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1		-XWiki.Edwin
	1	+XWiki.Xiaoling

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	8	+
7	7	= 1.  OverView =
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9	9
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10	10	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
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12	12
13		-
14	14	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
15	15
16	16	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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36	36
37	37	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
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39		-(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
40		-|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
	40	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
	41	+|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:362px" %)(((
41	41	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
42		-)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	43	+)))|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
43	43	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
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	48	+
	49	+
47	47	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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49	49
50		-**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	53	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
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53	53	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
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60		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
	63	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0  **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
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62		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
	65	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
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65	65	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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68		-
69	69	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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78	78	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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80	80
81		-
82	82	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
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84	84
85	85	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
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87		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
88		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
89		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**  (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**  (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation
	90	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
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	93	+
92	92	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
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94	94	== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
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102	102	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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105		-
106	106	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
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108	108	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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111		-First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.
	112	+First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.Even you have the same hardware and antenna, Different installation will result in different performance.
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113	113	(% style="color:blue" %)**Better performances can be reached with:**
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125	125	* Radio communication are usually killed with bad topographic conditions. It is usually not possible to communicate through a hill, even very small.
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	129	+
128	128	== 4.2  Improve the Antenna ==
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131	131	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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134		-
135	135	= 5.  Some real-world case =
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137	137	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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171	171	[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
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	175	+= 6. Use a repeater =
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	178	+In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
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	180	+See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
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