Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2023/09/25 09:20

version	line-number	content
15.1	1	Table of Contents：
	2
	3	{{toc/}}
	4
1.1	5
50.1	6
	7
48.2	8	= 1. Overview =
	9
	10
1.1	11	This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
	12
	13	* HP0A
	14	* HP0C
	15	* LPS8v2
55.1	16	* MS20
1.1	17
90.3	18	(% style="display:none" %)
90.2	19
	20
48.2	21	= 2. Development Guide =
	22
	23
70.4	24	For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
4.1	25
25.1	26
48.2	27	== 2.1 How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
4.1	28
	29
48.3	30	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package(%%) ===
4.1	31
30.1	32
70.4	33	Requirements:
48.3	34
70.4	35	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)
30.1	36
70.4	37	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)
11.1	38
48.3	39
70.4	40	Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)
11.1	41
70.4	42
11.1	43	[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
	44
	45
48.3	46	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd(%%) ===
48.1	47
11.1	48
70.4	49	After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
48.3	50
70.5	51	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd: ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
70.4	52
70.5	53
11.1	54	The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
	55
	56	[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
	57
	58
	59
70.5	60	When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-.deb(%%) *package is generated.
	61
11.1	62	[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png\|\|height="385" width="773"]]
	63
25.1	64
48.3	65	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd(%%) ===
11.1	66
14.1	67
70.4	68	Run command:
11.1	69
70.5	70	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)*dpkg -i draginofwd-.deb **
11.1	71
70.4	72
11.1	73	[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
	74
	75
48.3	76	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 4. Test(%%) ===
14.1	77
48.3	78
70.5	79	Check the dragino_fwd log:
11.1	80
70.5	81	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)journalctl -u draginofwd -f
11.1	82
70.4	83
13.1	84	[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png\|\|height="182" width="931"]]
11.1	85
48.3	86
70.5	87	Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
11.1	88
70.5	89	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl start draginofwd
13.1	90
70.5	91	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl stop draginofwd
46.1	92
13.1	93
48.3	94	== 2.2 How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
27.1	95
48.3	96
57.1	97
67.2	98
51.1	99
	100
	101
	102
	103
	104
	105
98.1	106
	107
	108
	109
	110
102.1	111	== 2.3 How to flash a new image(OS) to the gateway(LPS8V2) ==
98.1	112
	113
102.1	114	Since the gateway has a large system, you need to use the sd card to reflash the system for the gateway
98.1	115
102.1	116
	117	//2.3.1: Making an SD card with the new image//
	118
	119	//2.3.2: Instal the SD card to the gateway//
	120
	121	//2.3.3: Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card//
	122
	123	//2.3.4: Finished the process of flash and power cycle the gateway//
	124
	125
98.1	126	==== (% style="background-color:yellow" %)//Preparations~://(%%) ====
	127
102.1	128	1. Prepare an SD card
	129	1. Prepare a card reader device
98.1	130	1. Download the OS image from the [[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]: ( File format dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img )
	131	1. A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )
102.1	132	1. SD Card [[format>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]] tool
98.1	133
102.1	134	=== 2.3.1 Making an SD Card with the new image ===
	135
	136
97.1	137	==== Step 1. Formatting the SD Card ====
	138
	139	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
	140
	141
	142	==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
	143
	144	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	145
	146
	147	==== Step 3. Select the target ====
	148
	149	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	150
	151	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	152
	153
	154	==== Step 4. Flash start ====
	155
	156	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	157
	158	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
	159
	160
	161
102.1	162	=== 2.3.2 Instal the SD card to the gateway ===
67.2	163
98.1	164	1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot
51.1	165
102.1	166	[[image:image-20230712201032-1.png]]
51.1	167
97.1	168
102.1	169	2. Power the gateway with 5V2A, and access the gateway's Ethernet port to your PC
97.1	170
102.1	171	[[image:image-20230712201458-3.png\|\|height="649" width="832"]]
97.1	172
	173
102.1	174	Note: The PWR LED on red
97.1	175
102.1	176	The LAN LED blink
97.1	177
102.1	178	The SYS LED on red
97.1	179
102.1	180
	181
	182	=== 3.2.3 Flash the image to the gateway's built memory from the SD card ===
	183
	184
	185	Access the gateway Linux CLI to flash the image to the gateway's built memory
	186
	187
	188	* Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI
	189
98.1	190	Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
97.1	191
	192
	193	IP address: IP address of gateway or Fallback IP(172.31.255.254)
	194
	195	Port: 22
	196
	197	User Name: (% style="color:blue" %)root
	198
	199	Password: (% style="color:blue" %)dragino(%%) (default)
	200
	201	//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
	202
	203
	204	[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png\|\|height="225" width="634"]]
	205
	206
70.4	207	Run command:
27.1	208
70.6	209	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)nand-sata-install
27.1	210
70.4	211
27.1	212	[[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
	213
28.1	214
27.1	215
70.7	216	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".
