Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/12/31 16:31
<
From version < 107.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/09/17 14:20
To version < 222.1 >
edited by Kilight Cao
on 2023/06/16 17:55
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20230616175558-7.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Content
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16 16  
17 17  
18 18  
19 -= **1. Introduction** =
19 += 1. Introduction =
20 20  
21 +== 1.1 What is LPS8v2 ==
21 21  
22 -== **1.1 What is LPS8v2** ==
23 23  
24 -
25 25  (((
26 26  (((
27 -The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:green" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:green" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
26 +The LPS8v2 is an (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source LoRaWAN Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via (% style="color:blue" %)**WiFi , Ethernet or Cellular Network**(%%) (via Optional 4G module). The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data rates.
28 28  )))
29 29  
30 30  (((
31 -The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:green" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
30 +The LPS8v2 is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It supports different kinds of LoRaWAN Network Connections such as: (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder, LoRaWAN Basic Station, ChirpStack MQTT Bridge**(%%), and so on. This makes LPS8V2 work with most LoRaWAN platforms in the market.
32 32  )))
33 33  
34 34  (((
35 -LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:green" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
34 +LPS8v2 also includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**built-in LoRaWAN Server and IoT server**(%%), which provide the possibility for the system integrator to deploy the IoT service without cloud service or 3rd servers.
36 36  )))
37 37  
38 38  (((
... ... @@ -40,14 +40,13 @@
40 40  )))
41 41  
42 42  (((
43 -LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:green" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
42 +LPS8v2 supports (% style="color:blue" %)**remote management**(%%). System Integrator can easy to remote monitor the gateway and maintain it.
44 44  )))
45 45  
46 46  
46 +== 1.2 Specifications ==
47 47  
48 -== **1.2 Specifications** ==
49 49  
50 -
51 51  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
52 52  
53 53  * CPU: Quad-core Cortex-A7 1.2Ghz
... ... @@ -59,19 +59,20 @@
59 59  * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
60 60  * Multi-Channel LoRaWAN Wireless
61 61  * WiFi 802.11 b/g/n
60 +* Sensitivity: -140dBm
61 +* Max Output Power: 27dBm
62 62  
63 63  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Operating Condition:**
64 64  
65 -* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
66 -* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 65°C
65 +* Work Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
66 +* Storage Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C
67 67  * Power Input: 5V, 2A, DC
68 68  
69 69  
70 70  
71 +== 1.3 Features ==
71 71  
72 -== **1.3 Features** ==
73 73  
74 -
75 75  * Open Source Debian system
76 76  * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
77 77  * Remote Management
... ... @@ -84,75 +84,81 @@
84 84  ** Semtech UDP Packet Forwarder
85 85  ** LoRaWAN Basic Station
86 86  ** ChirpStack-Gateway-Bridge (MQTT)
87 -* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)//**The Things Network**//(%%) local LoRaWAN server
88 -* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)//**Node-Red**// (%%)local Application server
86 +* Built-in (% style="color:#037691" %)**The Things Network**(%%) local LoRaWAN server
87 +* Built-in  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Node-Red** (%%)local Application server
89 89  
90 90  
91 91  
91 +== 1.4 LED Indicators ==
92 92  
93 -== **1.4 Block Diagram** ==
94 94  
94 +LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are:
95 95  
96 96  
97 -== **1.5 LED Indicators** ==
97 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Power LED**(%%): This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered
98 98  
99 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ ETH LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting
99 99  
100 -LPS8-V2 has totally four LEDs, They are:
101 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ SYS LED**(%%):  This RGB LED will show different colors in different states:
101 101  
103 + ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.
102 102  
103 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ Power LED**//(%%)//: This RED LED will be solid if the device is properly powered//
105 + ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together
104 104  
105 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ ETH LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will blink GREEN when the ETH port is connecting//
107 + ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.
106 106  
107 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ SYS LED**//(%%)//: This RGB LED will show different colors in different states~://
109 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ WIFI LED**(%%): This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.
108 108  
109 -// ✓ **SOLID GREEN:** The device is alive with a LoRaWAN server connection.//
110 110  
111 -// ✓ **BLINKING GREEN:** a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will BLINKING GREEN for several seconds and then with BLINKING GREEN together//
112 +== 1.5 Button Intruction ==
112 112  
113 -// ✓** SOLID RED:** Device doesn't have an Internet connection.//
114 114  
115 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ WIFI LED**//(%%)//: This LED shows the WIFI interface connection status.//
115 +LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
116 116  
117 117  
118 +(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s  : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration
118 118  
119 -== **1.6 Button Intruction** ==
120 + // // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.
