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6	6
7		-
8		-
9	9	= 1.  OverView =
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11	11
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37	37
38	38	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
39	39
40		-(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
41		-|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:362px" %)(((
	38	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
	39	+|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
42	42	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
43		-)))|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	41	+)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
47	47
	46	+
	47	+
48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
49	49
50	50
51		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	51	+**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
52	52
53	53
54	54	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58
59	59	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
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61		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0     **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
	61	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
62	62
63		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	63	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
64	64
65	65
66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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72	72	According to the above technology, if we have a problem on the distance, we can first check if the end node is trying to longest distance modulation already. We can see that from the LoRaWAN server. Below is an example from Chirpstack.
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	74	+
74	74	We can see the traffic in gateway's page and know that the distance is SF12 / BW125. (note, server is not able to know Transmit Power settings from End Node)
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	77	+
76	76	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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81	81
82	82	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
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84		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**          (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR  (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 2200FFFF)**
85		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**           (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 220000FF)**
86		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**          (%%)~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50 (% style="color:#037691" %)** (downlinkpayload: 22000000)**
	86	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	87	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
87	87
88	88
89	89
90		-== 2.5 Debug in Software ==
91		-
92		-
93		-Dragino can help client to debug the software for the distance issue. In the case , please send us below info:
94		-
95		-* Detail packets include for Join Request, Join Accept, Uplink & Downlink, These packets should include:
96		-** RSSI, DataRate, FCNT, Frequency.
97		-** MIC command detail & Payload detail.
98		-
99		-
100	100	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
101	101
102		-== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSN50v2 series end node ==
	94	+== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
103	103
104	104
105	105	a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
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106	106
107	107	b) check if the connector match.
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	101	+
109	109	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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148	148
149	149	Below is the output log in gateway side ( SSH Access to Gateway and Check Station log)
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	144	+
151	151	[[image:image-20221006185826-4.png]]
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153	153
...	...	@@ -176,11 +176,6 @@
176	176	[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
177	177
178	178
179		-= 6. Use a repeater =
180	180
181	181
182		-In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
183		-
184		-See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
185		-
186	186