Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 103.1 by Kilight Cao on 2023/08/31 14:48

version	line-number	content
15.1	1	Table of Contents：
	2
	3	{{toc/}}
	4
1.1	5
50.1	6
	7
48.2	8	= 1. Overview =
	9
	10
1.1	11	This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
	12
	13	* HP0A
	14	* HP0C
	15	* LPS8v2
55.1	16	* MS20
1.1	17
90.3	18	(% style="display:none" %)
90.2	19
	20
48.2	21	= 2. Development Guide =
	22
	23
70.4	24	For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
4.1	25
25.1	26
48.2	27	== 2.1 How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
4.1	28
	29
48.3	30	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package(%%) ===
4.1	31
30.1	32
70.4	33	Requirements:
48.3	34
70.4	35	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)
30.1	36
70.4	37	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)
11.1	38
48.3	39
70.4	40	Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)
11.1	41
70.4	42
11.1	43	[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
	44
	45
48.3	46	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd(%%) ===
48.1	47
11.1	48
70.4	49	After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
48.3	50
70.5	51	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd: ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
70.4	52
70.5	53
11.1	54	The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
	55
	56	[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
	57
	58
	59
70.5	60	When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-.deb(%%) *package is generated.
	61
11.1	62	[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png\|\|height="385" width="773"]]
	63
25.1	64
48.3	65	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd(%%) ===
11.1	66
14.1	67
70.4	68	Run command:
11.1	69
70.5	70	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)*dpkg -i draginofwd-.deb **
11.1	71
70.4	72
11.1	73	[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
	74
	75
48.3	76	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 4. Test(%%) ===
14.1	77
48.3	78
70.5	79	Check the dragino_fwd log:
11.1	80
70.5	81	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)journalctl -u draginofwd -f
11.1	82
70.4	83
13.1	84	[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png\|\|height="182" width="931"]]
11.1	85
48.3	86
70.5	87	Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
11.1	88
70.5	89	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl start draginofwd
13.1	90
70.5	91	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl stop draginofwd
46.1	92
13.1	93
48.3	94	== 2.2 How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
27.1	95
48.3	96
57.1	97
67.2	98
51.1	99
	100
	101
	102
	103
	104
	105
98.1	106
	107
	108
	109
	110
102.1	111	== 2.3 How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
98.1	112
	113
102.1	114	Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
98.1	115
102.1	116
	117	//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
	118
	119	//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
	120
	121	//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
	122
	123	//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
	124
	125
98.1	126	==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//Preparations~://(%%) ====
	127
102.1	128	1. Prepare an SD card
	129	1. Prepare a card reader device
98.1	130	1. Download the OS image from the [[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]: ( File format dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img )
	131	1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
102.1	132	1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
98.1	133
	134
102.1	135	=== 2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image ===
	136
	137
97.1	138	==== Step 1. Formatting the SD Card ====
	139
	140	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
	141
	142
	143	==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
	144
	145	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	146
	147
	148	==== Step 3. Select the target ====
	149
	150	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	151
	152	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	153
	154
	155	==== Step 4. Flash start ====
	156
	157	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	158
	159	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
	160
	161
	162
102.1	163	=== 2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway ===
67.2	164
98.1	165	1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
51.1	166
102.1	167	[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
51.1	168
97.1	169
102.1	170	2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
97.1	171
102.1	172	[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png\|\|height="649" width="832"]]
97.1	173
	174
102.1	175	Note: The PWR LED on red
97.1	176
102.1	177	The LAN LED blink
97.1	178
102.1	179	The SYS LED on red
97.1	180
102.1	181
	182
	183	=== 3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card ===
	184
	185
	186	Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
	187
	188
	189	* Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI
	190
98.1	191	Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
97.1	192
	193
	194	IP address: IP address of gateway or Fallback IP(172.31.255.254)
	195
	196	Port: 22
	197
	198	User Name: (% style="color:blue" %)root
	199
	200	Password: (% style="color:blue" %)dragino(%%) (default)
	201
	202	//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
	203
	204
	205	[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png\|\|height="225" width="634"]]
	206
	207
70.4	208	Run command:
27.1	209
70.6	210	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)nand-sata-install
27.1	211
70.4	212
27.1	213	[[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
	214
28.1	215
27.1	216
70.7	217	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".