120 120  
121 121  
122 -LPS8-V2 has a black toggle button, which is:
123 +(% style="color:blue" %)**➢ Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **the gateway will restore the factory settings.
123 123  
125 + **LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.
124 124  
125 -(% style="color:blue" %)**//➢ //Long press 4-5s  : **(%%)the gateway will reload the Network and Initialize wifi configuration
126 126  
127 - // **LED status: ** ETH LED will BLINKIND BULE Until the reload is finished.//
128 += 2. Quick Start =
128 128  
129 129  
130 -(% style="color:blue" %)//**➢ **//**Long press more than 10s:**(%%)**    **//the gateway will restore the factory settings.//
131 +The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network.
131 131  
132 - //**LED status: ** ETH LED will SOLID BULE Until the restore is finished.//
133 +In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network.
133 133  
134 134  
136 +== 2.1 Connects to the network and accesses the gateway Web UI ==
135 135  
136 -= **2. Quick Start** =
138 +=== 2.1.1 connect the network ===
137 137  
138 138  
139 -The LPS8-V2 supports network access via Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection and runs without a network.
141 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 WiFi ====
140 140  
141 -In most cases, the first thing you need to do is make the lps8-v2 accessible to the network.
142 142  
144 +Since software version **230524**,At the first boot of LPS8-V2, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(%%)with password:
143 143  
146 +(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**dragino+dragino**
144 144  
145 -== **2.1 Connects to the network and accesses the gateway Web UI** ==
148 +User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the LPS8-V2 has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)**10.130.1.1**
146 146  
150 +[[image:image-20230527084515-1.png]]
147 147  
148 -== **2.1.1 connect the network.** ==
152 +[[image:image-20230527085250-2.png||height="495" width="284"]]
149 149  
150 150  
151 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ===
152 152  
156 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from the router ====
153 153  
158 +
154 154  (((
155 -Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
160 +Connect the LPS8-V2 Ethernet port to your router and LPS8-V2 can obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8-V2.
156 156  )))
157 157  
158 158  (((
... ... @@ -163,34 +163,43 @@
163 163  
164 164  
165 165  
166 -=== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ===
171 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 3**(%%):  Connect via LPS8-V2 Fallback IP ====
167 167  
168 168  
169 -[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
174 +[[image:image-20230107084650-2.png||height="310" width="839"]]
170 170  
171 171  
172 -(((
173 -The LPS8-V2 has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. you have to access the gateway Web-UI to configure the WiFi connection via the fallback IP address.
174 -)))
177 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:**
175 175  
179 +~1. Connect the PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port
176 176  
181 +2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252
177 177  
178 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Steps to connect via fallback IP:**
179 179  
180 -~1. Connect PC's Ethernet port to LPS8-V2's WAN port
184 +**Settings ~-~-> Network & Internet ~-~-> Ethernet ~-~-> Change advanced sharing options ~-~-> Double-click"Ethernet" ~-~-> Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)**
181 181  
182 -2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has  IP: 172.31.255.253 and Netmask: 255.255.255.252
183 183  
187 +As in the below photo:
184 184  
185 -[[image:image-20220622101433-4.png]]
189 +[[image:image-20230413172038-1.png||height="732" width="1243"]]
186 186  
187 187  
188 -and then On the PC, use the IP address **http:~/~/172.31.255.254** to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
192 +Configure computer Ethernet port steps video: **[[attach:fallback ip.mp4||target="_blank"]]**
189 189  
194 +If you still can't access the LPS8-V2 fallback ip, follow this connection to debug : **[[Trouble Shooting>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2A0FallbackIPdoesnotwork2Chowcanuserscheck]]**
190 190  
191 -[[image:image-20220622102210-5.png||height="504" width="919"]]
192 192  
197 +3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8-V2 via Web or Console.
193 193  
199 +[[image:image-20230111094247-2.png||height="619" width="1250"]]
200 +
201 +
202 +
203 +==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 4**(%%):  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from the router ====
204 +
205 +[[image:image-20220622100542-2.png||height="369" width="1256"]]
206 +
207 +
194 194  Fill in the WiFi information by checking the box and clicking (% style="color:red" %)**Save&Apply**
195 195  
196 196  
... ... @@ -207,13 +207,106 @@
207 207  [[image:image-20220622102901-8.png||height="476" width="938"]]
208 208  
209 209  
224 +=== 2.1.2 Access Configure Web UI ===
210 210  
211 -== **2.2 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network** ==
212 212  
227 +**Web Interface**
213 213  
214 -=== **2.2.1 Select your area frequency** ===
229 +Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8-V2 ip address (depends on your connect method)
215 215  
216 216  
232 +[[(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**//http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS //**>>http://IP_ADDRESS]](%%) or (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//**[[http:~~/~~/172.31.255.254>>http://172.31.255.254(]]**//(Fallback IP)
233 +
234 +You will see the login interface of LPS8-V2 as shown below.
