Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 114.1 by Xiaoye on 2024/10/31 14:19

version	line-number	content
15.1	1	Table of Contents：
	2
	3	{{toc/}}
	4
1.1	5
50.1	6
	7
48.2	8	= 1. Overview =
	9
	10
1.1	11	This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
	12
	13	* HP0A
	14	* HP0C
	15	* LPS8v2
55.1	16	* MS20
1.1	17
90.3	18	(% style="display:none" %)
90.2	19
	20
48.2	21	= 2. Development Guide =
	22
	23
70.4	24	For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
4.1	25
25.1	26
48.2	27	== 2.1 How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
4.1	28
	29
48.3	30	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package(%%) ===
4.1	31
30.1	32
70.4	33	Requirements:
48.3	34
70.4	35	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)
30.1	36
70.4	37	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)
11.1	38
48.3	39
70.4	40	Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)
11.1	41
70.4	42
11.1	43	[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
	44
	45
48.3	46	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd(%%) ===
48.1	47
11.1	48
70.4	49	After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
48.3	50
70.5	51	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd: ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
70.4	52
70.5	53
11.1	54	The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
	55
	56	[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
	57
	58
	59
70.5	60	When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-.deb(%%) *package is generated.
	61
11.1	62	[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png\|\|height="385" width="773"]]
	63
25.1	64
48.3	65	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd(%%) ===
11.1	66
14.1	67
70.4	68	Run command:
11.1	69
70.5	70	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)*dpkg -i draginofwd-.deb **
11.1	71
70.4	72
11.1	73	[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
	74
	75
48.3	76	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 4. Test(%%) ===
14.1	77
48.3	78
70.5	79	Check the dragino_fwd log:
11.1	80
70.5	81	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)journalctl -u draginofwd -f
11.1	82
70.4	83
13.1	84	[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png\|\|height="182" width="931"]]
11.1	85
48.3	86
70.5	87	Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
11.1	88
70.5	89	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl start draginofwd
13.1	90
70.5	91	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl stop draginofwd
46.1	92
13.1	93
48.3	94	== 2.2 How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
27.1	95
48.3	96
113.1	97	2.2.1 Prepare a USB flash drive/SD card and plug it into the USB port of the gateway.
67.2	98
51.1	99
114.1	100
	101
113.1	102	2.2.2 Mounting a USB Flash Drive/SD Card in the Linux CLI
51.1	103
	104
	105
	106
114.1	107	2.2.3 Using the dd command, copy Emmc as an img file
	108
	109
	110	dd if=/etc/sidmem of=/dev/mmcblk2p2 bs=1M count=1
	111
	112
	113
113.1	114	2.2.4 Export the img file and follow the steps in 2.3 for burning
51.1	115
	116
102.1	117	== 2.3 How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
98.1	118
	119
102.1	120	Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
98.1	121
102.1	122
	123	//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
	124
	125	//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
	126
	127	//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
	128
	129	//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
	130
	131
98.1	132	==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//Preparations~://(%%) ====
	133
102.1	134	1. Prepare an SD card
	135	1. Prepare a card reader device
112.1	136	1. Download the OS image from the release.image~: [[draginolps8v2-release-v1.7>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]
98.1	137	1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
102.1	138	1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
98.1	139
102.1	140	=== 2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image ===
	141
	142
97.1	143	==== Step 1. Formatting the SD Card ====
	144
	145	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
	146
	147
	148	==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
	149
	150	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	151
	152
	153	==== Step 3. Select the target ====
	154
	155	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	156
	157	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	158
	159
	160	==== Step 4. Flash start ====
	161
	162	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	163
	164	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
	165
	166
	167
102.1	168	=== 2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway ===
67.2	169
98.1	170	1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
51.1	171
102.1	172	[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
51.1	173
97.1	174
102.1	175	2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
97.1	176
102.1	177	[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png\|\|height="649" width="832"]]
97.1	178
	179
102.1	180	Note: The PWR LED on red
97.1	181
102.1	182	The LAN LED blink
97.1	183
102.1	184	The SYS LED on red
97.1	185
102.1	186
	187
	188	=== 3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card ===
	189
	190
	191	Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
	192
	193
	194	* Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI
	195
98.1	196	Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
97.1	197
	198
	199	IP address: IP address of gateway or Fallback IP(172.31.255.254)
	200
	201	Port: 22
	202
	203	User Name: (% style="color:blue" %)root
	204
	205	Password: (% style="color:blue" %)dragino(%%) (default)
	206
	207	//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
	208
	209
	210	[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png\|\|height="225" width="634"]]
	211
	212
70.4	213	Run command:
27.1	214
112.1	215	draginolps8v2-release-chirpsrtack-v1.7-240725 image :
27.1	216
112.1	217	(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %) flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-ChirpStack-240725-1.img
70.4	218
112.1	219	draginolps8v2-release-ttnstack-v1.7-240712 image :
27.1	220
112.1	221	(% style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#008000" %) flash_emmc /usr/local/image/dragino-LPS8V2-TTN-231124.img
28.1	222
112.1	223	[[image:image-20241008091850-2.png]]
27.1	224
112.1	225	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Note: After the flash is completed, please power off the device (run the command halt) and disconnect the power supply, and then unplug the SD card.