	217
27.1	218	[[image:image-20220602112058-2.png\|\|height="292" width="646"]]
	219
72.2	220
27.1	221	[[image:image-20220602112106-3.png\|\|height="301" width="643"]]
	222
	223
72.2	224
70.7	225	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"1 ext4"
27.1	226
	227	[[image:image-20220602112113-4.png\|\|height="271" width="642"]]
	228
	229
70.7	230
27.1	231	It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
	232
	233	[[image:image-20220602112119-5.png\|\|height="309" width="641"]]
	234
72.2	235
27.1	236	[[image:image-20220602112125-6.png\|\|height="281" width="640"]]
	237
72.2	238
27.1	239	[[image:image-20220602112131-7.png\|\|height="241" width="638"]]
	240
	241
	242	(% style="color:red" %)Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.
	243
28.1	244
107.1	245	== 2.4 How to extend the gateway size of memory with SD card ==
67.2	246
72.2	247
107.1	248	Users can use the SD card slot to expand the gateway memory size by following the steps below
	249
	250
	251	=== 2.4.1 View SD card information ===
	252
	253	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	254	(((
	255	fdisk -l
	256	)))
	257
	258	[[image:image-20230831150518-3.png]]
	259
	260
	261	=== 2.4.2 Displays the current file system disk usage statistics on Linux systems ===
	262
	263
	264	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	265	(((
	266	df -h
	267	)))
	268
	269	[[image:image-20230831150341-2.png]]
	270
	271
	272	=== 2.4.3 Mount SD card ===
	273
	274
	275	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	276	(((
	277	mkdir /mnt/sd
	278
	279	mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/sd
	280	)))
	281
	282	After the mount is successful to check the file system disk usage on the Linux system again:
	283
	284	[[image:image-20230831151432-4.png]]
	285
	286
	287	If the mount fails, you can format the file system and try the mount again
	288
	289	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	290	(((
	291	mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1
	292	)))
	293
	294	== 2.5 Default Built Version ==
	295
	296
72.1	297	[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
	298
	299
107.1	300	== 2.6 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
72.1	301
78.1	302
	303	By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
	304
	305	[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
	306
	307	If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.
	308
	309
	310	#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
	311
83.1	312	[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png\|\|height="89" width="689"]]
78.1	313
	314	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	315	(((
	316	npm install -g n
	317	)))
	318
	319
	320	#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
	321
83.1	322	[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png\|\|height="184" width="893"]]
	323
78.1	324	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	325	(((
	326	n lts
	327	)))
	328
	329
	330	#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
	331
83.1	332	[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png\|\|height="139" width="899"]]
78.1	333
	334	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	335	(((
	336	n prune
	337	)))
	338
	339
	340	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	341	(((
83.1	342	apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot
78.1	343	)))
	344
	345
	346	Check the current version
	347
83.1	348	[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
78.1	349
	350	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	351	(((
	352	node -v
	353	)))
	354
	355
107.1	356	== 2.7 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
84.1	357
	358
	359	=== Grafana: ===
	360
	361
	362	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	363	(((
	364	curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
	365	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
	366	apt update && apt install grafana
	367	)))
	368
	369
	370	Check the running status:
	371
	372
	373	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	374	(((
	375	systemctl status grafana-server
	376	)))
	377
	378
	379	configuration path:
	380
	381
	382	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	383	(((
	384	/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
	385	)))
	386
	387
	388	=== Influxdb: ===
	389
	390
	391	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	392	(((
109.1	393	curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
84.1	394	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
	395	apt update && apt install influxdb
	396	)))
	397
	398
	399	Check the running status:
	400
	401
	402	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	403	(((
	404	systemctl status influxdb
	405	)))
	406
	407
	408	configuration path:
	409
	410
	411	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	412	(((
	413	/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
	414	)))
	415
	416
95.6	417	= 3. Package Management =
	418
95.1	419	== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
	420
95.6	421	=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
95.1	422
	423
67.2	424	By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates.
	425
	426
	427	(% style="color:blue" %)When devices will check for updates?
	428
	429	* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
	430	* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
	431
	432	(% style="color:blue" %)What packages will be checked for updates?
