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1		-XWiki.Edwin
	1	+XWiki.Xiaoling

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	8	+
7	7	= 1.  OverView =
8	8
9	9
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10	10	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
11	11
12	12
13		-
14	14	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
15	15
16	16	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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36	36
37	37	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
38	38
39		-(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
40		-|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
	40	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
	41	+|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:362px" %)(((
41	41	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
42		-)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	43	+)))|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
43	43	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46
47	47
	49	+
48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
49	49
50	50
51		-**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	53	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
52	52
53	53
54	54	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58
59	59	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
60	60
61		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
	63	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0  **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
62	62
63		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
	65	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
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65	65
66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
67	67
68	68
69		-
70	70	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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72	72
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79	79	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
80	80
81	81
82		-
83	83	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
84	84
85	85
86	86	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
87	87
88		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
89		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
90		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**  (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**  (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation
	90	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
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104	104	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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106	106
107		-
108	108	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
109	109
110	110	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
111	111
112	112
113		-First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.
	112	+First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.Even you have the same hardware and antenna, Different installation will result in different performance.
114	114
115	115	(% style="color:blue" %)**Better performances can be reached with:**
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134	134	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
135	135
136	136
137		-
138	138	= 5.  Some real-world case =
139	139
140	140	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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171	171	[[image:image-20221031233759-3.png]]
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	172	+[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
174	174
175	175
	175	+= 6. Use a repeater =
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	177	+
	178	+In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
	179	+
	180	+See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
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