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edited by Kilight Cao
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Title
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1 -LPS8v2 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
1 +LPS8v2 -- LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Content
... ... @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
8 8  
9 9  )))
10 10  
11 -**Table of Contents：**
11 +**Table of Contents:**
12 12  
13 13  {{toc/}}
14 14  
... ... @@ -16,23 +16,22 @@
16 16  
17 17  
18 18  
19 -= **1. Introduction** =
19 += 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 +== (% data-sider-select-id="66d5195f-ab1f-47c7-83cb-b027d0903e53" %)1.1 What is LPS8v2(%%) ==
21 21  
22 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** ==
23 23  
24 -
25 25  (((
26 26  (((
27 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
28 28  )))
29 29  
30 30  (((
31 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
32 32  )))
33 33  
34 34  (((
35 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
36 36  )))
37 37  
38 38  (((
... ... @@ -40,14 +40,13 @@
40 40  )))
41 41  
42 42  (((
43 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
44 44  )))
45 45  
46 46  
46 +== 1.2 Specifications ==
47 47  
48 -== **1.2 Specifications** ==
49 49  
50 -
51 51  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
52 52  
53 53  * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz
... ... @@ -59,18 +59,18 @@
59 59  * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
60 60  * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless
61 61  * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n
60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm
61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm
62 62  
63 63  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:**
64 64  
65 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
66 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
67 67  * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC
68 68  
69 +== 1.3 Features ==
69 69  
70 70  
71 -== **1.3 Features** ==
72 -
73 -
74 74  * Open Source Debian system
75 75  * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
76 76  * Remote Management
... ... @@ -83,55 +83,59 @@
83 83  ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder
84 84  ** LoRaWAN Basic Station
85 85  ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT)
86 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)//**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server
87 -* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)//**Node-Red**// (%%)local Application server
84 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**ChirpStack**(%%) local LoRaWAN server
85 +* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server
88 88  
87 +== 1.4 LED Indicators ==
89 89  
90 90  
91 -== **1.4 Block Diagram** ==
90 +LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are:
92 92  
93 93  
93 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered
94 94  
95 -== **1.5 LED Indicators** ==
95 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting
96 96  
97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
97 97  
98 -LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are:
99 + ✓  **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
99 99  
101 + ✓  **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
100 100  
101 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered//
103 + ✓**  SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
102 102  
103 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//:  This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting//
105 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
104 104  
105 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//:  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~://
106 106  
107 -// ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.//
108 +== 1.5 Button Intruction ==
108 108  
109 -// ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together//
110 110  
111 -// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.//
111 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
112 112  
113 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ WIFI LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.//
114 114  
114 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s  : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration
115 115  
116 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.
116 116  
117 -== **1.6 Button Intruction** ==
118 118  
119 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **the gateway will restore the factory settings.
119 119  
120 -LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
121 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
121 121  
122 122  
123 -(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s  : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration
124 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Restoring factory Settings does not erase data from the LPS8-V2 built-in server**
124 124  
125 - // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.//
126 +See this link for steps on how to clear data from the built-in server: **[[How to reset the built-in server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.6A0Howtoresetthebuilt-inserver]]**
126 126  
127 127  
128 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ **//**Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **//the gateway will restore the factory settings.//
129 +When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
129 129  
130 - //**LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.//
131 +The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
131 131  
133 +The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
132 132  
133 133  
134 -= **2. Quick Start** =
136 += 2. Quick Start =
135 135  
136 136  
137 137  The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network.
... ... @@ -139,18 +139,30 @@
139 139  In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network.
140 140  
141 141  
144 +== 2.1 Access and Configure LPS8-V2 ==
142 142  
143 -== **2.1 Connects to the network and accesses the gateway Web UI** ==
146 +=== 2.1.1 Find IP address of LPS8-V2 ===
144 144  
145 145  
146 -== **2.1.1 connect the network.** ==
149 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ====
147 147  
148 148  
149 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ===
152 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password:
150 150  
154 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino**
151 151  
156 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1**
157 +
158 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]]
159 +
160 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
161 +
162 +
163 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
164 +
165 +
152 152  (((
153 -Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
167 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
154 154  )))
155 155  
156 156  (((
... ... @@ -160,10 +160,39 @@
160 160  [[image:image-20220622100129-1.png||height="332" width="1263"]]
161 161  
162 162  
177 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
163 163  
164 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ===
165 165  
180 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]]
166 166  
182 +
183 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:**
184 +
185 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port
186 +
187 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252
188 +
189 +
190 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)**
191 +
192 +
193 +As in the below photo:
194 +
195 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]]
196 +
197 +
198 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]**
199 +
200 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.3A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
201 +
202 +
203 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
204 +
205 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
206 +
207 +
208 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
209 +
167 167  [[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
168 168  
169 169  
... ... @@ -183,13 +183,107 @@
183 183  [[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]]
184 184  
185 185  
229 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI ===
186 186  
187 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** ==
188 188  
232 +**Web Interface**
189 189  
190 -=== **2.2.1 Select your area frequency** ===
234 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method)
191 191  
192 192  
237 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP)
238 +
239 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below.
