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1		-XWiki.Xiaoling
	1	+XWiki.Edwin

Content

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6	6
7		-
8		-
9	9	= 1.  OverView =
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11	11
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12	12	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
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14	14
	13	+
15	15	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
16	16
17	17	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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37	37
38	38	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
39	39
40		-(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#F2F2F2; width:1002px" %)
41		-|(% style="width:134px;background-color:#D9E2F3" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px;background-color:#D9E2F3" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px;background-color:#D9E2F3" %)(((
	39	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
	40	+|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
42	42	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
43		-)))|(% style="width:102px;background-color:#D9E2F3" %)**Band Width**
	42	+)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
47	47
	47	+
48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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50	50
51		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	51	+**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
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53	53
54	54	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58
59	59	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
60	60
61		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0  **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
	61	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
62	62
63		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	63	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
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66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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	69	+
69	69	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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71	71
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78	78	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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	82	+
81	81	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
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83	83
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84	84	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
85	85
86	86	* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
87		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation
88		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	90	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
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	92	+
	93	+
90	90	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
91	91
92	92	== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
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100	100	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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	107	+
103	103	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
104	104
105	105	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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107	107
108		-First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.Even you have the same hardware and antenna, Different installation will result in different performance.
	113	+First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.
109	109
110	110	(% style="color:blue" %)**Better performances can be reached with:**
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121	121	* High ISM band usage by other technologies.
122	122	* Radio communication are usually killed with bad topographic conditions. It is usually not possible to communicate through a hill, even very small.
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	129	+
	130	+
124	124	== 4.2  Improve the Antenna ==
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126	126
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127	127	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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	137	+
130	130	= 5.  Some real-world case =
131	131
132	132	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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163	163	[[image:image-20221031233759-3.png]]
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166		-[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
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168	168
169		-= 6. Use a repeater =
170	170
171		-
172		-In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
173		-
174		-See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
175		-
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