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10	10	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
11	11
12	12
13		-
14	14	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
15	15
	15	+
16	16	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
17	17
18	18
19	19	Some settings in End Node will affect the transfer distance. They are:
20	20
21		-* (% style="color:blue" %)**TXPower: **(%%)This means the output power from End Node. There is a command [[AT+TXP>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.14TransmitPower]] can be used to set the output power. TXP parameters follow the LoRaWAN regional document (rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf). Set to (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**(%%) is always has the maximum output, but (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**(%%) has different value in different frequency bands.
	21	+* (% style="color:blue" %)**TXPower: **(%%)This means the output power from End Node. There is a command [[AT+TXP>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.14TransmitPower]] can be used to set the output power. TXP parameters follow the LoRaWAN regional document (rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf). Set to AT+TXP=0 is always has the maximum output, but AT+TXP=0 has different value in different frequency bands.
22	22
23	23	* (% style="color:blue" %)**Data Rate(DR): **(%%)This is a combination of Spreading Factor and Band Width. Lowest Data Rate (DR=0) always has the longest transmit distance in LoRaWAN protocol.
24	24
25	25	Below is the TXPower and DR table of EU868 Frequency band as reference.
26	26
27		-
28	28	[[image:image-20221006185826-1.png]]
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30	30
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31	31	[[image:image-20221006185826-2.png]]
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34		-Set (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**(%%) **and** (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**(%%) will always has the longest transmit distance. But note that different frequency band has different TXP and DR coding according to LoRaWAN regional settings. Below is example for EU868, US915 and AS923 compare for example.
	33	+Set AT+TXP=0 and AT+DR=0 will always has the longest transmit distance. But note that different frequency band has different TXP and DR coding according to LoRaWAN regional settings. Below is example for EU868, US915 and AS923 compare for example.
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36	36
37		-**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
	36	+End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0
38	38
39	39	(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
40	40	|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
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74	74	According to the above technology, if we have a problem on the distance, we can first check if the end node is trying to longest distance modulation already. We can see that from the LoRaWAN server. Below is an example from Chirpstack.
75	75
76	76
77		-We can see the traffic in gateway's page and know that the distance is SF12 / BW125. (note, server is not able to know Transmit Power settings from End Node)
	76	+We can see the traffic in gateway’s page and know that the distance is SF12 / BW125. (note, server is not able to know Transmit Power settings from End Node)
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79	79
80	80	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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86	86
87	87	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
88	88
89		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
90		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
91		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT+ADR=0     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT+DR=  0     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	90	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT+TXP=0    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
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93	93
94	94
	94	+= 3.  Installation Guidelines =
95	95
96		-= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
97	97
98		-== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
	97	+== 3.1  Check the use environment ==
99	99
100	100
101		-a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
102		-
103		-b) check if the connector match.
104		-
105		-
106		-[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
107		-
108		-
109		-
110		-= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
111		-
112		-== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
113		-
114		-
115	115	First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.
116	116
117	117	(% style="color:blue" %)**Better performances can be reached with:**
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121	121	* No high level radio interferes in the ISM band you use.
122	122	* At least 1 meter above the ground.
123	123
	109	+
	110	+
124	124	(% style="color:blue" %)**Radio performances are degraded with:**
125	125
126	126	* Obstacles: buildings, trees...
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130	130
131	131
132	132
	120	+== 3.2  Improve the Antenna ==
133	133
134		-== 4.2  Improve the Antenna ==
135	135
136		-
137	137	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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140	140
141		-= 5.  Some real-world case =
	127	+= 4.  Some real-world case =
142	142
143		-== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
144	144
	130	+== 4.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
145	145
	132	+
146	146	In one case, the customer is using AWS IoT Core and gateway to connect to AWS via Basic Station Connection, Frequency Band is AU915 sub-band 2. For some unknown reason, AWS always set downlink power to 0dBm, which cause the gateway only emit a very low power and lead to a short distance for sensor.
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