Version 149.1 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/07 09:20
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1 (% style="text-align:center" %)
2 [[image:1656917428377-954.png||height="475" width="475"]]
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7 **Table of Contents：**
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20
21 (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1.  Introduction
22
23 == 1.1  What is the LPS8N ==
24
25
26
27 (((
28 The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
29 )))
30
31 (((
32 The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Semtech packet forwarder**(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Station connection**(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator**(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
33 )))
34
35 (((
36 LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands**(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**customized the frequency bands** (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
37 )))
38
39 (((
40 LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
41 )))
42
43 (((
44
45 )))
46
47 [[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
48
49
50 == 1.2  Specifications ==
51
52
53 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
54
55 (((
56 Linux Part:
57 )))
58
59 * 400Mhz ar9331 processor
60 * 64MB RAM
61 * 16MB Flash
62
63 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Interface:**
64
65 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
66 * WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
67 * LoRaWAN Wireless
68 * Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
69 * USB 2.0 host connector x 1
70 * Mini-PCI E connector x 1
71 * SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
72
73 (% style="color:#037691" %)**WiFi Spec:**
74
75 * IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
76 * Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
77 * Tx power:
78 ** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db     mcs0 : 17db
79 ** 11b tx power: 18db
80 ** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
81 ** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
82 * Wifi Sensitivity
83 ** 11g 54M : -71dbm
84 ** 11n 20M : -67dbm
85
86 (% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**
87
88 * Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
89 * 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
90 * Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
91 * Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
92 * Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
93 * 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
94 * Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
95 * True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
96
97 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Cellular 4G LTE (optional):**
98
99 * Quectel [[**EC25 LTE module**>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
100 * Micro SIM Slot
101 * External 4G Sticker Antenna.
102 * Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
103 * Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
104 * MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
105
106
107
108 == 1.3  Features ==
109
110 * Open Source OpenWrt system
111 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
112 * Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
113 * Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
114 * LoRaWAN Gateway
115 * 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
116 * Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
117 * Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
118 * Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
119 * Support different level log in.
120 * Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
121 * Support LoRaWAN basic station.
122 * Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
123
124
125
126 == 1.4  Hardware System Structure ==
127
128 [[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
129
130
131 == 1.5  LPS8N Applications ==
132
133 [[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
134
135
136 == 1.6  LED Indicators ==
137
138
139 LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
140
141 * **Power LED **[[image:image-20220706115518-1.png||height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)**RED LED**(%%) will be **solid on** if the device is properly powered.
142 * **LoRa LED   **[[image:image-20220706115518-2.png||height="15" width="15"]] : This **RGB LED** will** (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%)** when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
143 * **SYS LED    ** [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png||height="16" width="16"]] : This **RGB LED** will shows different colors on different state:
144 ** (% style="color:blue" %)**SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
145 ** (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection.  or  b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)**SOLID RED**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
146 ** (% style="color:red" %)**SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
147
148 * **ETH LED    **[[image:image-20220706115518-4.png||height="15" width="17"]] :  This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
149
150
151
152 = 2.  Access and Configure LPS8N =
153
154 (((
155 The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
156 )))
157
158
159 == 2.1  Find IP address of LPS8N ==
160
161 === 2.1.1  Connect via WiFi ===
162
163 [[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
164
165
166 At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
167
168 [[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
169
170
171 (((
172 User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
173
174
175
176 )))
177
178 === 2.1.2  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
179
180 [[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
181
182
183 (((
184 Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
185
186
187
188 )))
189
190 === 2.1.3  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
191
192 [[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
193
194
195 If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
196
197
198
199 === 2.1.4  Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
200
201 The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
202
203
204
205 == 2.2  Access Configure Web UI ==
206
207 **Web Interface**
208
209 Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
210
211 [[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
212
213 or
214
215 http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
216
217
218 You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
219
220 The account details for Web Login are:
221
222 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**User Name: root**
223
224 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Password:   dragino**
225
226 [[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
227
228
229
230 = 3.  Typical Network Setup =
231
232 == 3.1  Overview ==
233
234 The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
235
236 * **WAN Port Internet Mode**
237 * **WiFi Client Mode**
238 * **WiFi AP Mode**
239
240
241
242 == 3.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ==
243
244 By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home page**:
245
246
247 [[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
248
249
250 == 3.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
251
252 In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
253
254 (((
255 The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings**
256
257 [[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
