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1		-XWiki.Xiaoling
	1	+XWiki.Edwin

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4	4
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6	6
7		-
8		-
9	9	= 1.  OverView =
10	10
11	11
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12	12	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
13	13
14	14
	13	+
15	15	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
16	16
17	17	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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37	37
38	38	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
39	39
40		-(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
41		-|(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white; width:362px" %)(((
	39	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
	40	+|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
42	42	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
43		-)))|(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	42	+)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
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48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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50	50
51		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	50	+**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
52	52
53	53
54	54	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58
59	59	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
60	60
61		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0     **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
	60	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
62	62
63		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	62	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
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65	65
66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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68	68
	68	+
69	69	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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71	71
72	72	According to the above technology, if we have a problem on the distance, we can first check if the end node is trying to longest distance modulation already. We can see that from the LoRaWAN server. Below is an example from Chirpstack.
73	73
	74	+
74	74	We can see the traffic in gateway's page and know that the distance is SF12 / BW125. (note, server is not able to know Transmit Power settings from End Node)
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	77	+
76	76	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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	81	+
79	79	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
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81	81
82	82	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
83	83
84		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**          (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR  (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 2200FFFF)**
85		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**           (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 220000FF)**
86		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**          (%%)~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50 (% style="color:#037691" %)** (downlinkpayload: 22000000)**
	87	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
87	87
88		-== 2.5 Debug in Software ==
89		-
90		-Dragino can help client to debug the software for the distance issue. In the case , please send us below info:
91		-
92		-* Detail packets include for Join Request, Join Accept, Uplink & Downlink, These packets should include:
93		-** RSSI, DataRate, FCNT, Frequency.
94		-** MIC command detail & Payload detail.
95		-
96	96	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
97	97
98		-== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSN50v2 series end node ==
	93	+== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
99	99
100	100
101	101	a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
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106	106	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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	104	+
109	109	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
110	110
111	111	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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133	133	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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135	135
	132	+
136	136	= 5.  Some real-world case =
137	137
138	138	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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172	172	[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
173	173
174	174
175		-= 6. Use a repeater =
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177	177
178		-In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
179		-
180		-See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
181		-
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