240 +
241 +The account details for Web Login are:
242 +
243 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root**
244 +
245 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
246 +
247 +[[image:image-20240318160845-1.png]]
248 +
249 +
250 +== 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
251 +
252 +=== 2.2.1  Overview ===
253 +
254 +
255 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes:
256 +
257 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode**
258 +
259 +* **WiFi Client Mode**
260 +
261 +* **Cellular Mode**
262 +
263 +=== 2.2.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ===
264 +
265 +
266 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%):
267 +
268 +
269 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]]
270 +
271 +
272 +=== 2.2.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ===
273 +
274 +
275 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
276 +
277 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi**
278 +
279 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]]
280 +
281 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect.
282 +
283 +
284 +=== 2.2.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ===
285 +
286 +
287 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4**
288 +
289 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem.
290 +
291 +
292 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
293 +
294 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
295 +
296 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card.
297 +
298 +
299 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]]
300 +
301 +
302 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular**
303 +
304 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
305 +
306 +
307 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
308 +
309 +
310 +**Note: In most cases, the user simply types in the APN and checks the enable checkbox, without typing Pincode, Username, or Password settings.**
311 +
312 +
313 +=== 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
314 +
315 +
316 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection.
317 +
318 +* GREEN Tick ​​​​ [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
319 +* Yellow  Tick  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
320 +* RED Cross  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet.
321 +
322 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]]
323 +
324 +
325 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network ==
326 +
327 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency ===
328 +
329 +
193 193  (((
194 194  First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
195 195  
... ... @@ -199,10 +199,9 @@
199 199  [[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]]
200 200  
201 201  
339 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI ===
202 202  
203 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** ===
204 204  
205 -
206 206  Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page:
207 207  
208 208  
... ... @@ -224,10 +224,9 @@
224 224  [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]]
225 225  
226 226  
363 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network ===
227 227  
228 -== **2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network** ==
229 229  
230 -
231 231  **Login to The Things Network**
232 232  
233 233  [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]
... ... @@ -241,34 +241,30 @@
241 241  **Get it online**
242 242  
243 243  
379 += 3. Web Configure Pages =
244 244  
245 -= **3. Web Configure Pages** =
381 +== 3.1 Home ==
246 246  
247 247  
248 -== **3.1 Home** ==
384 +Shows the system running status:
249 249  
250 -
251 -//Shows the system running status~://
252 -
253 253  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]]
254 254  
255 255  
389 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings ==
256 256  
257 -== **3.2 LoRa Settings** ==
391 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
258 258  
259 259  
260 -=== **3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa** ===
394 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.
261 261  
396 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges:
262 262  
263 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.//
398 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.
399 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
264 264  
265 -//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~://
266 -
267 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.//
268 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920//
269 -
270 270  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
271 -//After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**//
402 +After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
272 272  
273 273  
274 274  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
... ... @@ -280,26 +280,23 @@
280 280  )))
281 281  
282 282  
414 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
283 283  
284 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings** ==
416 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP ===
285 285  
286 286  
287 -=== **3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP** ===
419 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.
288 288  
289 289  
290 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.//
291 -
292 -
293 293  [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]]
294 294  
295 295  
425 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station ===
296 296  
297 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** ===
298 298  
428 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.
299 299  
300 -//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.//
301 301  
302 -
303 303  [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]]
304 304  
305 305  
... ... @@ -308,117 +308,313 @@
308 308  )))
309 309  
310 310  
439 +== 3.4 Network Settings ==
311 311  
312 -== **3.4 Network Settings** ==
441 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
313 313  
443 +Users can configure the wifi WAN and enable Wifi Access Point on this interface
314 314  
315 -=== **3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi** ===
445 +[[image:image-20230619095946-1.png||height="332" width="827"]]
316 316  
317 317  
318 -[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]]
448 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
319 319  
320 320  
451 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
321 321  
322 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** ===
323 323  
454 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
324 324  
325 -[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
326 326  
457 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address.
327 327  
459 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]]
328 328  
329 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** ===
330 330  
462 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
331 331  
332 -[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]]
333 333  
465 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar.
334 334  
467 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.**
335 335  
336 -== **3.5 System** ==
469 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]]
337 337  
338 338  
339 -=== **3.5.1  System ~-~-> System Overview** ===
472 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellular state.
340 340  
474 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]]
341 341  
476 +
477 +Note: Known bugs: 4g consumes a lot of data which has been fixed by the package: dragino-ui-230716
478 +
479 +[[Reduce data method>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H8.3Howtoreducethe4gdataconsumed]]
480 +
481 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H5.MQTTForwarder" %)
482 +(% id="cke_bm_4823S" style="display:none" %)
483 +
484 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
485 +== 3.5 Forwarder ==
486 +
487 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
488 +=== 3.5.1 Forwarder~-~->MQTT Forwarder ===
489 +
490 +
491 +In the latest version, MQTT Forwarder functionality has been added to the LPS8V2 gateway by default
492 +
493 +Users can configure the MQTT Forwarder on the **Forwarder~-~->MQTT** interface, and when the configuration is successful, it will forward the sensor data of the lorawan server chirpstack built in LPS8v2
494 +
495 +For a detailed example of this feature, see this link:**[[MQTT Forward Instruction - DRAGINO>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/#H3.3A0UseLoRaWANProtocolforcommunication--ForLPS8V2]]**
496 +
497 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
498 +[[image:image-20240831152113-2.png]]
499 +
500 +
501 +== 3.6 System ==
502 +
503 +=== 3.6.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
504 +
505 +
342 342  Shows the system info:
343 343  
344 -[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]]
508 +[[image:image-20231031162854-1.png]]
345 345  
346 346  
511 +=== 3.6.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
347 347  
348 -=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** ===
349 349  
514 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone.