70.7	226
27.1	227
107.1	228	== 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
67.2	229
72.2	230
107.1	231	Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
	232
	233
	234	=== 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
	235
	236	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	237	(((
	238	fdisk -l
	239	)))
	240
	241	[[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
	242
	243
	244	=== 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
	245
	246
	247	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	248	(((
	249	df -h
	250	)))
	251
	252	[[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
	253
	254
	255	=== 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
	256
	257
	258	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	259	(((
	260	mkdir /mnt/sd
	261
	262	mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
	263	)))
	264
	265	After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
	266
	267	[[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
	268
	269
	270	If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
	271
	272	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	273	(((
	274	mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
	275	)))
	276
	277	== 2.5 Default Built Version ==
	278
	279
72.1	280	[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
	281
	282
107.1	283	== 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
72.1	284
78.1	285
	286	By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
	287
	288	[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
	289
	290	If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.
	291
	292
	293	#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
	294
83.1	295	[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png\|\|height="89" width="689"]]
78.1	296
	297	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	298	(((
	299	npm install -g n
	300	)))
	301
	302
	303	#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
	304
83.1	305	[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png\|\|height="184" width="893"]]
	306
78.1	307	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	308	(((
	309	n lts
	310	)))
	311
	312
	313	#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
	314
83.1	315	[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png\|\|height="139" width="899"]]
78.1	316
	317	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	318	(((
	319	n prune
	320	)))
	321
	322
	323	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	324	(((
83.1	325	apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot
78.1	326	)))
	327
	328
	329	Check the current version
	330
83.1	331	[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
78.1	332
	333	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	334	(((
	335	node -v
	336	)))
	337
	338
107.1	339	== 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
84.1	340
	341
	342	=== Grafana: ===
	343
	344
	345	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	346	(((
	347	curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
	348	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
	349	apt update && apt install grafana
	350	)))
	351
	352
	353	Check the running status:
	354
	355
	356	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	357	(((
	358	systemctl status grafana-server
	359	)))
	360
	361
	362	configuration path:
	363
	364
	365	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	366	(((
	367	/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
	368	)))
	369
	370
	371	=== Influxdb: ===
	372
	373
	374	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	375	(((
109.1	376	curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
84.1	377	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
	378	apt update && apt install influxdb
	379	)))
	380
	381
	382	Check the running status:
	383
	384
	385	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	386	(((
	387	systemctl status influxdb
	388	)))
	389
	390
	391	configuration path:
	392
	393
	394	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	395	(((
	396	/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
	397	)))
	398
	399
95.6	400	= 3. Package Management =
	401
95.1	402	== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
	403
95.6	404	=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
95.1	405
	406
67.2	407	By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates.
	408
	409
	410	(% style="color:blue" %)When devices will check for updates?
	411
	412	* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
	413	* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
	414
	415	(% style="color:blue" %)What packages will be checked for updates?
	416
	417	dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
	418
	419	dragino-sid ~-~- SN write and read tool
	420
	421	dragino-ui ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
	422
	423	draginofwd ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
	424
	425	draginoups ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
	426
	427
70.9	428
67.2	429	(% style="color:blue" %)Location and changelog for packages:
	430
	431	* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
	432	* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
	433
	434	(% style="color:blue" %)How to view auto-updated log
	435
	436	You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)System ~-~-> Package Management.
	437
	438
	439	[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
	440
	441
70.7	442
67.2	443	(% style="color:blue" %)Can I disable package-auto-update?
