How to improve LoRaWAN distance

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~*~*Table of Contents：~*~*

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~{~{toc/}}

= OverView =

In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.

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= Analyze at the software side =

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== LoRa parameters that effect distance ==

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Some settings in End Node will affect the transfer distance. They are:

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* **TXPower: **This means the output power from End Node. There is a command [[AT+TXP>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.14TransmitPower]] can be used to set the output power. TXP parameters follow the LoRaWAN regional document (rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf). Set to AT+TXP=0 is always has the maximum output, but AT+TXP=0 has different value in different frequency bands.

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* **Data Rate(DR): **This is a combination of Spreading Factor and Band Width. Lowest Data Rate (DR=0) always has the longest transmit distance in LoRaWAN protocol.

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Below is the TXPower and DR table of EU868 Frequency band as reference.

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[[image:image-20221006185826-1.png]]

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[[image:image-20221006185826-2.png]]

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Set AT+TXP=0 and AT+DR=0 will always has the longest transmit distance. But note that different frequency band has different TXP and DR coding according to LoRaWAN regional settings. Below is example for EU868, US915 and AS923 compare for example.

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End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0

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| |**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(((

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**Spreading Factor**

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**(Higher SF can transmit further)**

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)))|**Band Width**

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|**EU868**|14dBm|SF=12|125Khz

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|**US915**|20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|SF=10|125Khz

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|**AS923**|14dBm|SF=12|125Khz

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== Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==

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ADR is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.

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By default, ADR is turn on(AT+ADR=1) so End node ADR feature is enable.

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Normally, user can set the max distance by setting:

AT+ADR=0

AT+DR=0

AT+TXP=0

This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.

== Check for short distance problem ==

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According to the above technology, if we have a problem on the distance, we can first check if the end node is trying to longest distance modulation already. We can see that from the LoRaWAN server. Below is an example from Chirpstack.

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We can see the traffic in gateway’s page and know that the distance is SF12 / BW125. (note, server is not able to know Transmit Power settings from End Node)

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[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]

= Some real-world case =

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== Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==

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In one case, the customer is using AWS IoT Core and gateway to connect to AWS via Basic Station Connection, Frequency Band is AU915 sub-band 2. For some unknown reason, AWS always set downlink power to 0dBm, which cause the gateway only emit a very low power and lead to a short distance for sensor.

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Below is the output log in gateway side ( SSH Access to Gateway and Check Station log)

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[[image:image-20221006185826-4.png]]

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The fix of this issue is to set the output power to a high value even server ask to send out 0dBm.