	433
	434	dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
	435
	436	dragino-sid ~-~- SN write and read tool
	437
	438	dragino-ui ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
	439
	440	draginofwd ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
	441
	442	draginoups ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
	443
	444
70.9	445
67.2	446	(% style="color:blue" %)Location and changelog for packages:
	447
	448	* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
	449	* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
	450
	451	(% style="color:blue" %)How to view auto-updated log
	452
	453	You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)System ~-~-> Package Management.
	454
	455
	456	[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
	457
	458
70.7	459
67.2	460	(% style="color:blue" %)Can I disable package-auto-update?
	461
70.8	462	You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %) ‘SAVE’ (%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
67.2	463
	464
	465	[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
	466
	467
95.1	468	=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
67.2	469
	470
70.8	471	You can click the (% style="color:red" %)‘Manual Update’(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
67.2	472
	473
	474	[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
	475
	476
95.1	477	=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
67.2	478
	479
	480	For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
	481
	482
95.1	483	== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
67.2	484
95.1	485	=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
67.2	486
	487
	488	Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
	489
	490
95.1	491	=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
67.2	492
	493
70.5	494	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install apache2
67.2	495
	496
95.1	497	=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
67.2	498
	499
70.5	500	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)
67.2	501
70.5	502	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)
67.2	503
70.5	504	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)
67.2	505
	506
	507	Tree Structure:
	508
	509	(% style="color:red" %)Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.
	510
	511
	512	└── debian
	513
	514	└── release
	515
	516	├── dists
	517
	518	│ └── stable
	519
	520	│ └── main
	521
	522	│ └── binary-armhf
	523
	524	└── pool
	525
	526	└── main
	527
	528	└── d
	529
70.5	530	└── dragino ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.
67.2	531
	532
95.1	533	=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
67.2	534
	535
	536	The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
	537
	538	Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
	539
	540
70.5	541	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)
67.2	542
70.5	543	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
67.2	544
	545
95.1	546	=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
67.2	547
	548
70.5	549	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/
67.2	550
70.5	551	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages
67.2	552
70.5	553	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages \| gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz
67.2	554
	555
	556	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.
	557
	558
95.1	559	=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
67.2	560
	561
70.10	562	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Create the generated script:(%%) ====
67.2	563
	564
70.5	565	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	566
	567
70.5	568	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]
67.2	569
70.5	570	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)chmod + x ./generate-release.sh
67.2	571
70.5	572	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)./generate-release.sh > Release
67.2	573
	574
95.1	575	=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
67.2	576
	577
70.7	578	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Make sure auto-update server has gnupg(%%) ====
67.2	579
	580
70.5	581	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install gnupg
68.2	582
	583
	584
70.7	585	==== (% style="color:blue" %)generate gpg key(%%) ====
67.2	586
	587
70.5	588	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg -gen-key
67.2	589
68.2	590
70.10	591	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.
67.2	592
	593
68.2	594
70.7	595	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Check the gen-key(%%) ====
67.2	596
	597
70.5	598	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gen -list-key
67.2	599
68.2	600
	601
70.7	602	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the release.gpg(%%) ====
67.2	603
	604
70.5	605	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	606
70.5	607	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release
67.2	608
	609
70.5	610	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release
67.2	611
	612
68.2	613
70.7	614	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the public key(%%) ====
67.2	615
	616
70.5	617	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>
67.2	618
68.2	619
67.2	620	example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export [[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
	621
	622
	623
95.1	624	=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
67.2	625
68.2	626
	627
70.7	628	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the public key(%%) ====
67.2	629
	630
70.5	631	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
67.2	632
70.7	633
68.2	634	(% style="color:red" %)Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.
67.2	635
68.2	636
	637
70.7	638	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the apt source list(%%) ====
67.2	639
68.2	640
67.2	641	Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
	642
70.5	643	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" \| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list
67.2	644
	645
68.2	646
70.7	647	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Validate the apt repository(%%) ====
67.2	648
68.2	649
67.2	650	Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
	651
70.5	652	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt update && apt install testing
67.2	653
68.2	654
67.2	655	Example output:
	656
68.2	657	[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
67.2	658
	659
95.1	660	=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
67.2	661
	662
70.7	663	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Remove dragino apt source(%%) ====
67.2	664
	665
70.5	666	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)/etc/apt/sources.list
67.2	667
	668
70.2	669	[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
67.2	670
	671
	672
70.7	673	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Set up automatic updates(%%) ====
67.2	674
	675
70.5	676	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates
67.2	677
70.2	678
67.2	679	The device performs automatic updates from this script,
	680
	681	But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
	682
	683
70.2	684	[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
95.2	685
	686
	687

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