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7		-
8		-
9	9	= 1.  OverView =
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12	12	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
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	13	+
15	15	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
16	16
17	17	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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37	37
38	38	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
39	39
40		-(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
41		-|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:362px" %)(((
	39	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
	40	+|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
42	42	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
43		-)))|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	42	+)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
47	47
48		-
49	49	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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51	51
52		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	50	+**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
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54	54
55	55	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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60	60	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
61	61
62		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0     **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
	60	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
63	63
64		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	62	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
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67	67	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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	68	+
70	70	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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79	79	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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	81	+
82	82	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
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84	84
85	85	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
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87		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**      (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
88		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**      (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation
89		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	87	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
90	90
91		-
92		-== 2.5 Debug in Software ==
93		-
94		-Dragino can help client to debug the software for the distance issue. In the case , please send us below info:
95		-
96		-* Detail packets include for Join Request, Join Accept, Uplink & Downlink, These packets should include:
97		-** RSSI, DataRate, FCNT, Frequency.
98		-** MIC command detail & Payload detail.
99		-
100		-
101	101	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
102	102
103		-== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSN50v2 series end node ==
	93	+== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
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105	105
106	106	a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
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111	111	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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	104	+
114	114	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
115	115
116	116	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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132	132	* High ISM band usage by other technologies.
133	133	* Radio communication are usually killed with bad topographic conditions. It is usually not possible to communicate through a hill, even very small.
134	134
135		-
136	136	== 4.2  Improve the Antenna ==
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139	139	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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	132	+
142	142	= 5.  Some real-world case =
143	143
144	144	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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178	178	[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
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180	180
181		-= 6. Use a repeater =
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183	183
184		-In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
185		-
186		-See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
187		-
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