350 350  
351 -[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]]
516 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address.
352 352  
518 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]]
353 353  
354 354  
355 -= **4. Build-in Server** =
521 +=== 3.6.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
356 356  
357 357  
358 -The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red, and**(%%) LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).**
524 +[[image:image-20231031162927-2.png]]
359 359  
526 +=== 3.6.4 System ~-~-> Reboot / Reset ===
360 360  
361 -[[image:image-20220820115644-1.png||height="217" width="778"]]
528 +In the **System-> Reboot / Reset** interface, users can can restart or reset the gateway.
362 362  
530 +ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
363 363  
364 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
532 +When the gateway restores the factory settings is complete,
365 365  
366 - **Path**: System ~-~-> Built-in Server
534 +The WiFi configuration will enable WiFi Access Point by default.
367 367  
536 +The other configuration will be restored to the default configuration.
368 368  
369 -**Troubleshooting:**
538 +[[image:image-20240203172853-1.png||height="365" width="901"]]
370 370  
371 371  
372 -**~ 1. URL does not jump properly**
541 +=== 3.6.5 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
373 373  
374 - For the ttn-stack, you can click the update the URL which will update the configuration where change the hostname to the current local IP address as the URL.
375 375  
376 - For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is 1880 to access it.
544 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
377 377  
378 378  
547 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]**
379 379  
380 -== **4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** ==
549 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
381 381  
382 382  
383 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
552 +=== 3.6.6 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
384 384  
385 -Such as  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
386 386  
555 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
387 387  
388 -Login account:
557 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
389 389  
390 -**User ID: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)admin(%%)**
391 391  
392 -**Password: ** ** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino(%%)**
560 +== 3.7 Logread ==
393 393  
562 +=== 3.7.1 LoRa Log ===
394 394  
395 -[[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]]
396 396  
565 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> LoRa Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway lora channel and the status of the IoT connection
397 397  
567 +[[image:image-20240416112509-1.png]]
398 398  
399 -== **4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** ==
400 400  
570 +=== 3.7.2 Gateway Traffic ===
401 401  
402 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
572 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> Gateway Traffic page**, The users can view sensor packages about Recent LoRa uplink/downlink/Join requests
403 403  
574 +[[image:image-20240416112618-2.png||height="705" width="1122"]]
404 404  
405 -Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
406 406  
577 +=== 3.7.3 System Log ===
407 407  
408 -[[image:image-20220725172124-3.png||height="610" width="843"]]
579 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> System Log page**, The users can view information about the gateway system
409 409  
581 +[[image:image-20240416112649-3.png||height="820" width="1122"]]
410 410  
411 411  
412 -= **5. How users can access LPS8v2 using serial USB** =
584 +=== 3.7.4 Record Log ===
413 413  
586 +In the **Lograde ~-~-> Recod Log page**, The users can record the gateway curren running log.
414 414  
415 -(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8v2  Connection:**
588 +[[image:image-20240416112712-4.png||height="319" width="1128"]]
416 416  
417 417  
418 -Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8v2 is GND
419 419  
592 += 4. Build-in Server =
593 +
594 +After the v1.7-230606 version, the LPS8-V2 default factory pre-installed the LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%), Application Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%).
595 +
596 +
597 +== 1). LoRaWAN Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**ChirpStack-V4**(%%) ==
598 +
599 +[[image:image-20231106180816-4.png||height="416" width="896"]]
600 +
601 +[[image:image-20231201165904-1.png||height="466" width="899"]]
602 +
603 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)ChirpStack-V4 (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button, and the login account: admin/admin(%%)**
604 +
605 +For more information on server operations see [[Register LPSV2 to the built-in Chirpstack>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
606 +
607 +
608 +
609 +== 2). Application Network Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red**(%%) ==
610 +
611 +
612 +[[image:image-20230616175558-7.png||height="362" width="894"]]
613 +
614 +[[image:image-20231201170355-2.png||height="536" width="899"]]
615 +
616 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:  The user can access the**(%%)** (% style="color:blue" %)Node-RED (% style="color:red" %)via click the 'Launch' button(%%)**
617 +
618 +
619 +
620 +== **3). Troubleshooting:** ==
621 +
622 +
623 +* (((
624 +=== ** If the URL does not jump properly.** ===
625 +)))
626 +
627 + For the ChirpStack, you can use the local IP address and the port is **8080** to access it.
628 +
629 + For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is **1880** to access it.