258 )))
259
260
261 (((
262 In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
263
264
265 )))
266
267 == 3.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
268
269 (((
270 (((
271 If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
272 )))
273
274
275 (((
276 First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
277 )))
278
279 (((
280 Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
281 )))
282 )))
283
284
285 [[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
286
287 (((
288
289 )))
290
291 (((
292 The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**System ~-~-> Cellular**
293 )))
294
295 (((
296 While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
297 )))
298
299 (((
300 [[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
301 )))
302
303
304 == 3.5  Check Internet connection ==
305
306 In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home**(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
307
308 * GREEN Tick ​​​​ [[image:1652436675869-206.png||height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
309 * Yellow  Tick  [[image:1652436705761-420.png||height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
310 * RED Cross    [[image:1652436787176-950.png||height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
311
312 [[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
313
314
315
316 = 4.  Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
317
318 LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
319
320 (((
321 [[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
322 )))
323
324 (((
325 This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]  ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
326 )))
327
328
329
330 == 4.1  Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
331
332 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.**
333
334 (((
335 Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
336 )))
337
338 (((
339 [[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
340 )))
341
342 The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)**a840411e96744154**
343
344
345 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server**
346
347 [[**https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register**>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
348
349 [[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
350
351
352 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker**
353
354 (((
355 [[image:1657091719947-297.png]]
356 )))
357
358 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address**
359
360
361 * Europe 1** (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address:(%%)**(% style="color:red" %) (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
362 * North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
363 * Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
364 * Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)**TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021**
365
366
367
368 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 4: Create a Gateway**
369
370 [[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
371
372 Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
373
374
375 Open the following page:
376
377
378 [[image:image-20220706155323-5.png||height="579" width="1060"]]
379
380
381 [[image:image-20220706155323-6.png||height="582" width="1066"]]
382
383
384 (((
385 (% style="color:red" %)**Notice: **Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
386 )))
387
388 After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
389
390 [[image:1657094130908-567.png]](% style="display:none" %)
391
392
393 == 4.2  Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
394
395 (((
396 You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
397 )))
398
399 (((
400 Make sure your LPS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
401 )))
402
403 (((
404 Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Save&Apply**
405 )))
406
407 [[image:1657094183213-301.png]]
408
409 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: **The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
410
411
412 In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
413
414 [[image:1657094202420-798.png]]
415
416
417 In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
418
419 [[image:1657094221515-510.png]]
420
421
422 == 4.3  Configure frequency ==
423
424 We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
425
426 [[image:1657094249818-468.png]]
427
428
429 In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
430
431 [[image:1657094333704-207.png]]
432
433
434 == 4.4  Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
435
436 (((
437 This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
438 )))
439
440 (((
441 We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
442 )))
443
444 [[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
445
446 (((
447 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1**: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
448
449
450 )))
451
452 (((
453 Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
454 )))
455
456 * DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
457 * APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
458 * APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
459
460 (((
461 A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
462 )))
463
464 [[image:1657094382177-591.png]]
465
466 (((
467 (% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands.  Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
468
469
470 )))
471
472 (((
473 For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
474 )))
475
476 (((
477 Select **Add Application** to open the screen below.
478 )))
479
480 [[image:1657094417175-831.png]]
481
482 Open the **Application **select** Add end device**
483
484
485 Start Register the end device
486
487 [[image:1657094444802-101.png]]
488
489 (((
490 Select OTAA activation mode
491
492
493 )))
494
495 (((
496 The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
497 )))
498
499 [[image:1657094475730-208.png]]
500
501 First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
502
503
504 [[image:1657094646429-966.png]]
505
506 Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
507
508
509 [[image:1657094674045-755.png]]
510
511 (((
512 Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
513
514
515 )))
516
517 (((
518 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2**: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
519 )))
520
521 (((
522 (% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
523 )))
524
525 [[image:1657094791060-639.png]]
526
527
528 = 5.  Web Configure Pages =
529
530 == 5.1  Home ==
531
532 Shows the system running status.
533
534 [[image:1657094893942-726.png]]
535
536
537 == 5.2  LoRa Settings ==
538
539 === 5.2.1  LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
540
541 (((
542 This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
543 )))
544
545 (((
546 Different LPS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
547 )))
548
549 * (% style="color:blue" %)**868**(%%): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
550 * (% style="color:blue" %)**915**(%%): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
551
552 (((
553
554
555 After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page (% style="color:green" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
556 )))
557
558 [[image:1657094930903-357.png]]
559
560 Note *: **[[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
561
562
563 === 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
564
565 The LPS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
566
567 * No internet connection.