235 +
236 +The account details for Web Login are:
237 +
238 +(% style="color:blue" %)**User Name: root**
239 +
240 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Password:   dragino**
241 +
242 +[[image:image-20230106153501-1.png||height="367" width="894"]]
243 +
244 +
245 +== 2.2  Typical Network Setup ==
246 +
247 +=== 2.2.1  Overview ===
248 +
249 +
250 +LPS8-V2 supports flexible network set up for different environment. This section describes the typical network topology can be set in LPS8-V2. The typical network set up includes:
251 +
252 +* **WAN Port Internet Mode**
253 +
254 +* **WiFi Client Mode**
255 +
256 +* **Cellular Mode**
257 +
258 +
259 +
260 +=== 2.2.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ===
261 +
262 +
263 +By default, the LPS8-V2 is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8-V2's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8-V2 will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:blue" %)**home page**(%%):
264 +
265 +
266 +[[image:image-20230411100633-2.png||height="501" width="935"]]
267 +
268 +
269 +=== 2.2.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ===
270 +
271 +
272 +In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8-V2 acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
273 +
274 +The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Wi-Fi**
275 +
276 +[[image:image-20230411095739-1.png||height="264" width="691"]]
277 +
278 +In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click(% style="color:blue" %)** Save & Apply**(%%) to connect.
279 +
280 +
281 +=== 2.2.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ===
282 +
283 +
284 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Since Hardware version HP0C 1.4**
285 +
286 +Users can see whether LPS8v2 has EC25 on the label of the gateway to determine whether there is 3G/4G Cellular modem.
287 +
288 +
289 +If the LPS8-V2 has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
290 +
291 +First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
292 +
293 +Second, Power off/ ON LPS8-V2 to let it detect the SIM card.
294 +
295 +
296 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090855037-497.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090855037-497.png"]]
297 +
298 +
299 +The set up page is (% style="color:blue" %)**Network ~-~-> Cellular**
300 +
301 +While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
302 +
303 +
304 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1657090932270-444.png?rev=1.1||alt="1657090932270-444.png"]]
305 +
306 +
307 +=== 2.2.5  Check Internet connection ===
308 +
309 +
310 +In the **home** page, we can check the Internet connection.
311 +
312 +* GREEN Tick ​​​​ [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436675869-206.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436675869-206.png"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
313 +* Yellow  Tick  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436705761-420.png?width=15&height=15&rev=1.1||alt="1652436705761-420.png"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
314 +* RED Cross  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LPS8N%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Gateway%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1652436787176-950.png?width=15&height=14&rev=1.1||alt="1652436787176-950.png"]] : This interface doesn't connected or no internet.
315 +
316 +[[image:image-20230411101534-3.png||height="544" width="942"]]
317 +
318 +
319 +== 2.3 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network ==
320 +
321 +=== 2.3.1 Select your area frequency ===
322 +
323 +
217 217  (((
218 218  First, you need to set the frequency plan in LPS8-V2 to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
219 219  
... ... @@ -223,10 +223,9 @@
223 223  [[image:image-20220622103332-9.png||height="485" width="938"]]
224 224  
225 225  
333 +=== 2.3.2 Get the only gateway EUI ===
226 226  
227 -=== **2.2.2 Get the only gateway EUI** ===
228 228  
229 -
230 230  Every LPS8-V2 has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found on LoRaWAN Semtech page:
231 231  
232 232  
... ... @@ -248,10 +248,9 @@
248 248  [[image:image-20220622103956-12.png]]
249 249  
250 250  
357 +=== 2.3.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network ===
251 251  
252 -== **2.2.3 Register the gateway to The Things Network** ==
253 253  
254 -
255 255  **Login to The Things Network**
256 256  
257 257  [[https:~~/~~/console.cloud.thethings.network/>>https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]
... ... @@ -265,34 +265,30 @@
265 265  **Get it online**
266 266  
267 267  
373 += 3. Web Configure Pages =
268 268  
269 -= **3. Web Configure Pages** =
375 +== 3.1 Home ==
270 270  
271 271  
272 -== **3.1 Home** ==
378 +Shows the system running status:
273 273  
274 -
275 -//Shows the system running status~://
276 -
277 277  [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/WebHome/image-20220622102901-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220622102901-8.png" height="476" width="939"]]
278 278  
279 279  
383 +== 3.2 LoRa Settings ==
280 280  
281 -== **3.2 LoRa Settings** ==
385 +=== 3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
282 282  
283 283  
284 -=== **3.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa** ===
388 +This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.
