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1		-XWiki.Edwin
	1	+XWiki.Xiaoling

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10	10	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
11	11
12	12
13		-
14	14	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
15	15
16	16	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
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47	47
	47	+
48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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50	50
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66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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68	68
69		-
70	70	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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72	72
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79	79	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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81	81
82		-
83	83	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
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90	90	* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
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	91	+
93	93	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
94	94
95	95	== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
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	96	+
97	97	a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
98	98
99	99	b) check if the connector match.
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	101	+
101	101	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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106	106	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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108	108
109		-First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.
	110	+First , User should notice: Radio link quality and performances are highly dependent of the environment.Even you have the same hardware and antenna, Different installation will result in different performance.
110	110
111	111	(% style="color:blue" %)**Better performances can be reached with:**
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115	115	* No high level radio interferes in the ISM band you use.
116	116	* At least 1 meter above the ground.
117	117
118		-
119	119	(% style="color:blue" %)**Radio performances are degraded with:**
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121	121	* Obstacles: buildings, trees...
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124	124	* Radio communication are usually killed with bad topographic conditions. It is usually not possible to communicate through a hill, even very small.
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	127	+
127	127	== 4.2  Improve the Antenna ==
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130	130	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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132	132
133		-
134	134	= 5.  Some real-world case =
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136	136	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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149	149
150	150	Reference Link:  [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Change%20Gateway%20Power/#H1.A0Overview>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Change%20Gateway%20Power/#H1.A0Overview]]
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	152	+
	153	+== 5.2 Chirpstack Default settings to 64 channels which cause Signal Poor. ==
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	155	+
	156	+In this case, User use a Chirpstack LoRaWAN server with default settings. The Frequency Band is US915 and default settings of Chirpstack has all channels ( All sub-bands , total 72 channels) enable. User use a LDS03A and a LPS8N LoRaWAN gateway for the test.
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	158	+
	159	+There is a strange issue: LDS03 has a very good RSSI ( RSSI=-40) during OTAA Join. But The LDS03A give a very poor RSSI after OTAA Join. After debug, it proves that the issue is with ChirpStack Frequency band settings. The ChirpStack server enables all 72 channels and the LDS03A will also use all channels after OTAA Join, but the LPS8N only can support 8 channels and set to Sub-Band2. When the LDS03A sends an uplink packet in the channel LPS8N doesn't support, because LDS03A is very close to LPS8N, LPS8N pick up this not support frequency and send to server. So in the platform we see a uplink packet with very poor RSSI.
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	161	+
	162	+Above issue was confirmed and solved after set the ChirpStack support channels to sub-band2. See below for photos during debug.
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	164	+[[image:image-20221031233628-2.png]]
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	167	+[[image:image-20221031233759-3.png]]
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	170	+[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
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