630 +
631 +
632 +* (((
633 +=== ** How to install InfluxDB, Garfana.** ===
634 +)))
635 +
636 + The LPS8V2 is not pre-installed with InfluxDB and Garfana, the users can install them, see [[InfluxDB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
637 +
638 +
639 +* (((
640 +=== ** How to upgrade the gateway node.js to the latest version.** ===
641 +)))
642 +
643 + The user can upgrade nodejs, see [[Upgrade Nodejs>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
644 +
645 +
646 +* (((
647 +=== ** How to batch register device on the built-in Chirpstack network server** ===
648 +)))
649 +
650 + The user can register devices in batch on the gateway Web UI, see [[Batch Register>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20ChirpStack/#H11.A0HowtouseChirpstackAPItobatchregisterSensorNode2FGatewayinChistapstackServer]]
651 +
652 +
653 +* (((
654 +=== ** Why my gateway is not Chirpstack?** ===
655 +)))
656 +
657 + After June '23, the default factory LPS8V2 pre-installed Chirpstack-V4 instead of The Things Stack, the users can migrate to Chistack-V4, see **[[Change TTN Stack v3 to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
658 +
659 +
660 +* (((
661 +=== ** How to disable the built-in server** ===
662 +)))
663 +
420 420  (% class="box infomessage" %)
421 421  (((
666 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:**     **
667 +
668 +**# start**
669 +systemctl start ttnstack
670 +
671 +**# stop**
672 +systemctl stop ttnstack
673 +
674 +**# enable**
675 +systemctl enable ttnstack
676 +
677 +**#disable**
678 +systemctl disable ttnstack
679 +)))
680 +
681 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
682 +(((
683 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
684 +
685 +**# start**
686 +systemctl start nodered
687 +
688 +**# stop**
689 +systemctl stop nodered
690 +
691 +**# enable**
692 +systemctl enable nodered
693 +
694 +**#disable**
695 +systemctl disable nodered
696 +)))
697 +
698 +
699 +* (((
700 +=== ** How to choose the Chirpstack server frequency SubBand** ===
701 +)))
702 +
703 +**~ ** The user has to choose a SubBand if using CN470, US915, AU915, or AS923.
704 +
705 + Note: Since the subbands of the Chirpstack are counted from 0, us915_1 of the Chirpstack is equal to US915 FSB2, so if your LoRa Rdio is using the US915 FSB2 you have to choose the us915_1 as the Chirpstack FSB.
706 +
707 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
708 +
709 +
710 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
711 +
712 +
713 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding the device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
714 +
715 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
716 +
717 +
718 +
719 += 5. Watch Dog =
720 +
721 +
722 +The watchdog will guard the LPS8V2 to avoid the need to perform a reboot manually after down occurs
723 +
724 +
725 +LPS8-V2 supports the Watch Dog but is not enabled by the previous releases(2023-11-24 )
726 +
727 +The uses can be via the below method to enable Watch Dog:
728 +
729 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
730 +(((
731 +wget -P /tmp/ http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/watchdog/enable_watchdog.sh && chmod +x /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh && /tmp/enable_watchdog.sh
732 +)))
733 +
734 +[[image:image-20231124113209-1.png||height="470" width="1157"]]
735 +
736 +
737 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
738 +
739 +
740 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2  Connection:**
741 +
742 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND
743 +
744 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
745 +(((
422 422  **TXD  <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)**
423 423  
424 424  **RXD  <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)**
... ... @@ -426,13 +426,10 @@
426 426  **GND <~-~--> GND (Black line)**
427 427  )))
428 428  
429 -
430 430  **LPS8v2 UART connection photo**
431 431  
432 -[[image:image-20220804163015-1.png||height="621" width="466"]]
755 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]]
433 433  
434 -
435 -
436 436  In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below:
437 437  
438 438  
... ... @@ -442,111 +442,425 @@
442 442  [[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]]
443 443  
444 444  
766 += 7. OTA System Update =
445 445  
446 -= **6. Use the helium gateway-rs as the Data-only Hotspot** =
447 447  
769 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature.
448 448  
449 -== **Step 1: Configure Frequency Band** ==
450 450  
772 +== 7.1 Auto-update method ==
451 451  
452 -//Each country has a requirement for frequency region. Choose the right one for your area.//
453 453  
454 -[[image:image-20220905164308-1.png]]
775 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function.
455 455  
777 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight.
456 456  
457 457  
458 -== **Step 2: Configure the forward address** ==
780 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page
459 459  
782 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]]
460 460  
461 -**Select one of the servers to configure.**
462 462  
463 -**For example:**
785 +== 7.2 Manual upgrade method ==
464 464  
465 -[[image:image-20220905164847-2.png]]
466 466  
788 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
467 467  
790 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
791 +(((
792 +**apt update && apt install *dragino***
793 +)))
468 468  
469 -== **Step 3: Download and Install the Helium-gateway-rs** ==
470 470  
796 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
471 471  
472 -**Access the gateway CLI via SSH.**
798 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
473 473  
474 -[[image:image-20220905165222-3.png]]
800 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
475 475  
476 476  
477 -**Download gateway-rs.**
803 += (% data-sider-select-id="f31494a0-5f58-4b5c-820e-9cb1be76d96f" %)8 How do I view gateway logs(%%) =
478 478  
479 -[[image:image-20220905165715-5.png]]
805 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="2c782a3d-7138-45c4-bbdf-09c0e27ef896" %)8.1 LoRaWAN Log:(%%) ===
480 480  
807 +
808 +==== Semtech UDP Log : ====
809 +
810 +When the gateway starts LoRaWAN Semtech UDP, users can check the logs of the Semtech UDP in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
811 +
812 +[[image:image-20231017112115-2.png||height="611" width="821"]]
813 +
814 +
815 +==== Station Log: ====
816 +
817 +When the gateway starts Basic Station, users can check the logs of the station in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface
818 +
819 +[[image:image-20231017111606-1.png||height="622" width="821"]]
820 +
821 +
822 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="de76f982-b2e5-4327-aab4-8890814f5f53" %)8.2  4G Log(%%) ===
823 +
824 +
825 +User needs to access the Linux console of the gateway and enter the following command:
826 +
481 481  (% class="box infomessage" %)
482 482  (((
483 -**Command: wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb]]**
829 +cat /var/log/qmilog.txt
484 484  )))
485 485  
832 +[[image:image-20231017114417-3.png||height="543" width="679"]]
486 486  
487 -**Install gateway-rs.**
488 488  
489 -[[image:image-20220905165917-7.png]]
835 +LPS8v2 use **quectel-CM** linux drive for dial up. The manual of this driver can be found here: [[**quectel-CM driver user manual**>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/73n2jl2c5r8h4i187to4n/Quectel_WCDMA_LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9-20190212.pdf?rlkey=j8834bw38d4neieisg54zngu9&st=kjsd4zx4&dl=0]].