	218
27.1	219	[[image:image-20220602112058-2.png\|\|height="292" width="646"]]
	220
72.2	221
27.1	222	[[image:image-20220602112106-3.png\|\|height="301" width="643"]]
	223
	224
72.2	225
70.7	226	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"1 ext4"
27.1	227
	228	[[image:image-20220602112113-4.png\|\|height="271" width="642"]]
	229
	230
70.7	231
27.1	232	It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
	233
	234	[[image:image-20220602112119-5.png\|\|height="309" width="641"]]
	235
72.2	236
27.1	237	[[image:image-20220602112125-6.png\|\|height="281" width="640"]]
	238
72.2	239
27.1	240	[[image:image-20220602112131-7.png\|\|height="241" width="638"]]
	241
	242
	243	(% style="color:red" %)Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.
	244
28.1	245
72.1	246	== 2.4 Default Built Version ==
67.2	247
72.2	248
72.1	249	[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
	250
	251
84.2	252	== 2.5 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
72.1	253
78.1	254
	255	By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
	256
	257	[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
	258
	259	If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.
	260
	261
	262	#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
	263
83.1	264	[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png\|\|height="89" width="689"]]
78.1	265
	266	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	267	(((
	268	npm install -g n
	269	)))
	270
	271
	272	#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
	273
83.1	274	[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png\|\|height="184" width="893"]]
	275
78.1	276	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	277	(((
	278	n lts
	279	)))
	280
	281
	282	#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
	283
83.1	284	[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png\|\|height="139" width="899"]]
78.1	285
	286	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	287	(((
	288	n prune
	289	)))
	290
	291
	292	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	293	(((
83.1	294	apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot
78.1	295	)))
	296
	297
	298	Check the current version
	299
83.1	300	[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
78.1	301
	302	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	303	(((
	304	node -v
	305	)))
	306
	307
84.1	308	== 2.6 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
	309
	310
	311	=== Grafana: ===
	312
	313
	314	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	315	(((
	316	curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
	317	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
	318	apt update && apt install grafana
	319	)))
	320
	321
	322	Check the running status:
	323
	324
	325	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	326	(((
	327	systemctl status grafana-server
	328	)))
	329
	330
	331	configuration path:
	332
	333
	334	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	335	(((
	336	/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
	337	)))
	338
	339
	340	=== Influxdb: ===
	341
	342
	343	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	344	(((
	345	curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
	346	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
	347	apt update && apt install influxdb
	348	)))
	349
	350
	351	Check the running status:
	352
	353
	354	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	355	(((
	356	systemctl status influxdb
	357	)))
	358
	359
	360	configuration path:
	361
	362
	363	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	364	(((
	365	/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
	366	)))
	367
	368
95.6	369	= 3. Package Management =
	370
95.1	371	== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
	372
95.6	373	=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
95.1	374
	375
67.2	376	By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates.
	377
	378
	379	(% style="color:blue" %)When devices will check for updates?
	380
	381	* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
	382	* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
	383
	384	(% style="color:blue" %)What packages will be checked for updates?
	385
	386	dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
	387
	388	dragino-sid ~-~- SN write and read tool
	389
	390	dragino-ui ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
	391
	392	draginofwd ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
	393
	394	draginoups ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
	395
	396
70.9	397
67.2	398	(% style="color:blue" %)Location and changelog for packages:
	399
	400	* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
	401	* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
	402
	403	(% style="color:blue" %)How to view auto-updated log
	404
	405	You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)System ~-~-> Package Management.
	406
	407
	408	[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
	409
	410
70.7	411
67.2	412	(% style="color:blue" %)Can I disable package-auto-update?