285 285  
390 +Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges:
286 286  
287 -//This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There is a set of default frequency bands according to LoRaWAN protocol, and users can customize the band* as well.//
392 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**868**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.
393 +* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
288 288  
289 -//Different LPS8v2 hardware versions can support different frequency ranges~://
290 -
291 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**868**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865, or KZ865.//
292 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)//**915**//(% style="color:black" %)//: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920//
293 -
294 294  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
295 -//After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**//
396 +After the user choose the frequency plan,  the user can see the actual frequency is used by checking the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
296 296  
297 297  
298 298  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
... ... @@ -304,26 +304,23 @@
304 304  )))
305 305  
306 306  
408 +== 3.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
307 307  
308 -== **3.3 LoRaWAN Settings** ==
410 +=== 3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP ===
309 309  
310 310  
311 -=== **3.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Semtech UDP** ===
413 +This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.
312 312  
313 313  
314 -//This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]], etc.//
315 -
316 -
317 317  [[image:image-20220616111932-2.png||height="516" width="672"]]
318 318  
319 319  
419 +=== 3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station ===
320 320  
321 -=== **3.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN Basic Station** ===
322 322  
422 +This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.
323 323  
324 -//This page is for the connection set up to the TTN Basic Station, AWS-IoT, etc.//
325 325  
326 -
327 327  [[image:image-20220616113246-3.png||height="396" width="672"]]
328 328  
329 329  
... ... @@ -332,57 +332,95 @@
332 332  )))
333 333  
334 334  
433 +== 3.4 Network Settings ==
335 335  
336 -== **3.4 Network Settings** ==
435 +=== 3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi ===
337 337  
338 338  
339 -=== **3.4.1 Network ~-~-> WiFi** ===
438 +[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]]
340 340  
341 341  
342 -[[image:image-20220616114756-4.png||height="251" width="669"]]
441 +=== 3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status ===
343 343  
344 344  
444 +[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
345 345  
346 -=== **3.4.2 Network ~-~-> System Status** ===
347 347  
447 +=== 3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Network ===
348 348  
349 -[[image:image-20220820134112-2.png||height="539" width="668"]]
350 350  
450 +In the **Network ~-~-> Network** interface, Users can set the Ethernet WAN static ip address.
351 351  
452 +[[image:image-20230214093657-2.png||height="333" width="858"]]
352 352  
353 -=== **3.4.3 Network ~-~-> Firewall** ===
354 354  
455 +=== 3.4.4 Network ~-~-> Cellular ===
355 355  
356 -[[image:image-20220616115351-6.png||height="244" width="661"]]
357 357  
458 +In the **Network ~-~-> Cellular** interface, Users can Enable Cellular WAN and configure Celluar.
358 358  
460 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: APN cannot be empty.**
359 359  
360 -== **3.5 System** ==
462 +[[image:image-20230228115126-1.png]]
361 361  
362 362  
363 -=== **3.5.1  System ~-~-> System Overview** ===
465 +After the configuration is complete, return to the Home interface and put the mouse on the Cell icon to check the Cellualr state.
364 364  
467 +[[image:image-20230228115535-2.png||height="478" width="888"]]
365 365  
469 +
470 +== 3.5 System ==
471 +
472 +=== 3.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
473 +
474 +
366 366  Shows the system info:
367 367  
368 -[[image:image-20220917141436-4.png||height="569" width="787"]]
477 +[[image:image-20220917144512-5.png||height="618" width="853"]]
369 369  
370 370  
480 +=== 3.5.2 System ~-~-> System General ===
371 371  
372 -=== **3.5.2 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore** ===
373 373  
483 +In the **System-> System General** interface, Users can customize the configuration System Password and set Timezone.
374 374  
375 -[[image:image-20220616115808-7.png||height="194" width="649"]]
485 +In addition, Users can customize the FallBack IP address.
376 376  
487 +[[image:image-20230214094058-3.png]]
377 377  
378 378  
379 -= **4. Build-in Server** =
490 +=== 3.5.3 System ~-~-> Backup/Restore ===
380 380  
381 381  
493 +[[image:image-20220917144725-6.png||height="208" width="869"]]
494 +
495 +
496 +=== 3.5.4 System ~-~-> Remoteit ===
497 +
498 +
499 +In the **System-> Remoteit** interface, users can configure the gateway to be accessed remotely via Remote.it.