490 490  
837 +Below are some commands as reference:
838 +
839 +>Usage:  /usr/bin/quectel-CM [options]
840 +> -s [apn [user password auth]]  Set apn/user/password/auth get from your network provider. auth: 1~~pap, 2~~chap
841 +> -p pincode Verify sim card pin if sim card is locked
842 +> -p [quectel-][qmi|mbim]-proxy  Request to use proxy
843 +> -f logfilename Save log message of this program to file
844 +> -u usbmonlog filename  Save usbmon log to file
845 +> -i interface Specify which network interface to setup data call when multi-modems exits
846 +> -4 Setup IPv4 data call (default)
847 +> -6 Setup IPv6 data call
848 +> -k pdn Specify which pdn to hangup data call (by send SIGINT to 'quectel-CM -n pdn')
849 +> -m iface-idx Bind QMI data call to wwan0_<iface idx> when QMAP used. E.g '-n 7 -m 1' bind pdn-7 data call to wwan0_1
850 +> -b Enable network interface bridge function (default 0)
851 +> -v Verbose log mode, for debug purpose.[Examples]
852 +>Example 1: /usr/bin/quectel-CM
853 +>Example 2: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet
854 +>Example 3: /usr/bin/quectel-CM -s 3gnet -v
855 +
856 +
857 +
858 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="ec43d85c-19ec-48b0-a4fc-0ecd76f17fc4" %)8.3 Dmesg Log(%%) ===
859 +
860 +
861 +Users can check the logs of the Dmesg in the **LogRead ~-~-> System Log** interface:
862 +
863 +[[image:image-20231017115330-5.png||height="565" width="740"]]
864 +
865 +
866 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="3a977a3e-9417-40fa-bdfb-2544a88744a9" %)8.4 Record Log(%%) ===
867 +
868 +
869 +Users can record DMESG logs and LoRaWAN logs on the **LogRead ~-~->Record Log** interface
870 +
871 +[[image:image-20231017115124-4.png||height="215" width="880"]]
872 +
873 +
874 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="b988f832-4b37-4a61-b951-ff2138ad9cba" %)8.5 View gateway logs via Linux Command(%%) ===
875 +
876 +
877 +**Semtech UDP Log :**
878 +
491 491  (% class="box infomessage" %)
492 492  (((
493 -**Command: dpkg -i helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb **
881 +**journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
494 494  )))
495 495  
884 +[[image:image-20231207144627-1.png||height="371" width="1017"]]
496 496  
497 -**Modify configuration.**
498 498  
887 +**Station Log:**
499 499  
500 -[[image:image-20220905173847-12.png]]
889 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
890 +(((
891 +**tail -f /var/log/station.log **
892 +)))
501 501  
894 +[[image:image-20231207144758-2.png||height="132" width="1022"]]
502 502  
896 +
897 +**Dmesg Log:**
898 +
503 503  (% class="box infomessage" %)
504 504  (((
505 -**region=<Enter regional parameters> \
506 -&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml && sed -i "1 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml \
507 -&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml && sed -i "22 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml**
901 +**dmesg**
508 508  )))
509 509  
904 +[[image:image-20231207145210-3.png||height="310" width="1021"]]
510 510  
511 -**Restart the helium_gateway**
512 512  
513 -[[image:image-20220905170920-9.png]]
514 514  
908 +(% data-sider-select-id="65e92cfb-62df-4513-8469-b74edd72dea5" %)
909 += (% data-sider-select-id="ce97a758-4348-4c0c-86eb-412b6b8d3996" %)9. More Services(%%) =
515 515  
911 +== (% data-sider-select-id="6b164b64-51ae-4144-8ffd-5cd725b3bb5f" %)9.1 NTP Service/Time Synchronization(%%) ==
912 +
913 +The gateway time sync service is provided by chrony service
914 +
915 +
916 +=== 1). Modify the NTP server address: ===
917 +
516 516  (% class="box infomessage" %)
517 517  (((
518 -**systemctl restart helium_gateway**
920 +Configuration file path:  /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
519 519  )))
520 520  
521 521  
522 -**Check the helium_gateway Log：**
924 +=== 2). Start/Stop/Enable/Disable NTP service: ===
523 523  
524 -[[image:image-20220905173952-13.png]]
926 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
927 +(((
928 +systemctl start chrony
929 +\\systemctl stop chrony
930 +\\systemctl disable chrony
931 +\\systemctl enable chrony
932 +)))
525 525  
526 526  
935 +(% data-sider-select-id="61881d06-3f91-437c-8b64-7032dea3c970" %)
936 += (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10. More features(%%) =
937 +
938 +(% data-sider-select-id="692f00f1-a7cc-4954-ac62-0a5dddb0a0c6" %)
939 +== (% data-sider-select-id="ec6a5e23-ba91-46d9-8042-1e4c6a7b3b36" %)10.1 Chirpstack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ==
940 +
941 +
942 +ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder is a MQTT packet forwarder for LoRa gateways. By default it forwards packets in Protobuf binary format, optionally it can be configured to use JSON encoding for debugging. In contrast to the ChirpStack Gateway Bridge, this component must always be installed on the gateway.