	413
70.8	414	You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %) ‘SAVE’ (%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
67.2	415
	416
	417	[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
	418
	419
95.1	420	=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
67.2	421
	422
70.8	423	You can click the (% style="color:red" %)‘Manual Update’(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
67.2	424
	425
	426	[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
	427
	428
95.1	429	=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
67.2	430
	431
	432	For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
	433
	434
95.1	435	== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
67.2	436
95.1	437	=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
67.2	438
	439
	440	Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
	441
	442
95.1	443	=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
67.2	444
	445
70.5	446	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install apache2
67.2	447
	448
95.1	449	=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
67.2	450
	451
70.5	452	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)
67.2	453
70.5	454	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)
67.2	455
70.5	456	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)
67.2	457
	458
	459	Tree Structure:
	460
	461	(% style="color:red" %)Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.
	462
	463
	464	└── debian
	465
	466	└── release
	467
	468	├── dists
	469
	470	│ └── stable
	471
	472	│ └── main
	473
	474	│ └── binary-armhf
	475
	476	└── pool
	477
	478	└── main
	479
	480	└── d
	481
70.5	482	└── dragino ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.
67.2	483
	484
95.1	485	=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
67.2	486
	487
	488	The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
	489
	490	Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
	491
	492
70.5	493	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)
67.2	494
70.5	495	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
67.2	496
	497
95.1	498	=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
67.2	499
	500
70.5	501	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/
67.2	502
70.5	503	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages
67.2	504
70.5	505	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages \| gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz
67.2	506
	507
	508	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.
	509
	510
95.1	511	=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
67.2	512
	513
70.10	514	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Create the generated script:(%%) ====
67.2	515
	516
70.5	517	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	518
	519
70.5	520	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]
67.2	521
70.5	522	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)chmod + x ./generate-release.sh
67.2	523
70.5	524	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)./generate-release.sh > Release
67.2	525
	526
95.1	527	=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
67.2	528
	529
70.7	530	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Make sure auto-update server has gnupg(%%) ====
67.2	531
	532
70.5	533	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install gnupg
68.2	534
	535
	536
70.7	537	==== (% style="color:blue" %)generate gpg key(%%) ====
67.2	538
	539
70.5	540	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg -gen-key
67.2	541
68.2	542
70.10	543	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.
67.2	544
	545
68.2	546
70.7	547	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Check the gen-key(%%) ====
67.2	548
	549
70.5	550	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gen -list-key
67.2	551
68.2	552
	553
70.7	554	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the release.gpg(%%) ====
67.2	555
	556
70.5	557	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	558
70.5	559	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release
67.2	560
	561
70.5	562	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release
67.2	563
	564
68.2	565
70.7	566	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the public key(%%) ====
67.2	567
	568
70.5	569	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>
67.2	570
68.2	571
67.2	572	example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export [[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
	573
	574
	575
95.1	576	=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
67.2	577
68.2	578
	579
70.7	580	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the public key(%%) ====
67.2	581
	582
70.5	583	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
67.2	584
70.7	585
68.2	586	(% style="color:red" %)Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.
67.2	587
68.2	588
	589
70.7	590	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the apt source list(%%) ====
67.2	591
68.2	592
67.2	593	Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
	594
70.5	595	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" \| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list
67.2	596
	597
68.2	598
70.7	599	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Validate the apt repository(%%) ====
67.2	600
68.2	601
67.2	602	Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
	603
70.5	604	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt update && apt install testing
67.2	605
68.2	606
67.2	607	Example output:
	608
68.2	609	[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
67.2	610
	611
95.1	612	=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
67.2	613
	614
70.7	615	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Remove dragino apt source(%%) ====
67.2	616
	617
70.5	618	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)/etc/apt/sources.list
67.2	619
	620
70.2	621	[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
67.2	622
	623
	624
70.7	625	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Set up automatic updates(%%) ====
67.2	626
	627
70.5	628	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates
67.2	629
70.2	630
67.2	631	The device performs automatic updates from this script,
	632
	633	But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
	634
	635
70.2	636	[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
95.2	637
	638
	639

Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

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