500 +
501 +
502 +the users can refer to this link to configure them: **[[Monitor & Remote Access Gateway>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access#H2.1A0RemoteAccessviaRemote.it.]]**
503 +
504 +[[image:image-20221230092303-2.png]]
505 +
506 +
507 +=== 3.5.5 System ~-~-> Package Management ===
508 +
509 +
510 +In the **System ~-~-> Package Management** interface, Users can check the current version of Core Packages.
511 +
512 +[[image:image-20230214094316-4.png]]
513 +
514 +
515 += 4. Build-in Server =
516 +
517 +
382 382  The default factory version of LPS8-V2 is installed with the built-in Applicant server: (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red, and**(%%) LoRaWAN Server: (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack (Open Source 3.19 Version).**
383 383  
384 384  
385 -[[image:image-20220820115644-1.png||height="217" width="778"]]
521 +[[image:image-20230214095318-5.png||height="347" width="980"]]
386 386  
387 387  
388 388  (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
... ... @@ -400,12 +400,11 @@
400 400   For the Node-Red, you can use the local IP address and the port is 1880 to access it.
401 401  
402 402  
539 +== 4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3) ==
403 403  
404 -== **4.1 LoRaWAN Network  Server ~-~- The Things Network - Stack (TTN-V3)** ==
405 405  
542 +You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**The Things Network - Stack **(%%)via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
406 406  
407 -You can access the gateway's built-in LNS server of **The Things Network - Stack **via the URL( (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:8080 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address> //**__(%%)) in your browser.
408 -
409 409  Such as  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:8080  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
410 410  
411 411  
... ... @@ -419,13 +419,22 @@
419 419  [[image:image-20220725171719-1.png||height="570" width="769"]]
420 420  
421 421  
557 +=== 4.1.1 The LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to Built-in The Things Network ===
422 422  
423 -== **4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red** ==
424 424  
560 +Users need to set the Service Provider to (% style="color:blue" %)**Local Host/Build-in Server **(%%) and click "Save&Apply"
425 425  
426 -You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of **Node-Red **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
562 +The registration steps are basically similar to [[LPS8-V2 is registered and connected to The Things Network>>||anchor="H2.3TheLPS8-V2isregisteredandconnectedtoTheThingsNetwork"]]
427 427  
564 +[[image:image-20230321092456-1.png]]
428 428  
566 +
567 +== 4.2 Application Server ~-~- Node-Red ==
568 +
569 +
570 +You can access the gateway's built-in AS server of (% style="color:blue" %)**Node-Red **(%%)via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880 or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>//**__(%%)) in your browser.
571 +
572 +
429 429  Such as (% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/dragino-54ff12:1880  or http:~/~/<Local-IPV4-Address>//**__
430 430  
431 431  
... ... @@ -433,15 +433,104 @@
433 433  
434 434  
435 435  
436 -= **5. How users can access LPS8v2 using serial USB** =
580 +=== **Using Node-Red, InfluxDB and Grafana** ===
437 437  
582 +The LPS8-V2 supports this combination, the default, Node-red is pre-installed but the InfluxDB and Grafana is not pre-installed.
438 438  
439 -**USB TTL to LPS8v2  Connection:**
440 440  
441 -Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8v2 is GND
585 +the users can refer to this link to install them.
442 442  
587 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.6HowtoinstallGrafanaandinfluxdb]]
588 +
589 +
590 +=== **Upgrade the node.js** ===
591 +
592 +By default, the LPS8-V2 node.js uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
593 +
594 +
595 +the users can refer to this link to upgrade them.
596 +
597 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Armbian%20OS%20instruction/#H2.5Howtoupgradethenodejsversiontothelatest.]]