943 +
944 +
945 +(% data-sider-select-id="d2b54844-aad8-4198-9f17-841cd68db9b3" %)
946 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="0870eb11-ff25-47fc-9e3c-80a68bbf3933" %).1.1 Configure Packet Forwarder(%%) ===
947 +
948 +In the Dragino web-interface, you must configure the Packet Forwarder such that it forwards to localhost on port 1700.
949 +
950 +(% data-sider-select-id="48576a4e-42ef-4ac9-83b4-122fc10c6629" %)
951 +By default, the web-interface can be accessed by entering the following URL in your browser: (% data-sider-select-id="c2683c51-0bf8-4ac5-87be-c50edacc8f4b" %)**http:~/~/GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS**(%%) (replace GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS by the actual IP address of your gateway). The default credentials are root / dragino.
952 +
953 +* In the **LoRaWAN** menu, click **LoRaWAN ~-~- Semtech UDP**
954 +* Configure the following settings:
955 +** **Service Provider:** //Custom / Private LoRaWAN//
956 +** **Server Address:** localhost
957 +** **Uplink Port:** 1700
958 +** **Downlink Port:** 1700
959 +* Click **Save & Apply**
960 +
961 +[[image:image-20240518145929-2.png||height="652" width="727"]]
962 +
963 +
964 +(% data-sider-select-id="716df9b1-d844-4797-bce9-9b1adf49b072" %)
965 +=== (% data-sider-select-id="fb64fcfa-81b6-41b5-ae81-81d94960d7dd" %)10(% data-sider-select-id="ffba644f-a9d5-4e93-a9da-9f9e49d596d9" %).1.2 Install ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder(%%) ===
966 +
967 +
968 +(% data-sider-select-id="2a752131-c23e-4da4-b142-5880dd688c39" %)
969 +(% data-sider-select-id="833bbe42-c175-4e13-ab7a-c8abc30378d0" %)**SSH login**
970 +
971 +First you must login into the gateway using SSH:
972 +
973 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="608a94b0-8dee-453d-9433-5fe12c6559e5" %)
974 +(((
975 +ssh root@GATEWAY-IP-ADDRESS
976 +)))
977 +
978 +(% data-sider-select-id="63adc977-8227-4585-ab1d-eea44a01c34c" %)
979 +The default password is: (% data-sider-select-id="5fad2844-9bd3-49e2-979b-ffd184b923cf" %)**dragino**(%%).
980 +
981 +
982 +(% data-sider-select-id="216fb9b4-6cee-4cb6-8b71-0a9cda3bd96a" %)
983 +(% data-sider-select-id="914750d6-03c5-48fe-ad27-49e99d95d877" %)**Download **(% data-sider-select-id="94e274ee-d341-40dc-8ca8-dc3c3b4c4981" %)**package**
984 +
985 +(% data-sider-select-id="f95485e3-b535-4ea2-b0aa-0c46b5254782" %)
986 +Use the following commands to download the latest version of the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder package:
987 +
988 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="ab1338ab-a215-4185-8552-1efd6e067858" %)
989 +(((
990 +cd /tmp
991 +wget https:~/~/artifacts.chirpstack.io/downloads/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
992 +)))
993 +
994 +
995 +(% data-sider-select-id="e59f1bad-427f-47b8-bc97-a818490576c4" %)
996 +(% data-sider-select-id="1b512eaf-c564-4835-afac-548b9a6a7045" %)**Install **
997 +
998 +Use the dpkg package-manager to install the downloaded package. Example:
999 +
1000 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="7e7ff0cf-c367-4ff0-9387-f4eb82f3c89e" %)
1001 +(((
1002 +dpkg -i chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder_4.3.0_linux_armhf.deb
1003 +)))
1004 +
1005 +[[image:image-20240518152148-4.png]]
1006 +
1007 +
1008 +(% data-sider-select-id="69e4a485-6ea8-46e7-97a3-8666bc9423a7" %)
1009 +**Configuration**
1010 +
1011 +To connect the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder to your MQTT broker, you must update the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder configuration file.
1012 +
1013 +(% data-sider-select-id="e98443ef-dcc1-4be1-ad3e-ec31b0a580b4" %)
1014 +This file is located at: (% data-sider-select-id="60301edc-5082-44e9-a91a-688327092116" %)**/etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml**
1015 +
1016 +
1017 +**ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder Setting:**
1018 +
1019 +(% class="box" data-sider-select-id="1d70062d-64ab-410b-bd8e-476c73d5dd70" %)
1020 +(((
1021 +topic_prefix  ~-~->  This corresponds to the frequency of the ChirpStack server
1022 +
1023 +server  ~-~->  Fill in the ChirpStack server address, Example: tcp:~/~/10.130.2.15:1883
1024 +)))
1025 +
1026 +username,password,ca_cert,tls_cert,tls_key parameters should be set as required.