568 * User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
569
570 (((
571 Detail of this feature: **[[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]**
572 )))
573
574 [[image:1657095412271-942.png]]
575
576
577 == 5.3  LoRaWAN Settings ==
578
579 === 5.3.1  LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
580
581 This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
582
583 [[image:1652423628833-467.png||height="357" width="755"]]
584
585 (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
586
587 ~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, LPS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
588
589 ~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
590
591 **See:** **[[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]**
592
593
594 === 5.3.2  LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
595
596 [[image:1652428499323-384.png||height="275" width="723"]]
597
598 (((
599 Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to **[[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].**
600
601
602 )))
603
604 === 5.3.3  LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
605
606 (((
607 Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
608 )))
609
610 (((
611 Instruction: **[[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]**
612 )))
613
614 [[image:1652428648903-878.png||height="266" width="731"]]
615
616
617 == 5.4  MQTT Settings ==
618
619 If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure LPS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
620
621 Instruction: **[[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]**
622
623
624 [[image:1652428705046-212.png||height="417" width="733"]]
625
626
627 == 5.5  System ==
628
629 === 5.5.1  System ~-~-> System Overview ===
630
631 Shows the system info:
632
633 [[image:1657155158184-134.png]]
634
635
636
637 === 5.5.2  System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
638
639 [[image:1657155183982-792.png]]
640
641 (((
642 **__System Password:__**
643 )))
644
645 (((
646 There are two login for LPS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
647 )))
648
649 (((
650 This page can be used to set the password for them.
651 )))
652
653 (((
654 **__Timezone:  __**Set device timezone.
655 )))
656
657 (((
658 **__Port forwarding:  __**Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
659
660
661
662 )))
663
664 === 5.5.3  System ~-~-> Network ===
665
666 [[image:1657155288223-566.png]]
667
668 (((
669 **__LAN Settings:  __**When the LPS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for LPS8N's own network.
670 )))
671
672 (((
673 __**WAN Settings:  **__Setting for LPS8N WAN port
674 )))
675
676 (((
677 __**WiFi Settings:  **__Setting for LPS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
678
679
680
681 )))
682
683 === 5.5.4  System ~-~-> WiFi ===
684
685 LPS8N WiFi Settings.
686
687 [[image:1657155457089-430.png]]
688
689
690
691 === 5.5.5  System ~-~-> Cellular ===
692
693 While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
694
695
696 [[image:1657155507672-204.png]]
697
698 (% style="color:red" %)Note *: For LPS8N which doesn't have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
699
700
701
702 === 5.5.6  System ~-~-> Network Status ===
703
704
705 [[image:1657155554265-721.png]]
706
707
708
709 === 5.5.7  System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
710
711 Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
712
713 [[image:1652429518191-846.png||height="332" width="733"]]
714
715 [[image:1652429527544-247.png||height="327" width="724"]]
716
717 [[image:1652429537849-154.png||height="339" width="722"]]
718
719 Please see this document for detail:
720
721 (((
722 [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
723 )))
724
725
726 R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: **[[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]**
727
728 [[image:1652429624400-864.png||height="432" width="716"]]
729
730
731
732 === 5.5.8  System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
733
734 We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
735
736 * **Latest firmware**: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
737
738 ( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware]])
739
740 * **Change Log**: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
741
742 ( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
743
744
745 (((
746 The file named as (% style="color:green" %)**xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **(% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
747 )))
748
749 (((
750 (% style="color:green" %)**Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade**
751 )))
752
753 [[image:1657156052651-770.png]]
754
755 Select the required image and click **Flash Image.** The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click **Process Update** to upgrade.