598 +
599 +
600 +== 4.3 How to disable the built-in server ==
601 +
602 +
603 +Use the following commands to start and stop the TTNv3 service:
604 +
443 443  (% class="box infomessage" %)
444 444  (((
607 +**# start**
608 +systemctl start ttnstack
609 +
610 +**# stop**
611 +systemctl stop ttnstack
612 +
613 +**# enable**
614 +systemctl enable ttnstack
615 +
616 +**#disable**
617 +systemctl disable ttnstack
618 +)))
619 +
620 +Use the following commands to start and stop the Node-Red service:
621 +
622 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
623 +(((
624 +**# start**
625 +systemctl start nodered
626 +
627 +**# stop**
628 +systemctl stop nodered
629 +
630 +**# enable**
631 +systemctl enable nodered
632 +
633 +**#disable**
634 +systemctl disable nodered
635 +)))
636 +
637 +
638 +== 4.4 How to use ChirpStack on LPS8-V2 ==
639 +
640 +
641 +By default, the built-in LoRaWAN network server used on LPS8v2 is TTNv3, so users need follow this link to install chirpstack:
642 +
643 +**[[Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H9.2Build-inTheThingsNetworkmigratetoChirpStack]]**
644 +
645 +
646 +=== 4.4.1 How do users choose the chirpstack server frequency Sub Band ===
647 +
648 +
649 +On the **Server ~-~-> Network Server** interface, choose the frequency Plan first.
650 +
651 +If the frequency Plan used is CN470, US915, AU915, AS923, the user needs to choose a frequency sub band, because the frequency Sub Band of ChirpStack starts from 0, so for example, us915_1 corresponds to the actual frequency US915_2.
652 +
653 +[[image:image-20230602140406-3.png||height="480" width="918"]]
654 +
655 +
656 +When the configuration is complete, click** "Save&Apply"**.
657 +
658 +
659 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) When adding device profile, the selected Region configuration is also calculated from 0, so setting it to us915_1 corresponds to US915 Sub Band 2.
660 +
661 +[[image:image-20230602143122-4.png||height="511" width="983"]]
662 +
663 +
664 += 5. How the LPS8-V2 connects to Chirpstack via gateway-bridge =
665 +
666 +
667 +
668 += 6. How users can access LPS8-V2 using serial USB =
669 +
670 +
671 +(% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL to LPS8-V2  Connection:**
672 +
673 +
674 +Port 1 of the UART on the LPS8-V2 is GND
675 +
676 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
677 +(((
445 445  **TXD  <~-~--> UART RXD (Gray line)**
446 446  
447 447  **RXD  <~-~--> UART TXD (White line)**
... ... @@ -452,10 +452,9 @@
452 452  
453 453  **LPS8v2 UART connection photo**
454 454  
455 -[[image:image-20220804163015-1.png||height="621" width="466"]]
456 456  
689 +[[image:image-20230421094319-2.png||height="351" width="392"]]
457 457  
458 -
459 459  In the PC,you can use the serial port tool(such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows), you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:blue" %)**115200**(%%) to access the serial console for LPS8v2. LPS8v2 will output system info once power on as below:
460 460  
461 461  
... ... @@ -465,10 +465,9 @@
465 465  [[image:image-20220804164747-2.png||height="622" width="594"]]
466 466  
467 467  
700 += 7. Use the helium gateway-rs as the Data-only Hotspot =
468 468  
469 -= **6. Use the helium gateway-rs as the Data-only Hotspot** =
470 470  
471 -
472 472  == **Step 1: Configure Frequency Band** ==
473 473  
474 474  
... ... @@ -494,59 +494,72 @@
494 494  
495 495  **Access the gateway CLI via SSH.**
496 496  
497 -[[image:image-20220905165222-3.png]]
728 +[[image:image-20230425153417-2.png]]
498 498  
499 499  
500 -**Download gateway-rs.**
731 +**Install the new gateway-rs**
501 501  
502 -[[image:image-20220905165715-5.png]]
503 -
504 504  (% class="box infomessage" %)
505 505  (((
506 -**Command: wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/gateway-rs/helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb]]**
735 +**apt update && apt install helium-gateway**
507 507  )))
508 508  
738 +[[image:image-20230425154058-4.png]]
509 509  
510 -**Install gateway-rs.**
511 511  
512 -[[image:image-20220905165917-7.png]]
513 513  
742 +Option: If you installed the older gateway-rs, you have clean it
743 +
514 514  (% class="box infomessage" %)
515 515  (((
516 -**Command: dpkg -i helium-gateway-v1.0.0-alpha.31-raspi234.deb **
746 +**apt remove helium_gateway && dpkg ~-~-purge helium_gateway**
517 517  )))
518 518  
749 +[[image:image-20230425153823-3.png]]
519 519  
520 -**Modify configuration.**
521 521  
752 +**Change the region setting:**
522 522  
523 -[[image:image-20220905173847-12.png]]
524 524  
755 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
756 +(((
757 +**sed  -i '27cregion\ \= \ <REGION>' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml**
525 525  
759 +
760 +**e.g: **
761 +
762 +**US915  ~-~-->  sed -i '27cregion\ \= \ \"US915\"' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml**