1027 +
1028 +
1029 +Use commands to modify configuration files:
1030 +
1031 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="d552b27f-cfd2-4f5a-9b7f-b627f5dd3387" %)
1032 +(((
1033 +vim /etc/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder/chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder.toml
1034 +)))
1035 +
1036 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518141059-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518141059-6.png"]]
1037 +
1038 +
1039 +**(Re)start and stop commands**
1040 +
1041 +Use the following commands to (re)start and stop the ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder service:
1042 +
1043 +(% class="box infomessage" data-sider-select-id="61c3c343-2cb9-4b07-8741-5d5da2d88ec3" %)
1044 +(((
1045 +# start
1046 +
1047 +(% data-sider-select-id="5482a31e-3aa0-403c-aec5-117839958068" %)
1048 +systemctl start chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1049 +
1050 +# stop
1051 +
1052 +systemctl stop chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1053 +
1054 +# restart
1055 +
1056 +systemctl restart chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder
1057 +)))
1058 +
1059 +(% data-sider-select-id="1cea423f-9653-47e6-8022-aadcb684f191" %)
1060 +(% data-sider-select-id="f385e712-68bc-48fd-8b94-67a0c7e7cb70" %)**Note: If the LPS8v2 built-in server is running, it will cause a port conflict**
1061 +
1062 +
1063 +**Check result**
1064 +
1065 +(% data-sider-select-id="43d1d40a-2620-4547-b00d-f78dd5427215" %)
1066 +Use "** journalctl -u chirpstack-mqtt-forwarder -f(% data-sider-select-id="ab74df8a-b859-4afa-9c26-d0807e860e6c" %) (%%)**" to check the operation of ChirpStack MQTT Forwarder.
1067 +
1068 +[[image:image-20240518154223-5.png]]
1069 +
1070 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20240518143050-8.png?width=1170&height=702&rev=1.1||alt="image-20240518143050-8.png"]]
1071 +
1072 +
1073 +== (% data-sider-select-id="de90793f-d833-4885-8b59-d0880f7256e6" %)10.2 As a Data-only hotspot connect the helium blockchain(%%) ==
1074 +
1075 +
527 527  (% class="box infomessage" %)
528 528  (((
529 -**journalctl -u helium_gateway -f**
1078 +(% data-sider-select-id="3359233b-fcc9-4415-9bee-4151919fbb2e" %)
1079 +apt update && apt install helium-gateway
530 530  )))
531 531  
532 532  
533 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: if your device is not finished the onboarding, which is unable to connect to the Helium console.**
534 534  
535 -where the helium gateway log is shown:
1084 += (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11. FAQ(%%) =
536 536  
537 -[[image:image-20220905174534-14.png]]
1086 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9fbcac50-3c87-43d9-8611-8d311fcb7820" %)11.1 How to change Hostname(%%) ==
538 538  
539 539  
540 -So you have to finish the onboarding, ~-~--Please refer to [[Step 2.7>>doc:Main.Notes for Helium.WebHome||anchor="H2.7A0Step6:OnboardingData-OnlyHotspot"]] to onboarding your LPS8-V2.
1089 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
541 541  
1091 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1092 +(((
1093 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
1094 +)))
542 542  
1096 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
543 543  
544 -= **7. Trouble Shooting** =
1098 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
545 545  
546 546  
547 -== 7.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
1101 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="62cdc3f4-fb6f-4e4d-92a5-60449c8b462f" %).2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack(%%) ==
548 548  
549 549  
1104 +Migrate guide:
1105 +
1106 +To stabilize the completion of the migration, The users can migrate in one of the following ways
1107 +
1108 +**Method 1. Using the Linux shell, **
1109 +
1110 +**Method 2. Flash a new image with the Chirpstack**
1111 +
1112 +
1113 +=== Method 1: Using the Linux shell ===
1114 +
1115 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1116 +(((
1117 +wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
1118 +)))
1119 +
1120 +
1121 +=== Method 2: Flash a new image ===
1122 +
1123 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1124 +
1125 +
1126 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="b2a44672-8abb-425d-a823-f2faa334cdb7" %).3 How to reduce the 4g data consumed(%%) ==
1127 +
1128 +
1129 +1). The gateway will check the network via ping 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8 which will consume a lot of data, you can set the interval time to reduce data consume.
1130 +
1131 +[[image:image-20230719100239-1.png||height="724" width="994"]]
1132 +
1133 +
1134 +2. Change the LoRa status package interval time: It does not affect the connection between the gateway and the server, just the status packet interval
1135 +
1136 +[[image:image-20230719100332-2.png]]
1137 +
1138 +
1139 +3. Disable the auto-update:
1140 +
1141 +[[image:image-20230719100419-3.png||height="458" width="995"]]
1142 +
1143 +
1144 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).4 How to change built-in LoRaWAN Server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3.(%%) ==
1145 +
1146 +
1147 +By default, the LPS8v2's built-in server is ChirpStack v4,
1148 +
1149 +If the user needs to change the built-in server from ChirpStack v4 to TTN Stack v3, the User needs to download the image and flash it to the LPS8v2 gateway:
1150 +
1151 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qwtaw4i4dqonzramr93e4/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.rar?rlkey=nrftlkd1h8en6j07vzbhpj9ui&dl=0]]
1152 +
1153 +
1154 +Image flash steps: [[How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2)>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.3A0Howtoflashanewimage28OS29tothegateway28LPS8V229]]
1155 +
1156 +
1157 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="457c03ce-1aaa-44c6-bf8e-0298ca8045e4" %).5 (%%)How to check my USB port dev/tty after i plug in USB device. ==
1158 +
1159 +
1160 +When an external USB device is connected to LPS8v2, the user can access the Linux console of the LPS8v2 gateway and run the following command to check the USB port dev/tty:
1161 +
1162 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
1163 +(((
1164 +dmesg
1165 +)))
1166 +
1167 +[[image:image-20240803095144-1.png]]
1168 +
1169 +
1170 +
1171 +== (% data-sider-select-id="20d4ea6b-7328-46c6-bc97-f0050cfe382e" %)11(% data-sider-select-id="82550df9-987d-4f58-9877-86a0c5e621a4" %).6 DIN Mount Reference:(%%) ==
1172 +
1173 +
1174 +[[image:image-20240318095605-1.jpeg||height="472" width="472"]]
1175 +
1176 +[[image:image-20240318095617-2.png]]
1177 +
1178 +
1179 +
1180 +
1181 += (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12. Trouble Shooting(%%) =
1182 +
1183 +== (% data-sider-select-id="cb7a0b2f-4144-4f58-86d0-64a15944840e" %)12.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'.(%%) ==
1184 +
550 550  [[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
551 551  
552 552  
... ... @@ -562,21 +562,87 @@
562 562  [[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
563 563  
564 564  
1200 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="f34b4950-25aa-4a6d-a2b4-4af0ec0010a7" %).2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem(%%) ==
565 565  
566 566  
567 -= (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**8. Supports**(%%) =
1203 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
568 568  
1205 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
569 569  
1207 +
1208 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="a7b8cd40-2ec5-4b4b-8220-d32ce0a303a0" %).3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check(%%) ==
1209 +
1210 +
1211 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
1212 +
1213 +
1214 +**~1. Check whether the configuration is correct**
1215 +
1216 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
1217 +
1218 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure.
