End Device Frequency Band

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2024/10/21 20:35

     Table of Contents：

1. Introduction

This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.

2. OTAA Join Behaviour

Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: One device boot or reset, it will

  • First make 200 Join Requestes for OTAA Join, the interval of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement.
  • After 200 Join Requestes, if end node still not join successful, to save battery life, it will keep sending join request at the default uplink interval ( 20 minutes) .
  • If device reboot, it will do above loop again.

Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:

  • EU868 OTAA Join DR Logic. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each SF will make 3 attempts and then loop
  • US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels (All sub-bands) to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success

3. Default Frequency Bands

3.1 AS923

3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands

Since RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters, AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.

AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.

3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923)

  • Countries: Malaysia,
  • Default Uplink channel:
    • 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Additional Uplink Channel: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server. Below are the settings from TTN
  • AS920~AS923:
    • 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • AS923 ~ AS925:
    • 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
    • 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

3.1.3 AS923-2

  • Default Uplink channel:
    • 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
    • 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

3.1.4 AS923-3

  • Default Uplink channel:
    • 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
    • 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

3.1.5 AS923-4

  • Countries : Israel
  • Default Uplink channel:
    • 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 917.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
    • 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

3.2 AU915-928(AU915)

Before Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack , Default use CHE=2

  • Uplink:
    • 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • Downlink:
    • 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)

There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.

So since Since Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.

After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:

  • Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band

  • Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)

     

3.3 CN470-510 (CN470)

Used in China, Default use CHE=1

  • Uplink:
    • 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • Downlink:
    • 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

3.4 EU863-870 (EU868)

  • Uplink:
    • 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
    • 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 868.8 - FSK
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
    • 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
 

3.5 IN865-867 (IN865)

  • Uplink:
    • 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
    • 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.

  • 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125

3.6 KZ865

  • Uplink -- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
    • 865.1
    • 865.2
    • 865.5
    • 865.7
    • 865.9
  • Downlink:
    • The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
    • The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​

3.7 KR920-923 (KR920)

  • Default channel:
    • 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
    • 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
    • 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)

3.8 MA869

       Country: Morroco

  • Uplink:
    • 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 869.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 869.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 869.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 870.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 870.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 870.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
    • 869.8 - FSK
  • Downlink:
    • Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
    • 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

3.9 US902-928 (US915)

Used in USA, Canada and South America.

3.9.1 Before Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack.

Default use CHE=2, Subband 2

  • Uplink:
    • 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
    • 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
  • Downlink:
    • 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
    • 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)

3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack

There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.

So since Since Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join. In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:

  • Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband

  • Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)

     

4. Frequency Bands for different server

5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands.

Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?

5.1 Set Subband in Gateway.

  • If Gateway choose Semtech UDP packet forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
  • If Gateway choose Basic Station Mode to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.

5.2 Set Subband in End Node

  • In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
  • In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.

Reference: How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands?

6. Data Rate and TXP auto-adjust logic.

In below cases the sensor end node will auto-adjust. (ADR must set to 1)

  • Auto-just according to the server ADR request change downlink command.
  • If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 64 uplinks, end node will set the output to maximum power (AT+TXP=0).
  • If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 96 uplinks, end node will reduce the Data Rate by 1.

 

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