763 +
764 +**EU868  ~-~-->  sed -i '27cregion\ \= ~\~\" EU868\"' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml**
765 +)))
766 +
767 +
768 +**Restart the gateway-rs**
769 +
526 526  (% class="box infomessage" %)
527 527  (((
528 -**region=<Enter regional parameters> \
529 -&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml && sed -i "1 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/settings.toml \
530 -&& sed -i '/region/d' /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml && sed -i "22 i\region = \"$region\"" /etc/helium_gateway/default.toml**
772 +**systemctl restart helium_gateway**
531 531  )))
532 532  
775 +[[image:image-20230425155612-7.png||height="265" width="911"]]
533 533  
534 -**Restart the helium_gateway**
535 535  
536 -[[image:image-20220905170920-9.png]]
537 537  
779 +**Check the helium_gateway running status**
538 538  
781 +
539 539  (% class="box infomessage" %)
540 540  (((
541 -**systemctl restart helium_gateway**
784 +**systemctl status helium_gateway**
542 542  )))
543 543  
544 544  
545 -**Check the helium_gateway Log：**
788 +[[image:image-20230425154740-5.png]]
546 546  
547 -[[image:image-20220905173952-13.png]]
548 548  
549 549  
792 +**Check the helium_gateway Log：**
793 +
550 550  (% class="box infomessage" %)
551 551  (((
552 552  **journalctl -u helium_gateway -f**
... ... @@ -553,41 +553,170 @@
553 553  )))
554 554  
555 555  
556 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: if your device is not finished the onboarding, which is unable to connect to the Helium console.**
800 +[[image:image-20230425155659-8.png]]
557 557  
558 -where the helium gateway log is shown:
559 559  
560 -[[image:image-20220905174534-14.png]]
803 += 8. OTA System Update =
561 561  
562 562  
563 -So you have to finish the onboarding, ~-~--Please refer to [[Step 2.7>>doc:Main.Notes for Helium.WebHome||anchor="H2.7A0Step6:OnboardingData-OnlyHotspot"]] to onboarding your LPS8-V2.
806 +LPS8v2 supports system auto-update via OTA, please see **[[this URL>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/OTA%20Update/]]** for the detail of this feature.
564 564  
565 565  
809 +== 8.1 Auto-update method ==
566 566  
567 -= (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)**7. Supports**(%%) =
568 568  
812 +The default, each gateway will enable the auto-update function.
569 569  
814 +this function will be triggered every boot and every midnight.
815 +
816 +
817 +Users can enable/disable it via Web Page
818 +
819 +[[image:image-20230607094447-2.png]]
820 +
821 +
822 +== 8.2 Manual upgrade method ==
823 +
824 +
825 +1). Using the Linux command to upgrade the system
826 +
827 +
828 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
570 570  (((
571 -**//If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].//**
830 +**apt update && apt install *dragino***
572 572  )))
573 573  
833 +
834 +2). Upgrade the system via the Web page button of "Manual Update"
835 +
836 +
837 +**Note: this method needs about 10 mins, so you will get the log after 10 mins.  **
838 +
839 +[[image:image-20230607093849-1.png]]
840 +
841 +
842 += 9. FAQ =
843 +
844 +== 9.1 How to change Hostname ==
845 +
846 +
847 +By default, Hostname is dragino-xxxxxx,If the user needs to change the hostname, the user needs to access the linux console of LPS8v2 and enter the following command:
848 +
849 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
574 574  (((
575 -**//With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.//**
851 +hostnamectl set-hostname dragino-123456
852 +)))
576 576  
854 +[[image:image-20230517102429-1.png]]
577 577  
856 +After the configuration is complete, run "reboot" to restart the gateway.
578 578  
579 -= **8. Reference** =
580 580  
859 +== 9.2 Build-in The Things Network migrate to ChirpStack ==
581 581  
861 +
862 +Migrate guide:
863 +
864 +1. Ensure that the gateway is in good network condition, Recommended use of ETH.
865 +
866 +2. Download migrate script and run it.
867 +
868 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
869 +(((
870 +wget -P /tmp [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/chirpstack/migrate_chirpstack]] && chmod +x /tmp/migrate_chirpstack && /tmp/migrate_chirpstack
871 +)))
872 +
873 +[[image:image-20230602135658-1.png||height="545" width="986"]]
874 +
875 +
876 +3. Wait for the script to complete，Enable the Chirpstack on Web UI
877 +
878 +[[image:image-20230602135825-2.png||height="356" width="855"]]
879 +
880 +The default account for chirpstack is: **admin/admin**
881 +
882 +
883 += 10. Trouble Shooting =
884 +
885 +== 10.1  I can't log in to the built-in Server TTN Stack which shows '**Login failed**'. ==
886 +
887 +
888 +[[image:image-20220920135918-1.png]]
889 +
890 +
891 +This is caused by the inconsistency between the built-in TTN-Stack domain configuration and your login URL.