	444
70.8	445	You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %) ‘SAVE’ (%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
67.2	446
	447
	448	[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
	449
	450
95.1	451	=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
67.2	452
	453
70.8	454	You can click the (% style="color:red" %)‘Manual Update’(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
67.2	455
	456
	457	[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
	458
	459
95.1	460	=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
67.2	461
	462
	463	For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
	464
	465
95.1	466	== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
67.2	467
95.1	468	=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
67.2	469
	470
	471	Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
	472
	473
95.1	474	=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
67.2	475
	476
70.5	477	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install apache2
67.2	478
	479
95.1	480	=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
67.2	481
	482
70.5	483	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)
67.2	484
70.5	485	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)
67.2	486
70.5	487	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)
67.2	488
	489
	490	Tree Structure:
	491
	492	(% style="color:red" %)Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.
	493
	494
	495	└── debian
	496
	497	└── release
	498
	499	├── dists
	500
	501	│ └── stable
	502
	503	│ └── main
	504
	505	│ └── binary-armhf
	506
	507	└── pool
	508
	509	└── main
	510
	511	└── d
	512
70.5	513	└── dragino ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.
67.2	514
	515
95.1	516	=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
67.2	517
	518
	519	The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
	520
	521	Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
	522
	523
70.5	524	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)
67.2	525
70.5	526	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
67.2	527
	528
95.1	529	=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
67.2	530
	531
70.5	532	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/
67.2	533
70.5	534	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages
67.2	535
70.5	536	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages \| gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz
67.2	537
	538
	539	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.
	540
	541
95.1	542	=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
67.2	543
	544
70.10	545	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Create the generated script:(%%) ====
67.2	546
	547
70.5	548	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	549
	550
70.5	551	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]
67.2	552
70.5	553	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)chmod + x ./generate-release.sh
67.2	554
70.5	555	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)./generate-release.sh > Release
67.2	556
	557
95.1	558	=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
67.2	559
	560
70.7	561	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Make sure auto-update server has gnupg(%%) ====
67.2	562
	563
70.5	564	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install gnupg
68.2	565
	566
	567
70.7	568	==== (% style="color:blue" %)generate gpg key(%%) ====
67.2	569
	570
70.5	571	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg -gen-key
67.2	572
68.2	573
70.10	574	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.
67.2	575
	576
68.2	577
70.7	578	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Check the gen-key(%%) ====
67.2	579
	580
70.5	581	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gen -list-key
67.2	582
68.2	583
	584
70.7	585	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the release.gpg(%%) ====
67.2	586
	587
70.5	588	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	589
70.5	590	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release
67.2	591
	592
70.5	593	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release
67.2	594
	595
68.2	596
70.7	597	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the public key(%%) ====
67.2	598
	599
70.5	600	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>
67.2	601
68.2	602
67.2	603	example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export [[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
	604
	605
	606
95.1	607	=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
67.2	608
68.2	609
	610
70.7	611	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the public key(%%) ====
67.2	612
	613
70.5	614	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
67.2	615
70.7	616
68.2	617	(% style="color:red" %)Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.
67.2	618
68.2	619
	620
70.7	621	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the apt source list(%%) ====
67.2	622
68.2	623
67.2	624	Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
	625
70.5	626	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" \| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list
67.2	627
	628
68.2	629
70.7	630	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Validate the apt repository(%%) ====
67.2	631
68.2	632
67.2	633	Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
	634
70.5	635	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt update && apt install testing
67.2	636
68.2	637
67.2	638	Example output:
	639
68.2	640	[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
67.2	641
	642
95.1	643	=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
67.2	644
	645
70.7	646	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Remove dragino apt source(%%) ====
67.2	647
	648
70.5	649	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)/etc/apt/sources.list
67.2	650
	651
70.2	652	[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
67.2	653
	654
	655
70.7	656	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Set up automatic updates(%%) ====
67.2	657
	658
70.5	659	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates
67.2	660
70.2	661
67.2	662	The device performs automatic updates from this script,
	663
	664	But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
	665
	666
70.2	667	[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
95.2	668
	669
	670

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