1219 +
1220 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]]
1221 +
1222 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]]
1223 +
1224 +
1225 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled**
1226 +
1227 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
1228 +
1229 +
1230 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="b7eec45b-ad8c-4621-a815-f457810d25f4" %).4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response?(%%) ==
1231 +
1232 +
1233 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
1234 +
1235 +
1236 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
1237 +
1238 +
1239 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="ac1f33b3-1f28-477d-880c-534ac36adcbe" %).5  Why the LPS8V2's Access Point does not do not appear & Fallback IP unable to access(%%) ==
1240 +
1241 +
1242 +Earlier versions of the LPS8V2 which missing the AP driver and not installed the fallback package, so the users have to do an extra update.
1243 +
1244 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
570 570  (((
571 -**//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**
1246 +apt update && apt install *dragino*
1247 +
1248 +wget -P /tmp/ [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]] && dpkg -i /tmp/[[linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-packages/linux-image-current-draginohp0z_22.05.2_armhf.deb]]
572 572  )))
573 573  
1251 +
1252 +== (% data-sider-select-id="9b024263-b754-45b6-ac15-22f86a4e1436" %)12(% data-sider-select-id="0621ef51-7fc1-47ca-86ee-cc1f28f6754b" %).6  How to reset the built-in server(%%) ==
1253 +
1254 +
1255 +**1) Build-in The Things Network**
1256 +
1257 +Refer to this link to delete the Built-in server's device.
1258 +
1259 +[[Delete devices from Build-in The Things Network>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Delete%20devices%20from%20Build-in%20The%20Things%20Network/]]
1260 +
1261 +
1262 +**2) Build-in Chirpstack**
1263 +
1264 +Users need to click "Reset" on the Server~-~->NetServer interface, ChirpStack will be reset.
1265 +
1266 +[[image:image-20231106180846-5.png||height="310" width="668"]]
1267 +
1268 +
1269 += (% data-sider-select-id="7e5e9cb1-c1dc-4ea9-a9f7-9da676c581a5" style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)13. Supports(%%) =
1270 +
1271 +
574 574  (((
575 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//**
1273 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
1274 +)))
576 576  
1276 +(((
1277 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
577 577  
578 578  
579 -= **9. Reference** =
1280 += (% data-sider-select-id="f8ca68c9-99ed-4795-97c5-3d0d259131e9" %)14. Reference(%%) =
580 580  
581 581  
582 582  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
... ... @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
585 585  
586 586  )))
587 587  
588 -= **10. Order Info** =
1289 += (% data-sider-select-id="a056b4ad-7d05-42b4-ad74-7a3134f8010a" %)15. Order Info(%%) =
589 589  
590 590  
591 591  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -593,26 +593,33 @@
593 593  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band
594 594  
595 595  * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band
1297 +
596 596  * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band
1299 +
597 597  * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band
1301 +
598 598  * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band
1303 +
599 599  * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band
1305 +
600 600  * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
601 601  
602 602  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option
603 603  
604 -* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
605 -* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%):  North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
606 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
607 -* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%):  Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
1310 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India
608 608  
609 -More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1312 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus
610 610  
1314 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
611 611  
1316 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %):  Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI
612 612  
613 -= **10. Manufacturer Info** =
1318 +More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
614 614  
615 615  
1321 += (% data-sider-select-id="a4433cd3-3bbc-4e6b-8b18-0bd2bc4d6904" %)16. Manufacturer Info(%%) =
1322 +
1323 +
616 616  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
617 617  
618 618  Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai),  No.8 CaiYunRoad
... ... @@ -620,10 +620,9 @@
620 620  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
621 621  
622 622  
1331 += (% data-sider-select-id="b353afd6-b0f5-48e5-a114-3b5062cbf0d1" %)17. FCC Warning(%%) =
623 623  
624 -= **11. FCC Warning** =
625 625  
626 -
627 627  (((
628 628  This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
629 629  )))
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