756
757
758 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
759
760 The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
761
762 [[image:1657156094153-520.png]]
763
764 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE***(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
765
766 SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)**/var**(%%)** **directory and then run
767
768 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//**
769
770
771 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
772
773
774 === 5.5.9  System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
775
776 [[image:1652430197132-330.png||height="256" width="724"]]
777
778 (((
779
780
781
782 )))
783
784 === 5.5.10  System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
785
786
787 [[image:1657156199070-491.png]]
788
789 Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
790
791
792
793 == 5.6  LogRead ==
794
795 === 5.6.1  LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
796
797
798 Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
799
800 [[image:image-20220615204306-1.png||height="575" width="733"]]
801
802
803 Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
804
805 [[image:image-20220616083933-1.png||height="556" width="729"]]
806
807 DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
808
809
810 Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
811
812 [[image:image-20220615205416-6.png||height="442" width="884"]]
813
814
815 === 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
816
817 Show the system log
818
819 [[image:1652430369760-511.png||height="373" width="730"]]
820
821 = 6. More features =
822
823 == 6.1 More instructions ==
824
825 [[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
826
827
828 = 7. Linux System =
829
830 The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
831
832 == 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
833
834 User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
835
836 IP address:  IP address of DLOS8N
837
838 Port:         22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
839
840 User Name:      (% style="color:green" %)**root**
841
842 Password:         (% style="color:green" %)**dragino** (% style="color:black" %)(default)
843
844 After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
845
846 [[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
847
848 The “(% class="mark" %)**logread -f**(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
849
850 [[image:1652431609193-637.png||height="214" width="732"]]
851
852
853 == 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
854
855 (((
856 The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
857 )))
858
859 (((
860 In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
861 )))
862
863 (((
864 After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
865 )))
866
867 (((
868 Screenshot is as below:
869 )))
870
871 [[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
872
873
874 == 7.3 File System ==
875
876 (((
877 The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
878 )))
879
880 (((
881 The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
882 )))
883
884 (((
885 You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
886 )))
887
888
889 == 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
890
891 DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use **//iperf //**.
892
893 (((
894 Below are some example **//opkg //** commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]** **([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
895 )))
896
897 (((
898 **In Linux Console run:**
899 )))
900
901 (((
902 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update**           (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
903 )))
904
905 (((
906 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list**    (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
907 )))
908
909 (((
910 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf ** (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
911 )))
912
913 The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
914
915
916 (((
917 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
918 )))
919
920 (((
921 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
922 )))
923
924 (((
925 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
926 )))
927
928 (((
929 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
930 )))
931
932 (((
933 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
934 )))
935
936 (((
937 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
938 )))
939
940 (((
941 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
942 )))
943
944 = 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
945
946
947 = 9. FAQ =
948
949 == 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
950
951 (((
952 See below link for how to customize frequency band: **[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
953 )))
954
955 (((
956
957 )))
958
959 == 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
960
961 Yes, the set up instruction is here: **[[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]**
962
963
964 == 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
965
966 (((
967 Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
968 )))
969
970 (((
971 The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
972 )))
973
974
975 == 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
976
977 It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
978
979
980 = 10. Trouble Shooting =
981
982 == 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
983
984 In some cases, when installing a package with **//opkg//**, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
985
986 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
987
988 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
989
990 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
991
992 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
993
994 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)*      kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
995
996 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
997
998 (((
999 In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
1000 )))
1001
1002 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
1003
1004
1005 == 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
1006
1007 (((
1008 Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway:  **[[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]**
1009 )))
1010
1011 (((
1012
1013 )))
1014
1015 == 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
1016
1017 [[image:1652435238615-272.png||height="247" width="727"]]
1018
1019 (((
1020 The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
1021 )))
1022
1023 (% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
1024
1025
1026 Steps to connect via fall back IP:
1027
1028 ~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
1029
1030 2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
1031 IP: 172.31.255.253 and
1032 Netmask: 255.255.255.252
1033
1034 As below photo:
1035
1036 [[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
1037
1038 3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
1039
1040 Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
1041
1042
1043 = 11. Order Info =
1044
1045 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//: **
1046
1047 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//XXX: Frequency Band//**
1048
1049 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 868**(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
1050 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
1051
1052 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//YYY: 4G Cellular Option//**
1053
1054 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
1055 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** A**(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
1056 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** AU**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
1057 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
1058
1059 More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1060
1061
1062 = 12. Packing Info =
1063
1064 (((
1065 **Package Includes**:
1066 )))
1067
1068 * DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
1069 * Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
1070 * Packaging with environmental protection paper box
1071
1072 (((
1073 **Dimension and weight**:
1074 )))
1075
1076 * Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
1077 * Weight: 187g
1078 * Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
1079 * Weight: 300g
1080
1081 = 13. Support =
1082
1083 * Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
1084 * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
1085 Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
1086 * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]

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