892 +
893 +By default, ttn-stack uses the gateway's domain name for URL resolution, but in some networks, they prefer to resolve IP-v4 addresses.
894 +
895 +
896 +So you can change the domain name of the TTN-Stack configuration to the IPv4 address.
897 +
898 +**Click the update URL button to configure the URL with the current eth port address.**
899 +
900 +[[image:image-20220920141936-2.png]]
901 +
902 +
903 +== 10.2  The built-in TTN status is "Not Running" and the URI is "dragino-123456". How users fix this problem ==
904 +
905 +
906 +When this problem occurs, click "**Update To DEFAULT**" ,this problem will be fixed.
907 +
908 +[[image:image-20230508171607-1.png]]
909 +
910 +
911 +== 10.3  Fallback IP does not work, how can users check ==
912 +
913 +
914 +When the computer has completed the above fallback IP configuration,the LPS8v2 Web UI is still not accessible via fallback IP.
915 +
916 +
917 +**1.Check whether the configuration is correct**
918 +
919 +Run the CMD command to ipconfig and ping 172.31.255.254.
920 +
921 +If this fails, the user needs to reconfigure.
922 +
923 +[[image:image-20230413170224-3.png||height="433" width="707"]]
924 +
925 +[[image:image-20230413170246-4.png]]
926 +
927 +
928 +**2. Check whether the firewall is disabled**
929 +
930 +If the firewall is not down, this will affect access to the gateway.
931 +
932 +
933 +== 10.4  Click "Manual_Update", why there is no response? ==
934 +
935 +
936 +When you click "Manual_Update", the gateway will finish updating within 10 minutes and display the update log.
937 +
938 +
939 +[[image:image-20230527090555-3.png||height="660" width="832"]]
940 +
941 +
942 += (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)11. Supports(%%) =
943 +
944 +
945 +(((
946 +If you are experiencing issues and can't solve them, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
947 +)))
948 +
949 +(((
950 +With your question as detailed as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
951 +
952 +
953 += 12. Reference =
954 +
955 +
582 582  * Install Tago Core: Refer **Install Tago Core in LPS8v2** in[[ Instruction>>doc:Main.Tago\.IO.WebHome]].
583 583  * [[Advance OS Reference Guide for LPS8v2>>doc:Main.Armbian OS instruction.WebHome]].
584 584  
585 585  
586 -
587 587  
588 588  )))
589 589  
590 -= **9. Order Info** =
963 += 13. Order Info =
591 591  
592 592  
593 593  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**LPS8v2-XXX-YYY**
... ... @@ -595,26 +595,33 @@
595 595  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**XXX**(% style="color:black" %): Frequency Band
596 596  
597 597  * (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band
971 +
598 598  * (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band
973 +
599 599  * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band
975 +
600 600  * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band
977 +
601 601  * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band
979 +
602 602  * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
603 603  
604 604  (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**YYY**(% style="color:black" %): 4G Cellular Option
605 605  
606 -* (% style="color:red" %)**E**(%%):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
607 -* (% style="color:red" %)**A**(%%):  North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
608 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU**(%%): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
609 -* (% style="color:red" %)**J**(%%):  Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
984 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %):  EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India
610 610  
611 -More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
986 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AFX**(% style="color:black" %): America:Verizon, AT&T(FirstNet), U.S.Cellular; Canada:Telus
612 612  
988 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-AUX**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
613 613  
990 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %):  Japan, DOCOMO, SoftBank, KDDI
614 614  
615 -= **10. Manufacturer Info** =
992 +More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
616 616  
617 617  
995 += 14. Manufacturer Info =
996 +
997 +
618 618  **Shenzhen Dragino Technology Development co. LTD**
619 619  
620 620  Room 202, Block B, BCT Incubation Bases (BaoChengTai),  No.8 CaiYunRoad
... ... @@ -622,10 +622,9 @@
622 622  LongCheng Street, LongGang District ; Shenzhen 518116,China
623 623  
624 624  
1005 += 15. FCC Warning =
625 625  
626 -= **11. FCC Warning** =
627 627  
628 -
629 629  (((
630 630  This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
631 631  )))
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