 823  
824 -== 9.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
825 825  
1131 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
826 826  
1133 +
1134 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="82550df9-987d-4f58-9877-86a0c5e621a4" %).5 DIN Mount Reference:(%%) ==
1135 +
1136 +
1137 +[[image:image-20240318095605-1.jpeg||height="472" width="472"]]
1138 +
1139 +[[image:image-20240318095617-2.png]]
1140 +
1141 +
1142 +
1143 +
1144 += (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12. Trouble Shooting(%%) =
1145 +
1146 +== (% data-sider-select-id="cb7a0b2f-4144-4f58-86d0-64a15944840e" %)12.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'.(%%) ==
1147 +
827 827  [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
828 828  
829 829  
... ... @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@
839 839  [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
840 840  
841 841  
842 -== 9.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
1163 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="f34b4950-25aa-4a6d-a2b4-4af0ec0010a7" %).2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem(%%) ==
843 843  
844 844  
845 845  When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
... ... @@ -847,13 +847,13 @@
847 847  [[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
848 848  
849 849  
850 -== 9.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
1171 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="a7b8cd40-2ec5-4b4b-8220-d32ce0a303a0" %).3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check(%%) ==
851 851  
852 852  
853 853  When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
854 854  
855 855  
856 -**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
1177 +**~1. Check whether the configuration is correct**
857 857  
858 858  Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
859 859  
... ... @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@
869 869  If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
870 870  
871 871  
872 -== 9.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
1193 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="b7eec45b-ad8c-4621-a815-f457810d25f4" %).4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response?(%%) ==
873 873  
874 874  
875 875  When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
... ... @@ -878,21 +878,20 @@
878 878  [[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
879 879  
880 880  
881 -== 9.5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access ==
1202 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="ac1f33b3-1f28-477d-880c-534ac36adcbe" %).5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access(%%) ==
882 882  
883 883  
884 884  Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
885 885  
886 -
887 887  (% class="box infomessage" %)
888 888  (((
889 -apt update && apt install dragino-fallback
1209 +apt update && apt install *dragino*
890 890  
891 891  wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]]
892 892  )))
893 893  
894 894  
895 -== 9.6  How to clear data from the built-in server ==
1215 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="0621ef51-7fc1-47ca-86ee-cc1f28f6754b" %).6  How to reset the built-in server(%%) ==
896 896  
897 897  
898 898  **1) Build-in The Things Network**
... ... @@ -899,15 +899,19 @@
899 899  
900 900  Refer to this link to delete the Built-in server's device.
901 901  
902 -[[attach:Delete Device.docx||target="_blank"]]
1222 +[[Delete devices from Build-in The Things Network>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Delete%20devices%20from%20Build-in%20The%20Things%20Network/]]
903 903  
904 904  
905 905  **2) Build-in Chirpstack**
906 906  
1227 +Users need to click "Reset" on the Server~-~->NetServer interface, ChirpStack will be reset.
907 907  
908 -= (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)10. Supports(%%) =
1229 +[[image:image-20231106180846-5.png||height="310" width="668"]]
909 909  
910 910  
1232 += (% data-sider-select-id="7e5e9cb1-c1dc-4ea9-a9f7-9da676c581a5" style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)13. Supports(%%) =
1233 +
1234 +
911 911  (((
912 912  If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
913 913  )))
... ... @@ -916,7 +916,7 @@
916 916  With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
917 917  
918 918  
919 -= 11. Reference =
1243 += (% data-sider-select-id="f8ca68c9-99ed-4795-97c5-3d0d259131e9" %)14. Reference(%%) =
920 920  
921 921  
922 922  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
... ... @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@
925 925  
926 926  )))
927 927  
928 -= 12. Order Info =
1252 += (% data-sider-select-id="a056b4ad-7d05-42b4-ad74-7a3134f8010a" %)15. Order Info(%%) =
929 929  
930 930  
931 931  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@
957 957  More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
958 958  
959 959  
960 -= 13. Manufacturer Info =
1284 += (% data-sider-select-id="a4433cd3-3bbc-4e6b-8b18-0bd2bc4d6904" %)16. Manufacturer Info(%%) =
961 961  
962 962  
963 963  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
... ... @@ -967,7 +967,7 @@
967 967  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
968 968  
969 969  
970 -= 14. FCC Warning =
1294 += (% data-sider-select-id="b353afd6-b0f5-48e5-a114-3b5062cbf0d1" %)17. FCC Warning(%%) =
971 971  
972 972  
973 973  (((
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